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EXPLANATION TEXT.

1. Definition

Explanation text is a text which tells or explains processes relating to forming of natural or social
phenomena or how something works. Explanation texts are factual genres or a non-fiction text.
Explanation texts describe How and Why things happen. There are two kind of explanation texts :

a. Sequential Explanation ( How something works/occurs).

b. Cause and effect Explanation ( Why something occurs).

2. Social Function

The social function of the explanation text I

1. To tell why and how of the forming of the phenomena.

2. To explain why things are as they are and how they formed or made.
3. To Explain the processes involved in the evolution of natural and social phenomenon or how
something works
4. To explain how something works or the process involved in actions, events, or behavior.

3. Generic structure
 General statement
It about the phenomenon issue which is to be explained. It is to introduce the topic.

 A sequenced explanation

It consists of sequenced explanation of how something occurs, or series of chronological steps

which explain how or why something happens.

4. The Tense
 Simple Present tense
5. Type of sentence used
 Active Sentence
 Passive Sentence
 Contoh text explanation
Photosynthesis
What is photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is a food making process that occurs in green plants. It
is the chief function of leaves. The word photosynthesis means putting together with light.
Green plants use energy from light to combine carbon dioxide and water o make sugar and
other chemical compounds.

How is the light used in photosynthesis? The light used in photosynthesis is absorbed by a
green pigment called chlorophyll. Each food-making cell in a plan leaf contains chlorophyll in
small bodies called chloroplasts. In chloroplasts, light energy causes water drawn from the soil
to split into hydrogen and oxygen.

What are the steps of photosynthesis process? Let me tell you the process of photosynthesis, in
a series of complicated steps, the hydrogen combines with carbon dioxide from the air, forming
a simpler sugar. Oxygen from the water molecules is given off in the process. From sugar
together with nitrogen, sulphur, and phosphorus from the soil-green plants can make starch,
fat, protein, vitamins and other complex compounds essential for life. Photosynthesis provides
the chemical energy that is needed to produce these compounds.

Taken from The World Book Encyclopedia, 1996

Television

What’s on the TV tonight? Why? Nothing but hundreds of lines filled with millions of spot of light! This doesn’t
sound like anything you would recognize. But that’s what makes up picture you are watching!

To find out where the TV picture comes from, we have to go to the TV studio. In the studio a camera points at
some actors. At part of the camera makes an electrical cop of the scene on a sort of plate. This plate changes bright
or dim spots of light into strong or weak spot of electricity.

Then another part of the TV camera reads the spots of electricity. It zips backward and forward across the scene
lines, just as you are reading the lines on this page. But images reading about twenty five pages a second, each one
with over 500 lines! That’s how fast a TV camera reads the scene.

As each lines is read, electric signal are sent from the TV station to your set. These signal make part of your TV
shoot strong or weak bursts of tiny particles called electron in the screen. The more electrons in each burst, the
brighter the spot of light on the screen. The electron beam zips across the screen in the lines, exactly in step with
the TV camera. So there’s your TV picture, made up from thousands of lines filled with million of spots of light.

But wait a minute – what about the color? That’s easy- if you remember that all the colors in light can be made by
mixing red, blue and green.

So, a color TV camera separates each of the three colors from the scene, you color TV set has three electron guns
one of each color. And the screen can glow in tiny spots of the three color – to give any color you like!

Taken from child craft; Science at Work, 1993

 WHERE DOES RAIN COME FROM?

Rain always comes from clouds. But where do the clouds come from? How does the all
that water get into the sky?

Think about your bathroom. There is hot water in your bath. Steam goes up from the hot
water. The steam makes small clouds in the bathroom these warm clouds meet the cold
walls and windows, and then we see the small drops of water on the walls and windows.
The world is like your bathroom. The water in the oceans warms when sun shines on it.
Some of these water goes up into the sky and makes clouds. The wind carries the clouds
for hundreds of kilometers. Then the clouds meet cold air in the sky, and we see drops of
water. The drops of water are rain.

The rain falls and runs into the rivers. Rivers run into the ocean. And the water from
ocean makes clouds and more rain. So water is always moving from oceans to clouds to
rain to rivers to oceans. So the rain on your head was on the other head before! The water
in your garden was in other gardens in other country.

Adapted from: Developing English Competencies grade XII

Flow over
The digestive system in made up of body parts that digest food. These body parts breakdown
food into small particles so that the body can use it.

The digestive system is mainly a long tube that begins in the mouth. Other parts of this tube
include the stomach and the intestines. When food is swallowed, it moves through this tube. It
is ground and mixed with liquid produced by the body. These liquids, called liquid digestive
juices, have chemicals in them that help break down the food. When the tiny bits of food go
into the stomach, they are churned to break them down even more. Then the food bits into the
small intestine, along tube below the stomach.

The small intestine finishes the job of digesting food. The food is broken down into very tiny
bits. They are so small that they can pass into the blood through the wall of the small intestine.
The blood carries them to the parts of the body.

What is left from the food goes into the large intestine. It is a long tube, too. The large
intestines stores waste becomes solid called feces. The feces leave the body through the
rectum at the end of the large intestine.

1. What is the text about ?

2. What kind of explanation text is it ? How do you know it ?
3. What is the general statement of the text ?
4. How many stage are explained in the text ? Explain Your answer !
5. Do you find the used of passive voice in the text ? Give the examples !
6. What are the meaning of the following words :
 Breakdown ( paragraph 1 )
 Churned ( paragraph 2 )
 Feces ( the last paragraph )

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