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Cell SHAKAVELS PDF
Cell SHAKAVELS PDF
CELL SHAKAVELS
→Layer outside bacterial cell wall well organized and not easily washed off
→Composed of polysaccharides helps to protect bacteria against phagocytosis
→Considered of a virulence factor
•Plasma Membrane
→Phospholipid bilayer
→Multifunction structure that combines the mitochondrial transport and biosynthetic function
that are usually compartmentalized in discrete membranous organelles in eukaryotic cells
→Anchoring site for DNA and provides the cell with a mechanism for separation of sister
chromosomes
•Nucleoid→ DNA condensed within it
•Mesosome→ invagination of plasma membrane
•Ribosome→ protein translation
3. Eukaryotic Cell Structure
•Plasma membrane
→Fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane
→Fluid: freely moving in bilayer; mosaic: random distribution of protein
→Components of plasma membrane: integral proteins, peripheral proteins, glycoproteins,
phospholipids, glycolipids, in some cases cholesterol and lipoproteins
•Ribosome
→make proteins needed in the cell by translation process
•Lysosome
→enzim katalase untuk metabolism fatty acid and get rid of H2O2
•Cytoskeleton
→Function: Establishing cell shape, providing mechanical strength, locomotion, transport
(exocytosis and endocytosis), chromosome separation in mitosis and meiosis
→Classes based on its size:
- Actin Filament/ microfilament: provide strength and support for the cell
- Intermediate filament: stabilize nucleus position and organelle, reduce mechanical
stress. Ex: keratin for skin, hair, and nails; neurofilaments for neural cells
- Microtubule: maintain asymmetric cell shape, highway for transport vesicle, forming
mitotic spindle for cell division
•Endoplasmic Reticulum
1. CELL SHAKAVELS
→provides a communication channel for material passing between nucleus and cell
environment
→Rough ER untuk saluran hasil sintesis protein
Smooth ER untuk detoxification, sintesis lemak
•Golgi Apparatus
5. Exocytisis&Endocytosis
•Exocytosis
→movement of materials out of a cell via membrane vesicle
→dibagi 2:
- Regualted exocytosis: harus ada signal yang mentrigger. Ex: insulin
- Constitutive exocytosis: terjadi secara terus menerus tanpa harus ada signal. Ex:
White Blood Cell (WBC)
•Endocytosis
→movement of materials into a cell via membrane vesicle
1. CELL SHAKAVELS
→dibagi 2:
- Receptor mediated endocytosis: harus ada reseptor untuk invaginasi. Ex: kolestrol
yang masuk ke dalam sel
- Fluid phase endocytosis: masuk secara random tanpa ada reseptor. Ex: pinocytosis
6. Cell cycle
→Check Point:
- G1 check point (Enter S): make sure the environment is favorable
- G2 check pont (Enter M): make sure the environment is favorable and all of the DNA
are replicated
- M phase check point (Exit M): make sure all of the chromosomes are attached to the
spindle
7. Cell division
1. CELL SHAKAVELS
→Cytokinesis: the process of separating the new nuclei and half of the parental cytoplasm
into the new daughter cells
8. Cellullar Adaptation to Stress