LITERARY DEVICE

1. Allegory
 
What is It: A work that symbolizes or represents an idea or event.
 
2. Alliteration
 
What is It: The repetition of the same or similar consonant sounds in
succession.
 
3. Allusion
 
What is it: An indirect reference to a person, place, thing, event, or idea
4. Analogy
 
What is it: A parallel between disparate ideas, people, things, or events
that is more elaborate than a metaphor or simile.
 
5. Anthropomorphism
 
What is it: The interpretation of a nonhuman animal, event, or object as
embodying human qualities or characteristics.
 
6. Anachronism
 
What is it: An intentional or unintentional error in chronology or a timeline.
 
7. Colloquialism
 
What is it: An informal piece of dialogue or turn of phrase used in everyday
conversation.
 
8. Diction
 
What is it: The word choice and speaking style of a writer or character.
 
 9. Elegy
What is it: A poem expressing grief over a death.
10. Epiphany
 
What is it: A moment of sudden realization by a character.

11. Euphemism
 
What is it: A less provocative or milder term used in place of a more
explicit or unpleasant one.
  
12. Foreshadowing
 
What is it: Hinting at future or subsequent events to come to build tension
in a narrative.
13. Hyperbole
 
What is it: A statement that is obviously and intentionally exaggerated.
 
14. Idiom
 
What is it: A figure of speech that is indecipherable based on the words
alone.
 
15. Imagery
What is it: A compilation of sensory details that enable the reader to
visualize the event.
 
16. Irony
 
What is it: An instance of language conveying the opposite of its literal
meaning:
 

 Verbal irony: speech that conveys the opposite of its literal meaning

 Situational irony: An event that occurs that is the opposite of what is
expected
 Dramatic irony: Usually applied to theater or literature, an instance in
which the audience knows something the characters involved do not

17. Juxtaposition
 
What is it: Ideas, people, images, ideas, or object placed next to one
another to highlight their differences.
 
 
18. Malapropism
 
What is it: An incorrect word intentionally or unintentionally used in place
of a similar-sounding one, sometimes used for humorous effect.

19. Metaphor
 
What is it: A comparison of two ideas, events, objects, or people that does
not use “like” or “as.”
 
An extended metaphor is a lengthy metaphor that continues the
comparison for several sentences, paragraphs, or even pages.

20. Mood

What is it: The general feeling the speaker evokes in the reader through the
atmosphere, descriptions, and other features.
21. Onomatopoeia
 
What is it: A word the is closely associated or identical to the sound it
describes.
22. Oxymoron
 
What is it: A pairing of seemingly contradictory terms used to convey
emphasis or tension.
 
23. Paradox
 
What is it: An apparent contradiction that, upon further unraveling, may
contain truth, used for effect on the reader.
 
24. Personification
 
What is it: Lending descriptions generally applied to human beings to
nonhumans. This term differs from anthropomorphism in that the
nonhuman entities are not thought to behave in human-like ways but are
merely described in these terms.
 
25. Repetition
 
What is it: Multiple instances of a word or phrase, often in succession,
used for emphasis.
 
26. Satire
 
What is it: A phrase or entire work that uses irony to critique behaviors,
events, people, or vices.
 
Example: Animal Farm is a work of satire, critiquing Stalinism and the
politics Soviet Union.
 
 
27. Simile
 
What is it: A comparison between objects, events, or people that uses
“like” or “as.”
 
28. Symbolism
 
What is it: Something used to represent a larger concept or idea.

29. Synecdoche
 
What is it: An instance of a part representing a whole or vice versa.
 
30. Tone

What is it: The speaker or narrator’s attitude toward the subject of the
piece, distinct from mood in that it is not used to evoke a particular feeling
in the reader.

ELEMENTS OF FICTIONS
PLOT

The Author's Role

Conflict

Setting

Mood

Plot Techniques

Theme

Symbolism

Point of view

Characters

Irony

Other issue

1. Internal Correspondence
Internal correspondence is a written communication between the employees,
units, departments, and branches of the same organization. Internal
correspondence can either be formal or less formal. Routine internal
correspondence are usually less formal, such as quick instructions between a
supervisor and a staff, and these are normally in the form of email.

2. External Correspondence

External correspondence takes place between different organizations, or between

an organization and their individual clients. This is a form of written
communication made by a company to those who do not belong to their
organization.

3. Sales Correspondence

Sales correspondence refers to sales-related communications. It is not limited to

just selling a product or service, but it also includes other activities relating to
sales. Sales correspondence include marketing letters, offer and discount letters,
sales proposals, invoices, statement of accounts, sales reports, order
confirmation, purchase orders, letters of authorization, collection letters, and
such.

4. Personalized Correspondence

Personalized correspondence involved personal and emotional factors. Despite

being labeled as “personalized”, this type of correspondence can also be used for
business purposes. Examples of personalized correspondence include letters of
gratitude, letters of favours or requests, appreciation notes, letters of
congratulations of commendation, and such.

5. Circulars

Circulars are notices that are communicated to a large number of people within
the organization. It is also referred to as office instructions or announcements.
Often, general announcements (such as changes in contact information, details
about meetings with shareholders, instructions about certain protocols, etc) are
being communicated via circulars.