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Strength of Materials RK Bansal PDF
Strength of Materials RK Bansal PDF
Strength of Materials RK Bansal PDF
209 ‘30000 S75 x10" xx a 0900 _ 80000xex 200 Bode ~ 87x10 xe 385 brawl a Fig 99 ti)STRENGTH OF MATERIALS DIRECT AND BENDING STRESSES = 207 286 1,5 Moment of inertia about X-X axis 825 x10" «22% 80000 _ 69.5 mmm, Ans ae Peanee a . © * 30000 x x 80000 x 200 = 7 bat @ Problem 9:% [fins the Problem 9.6, the eoentricity ofthe point load is given as 150 mm, | “then caleulade the moximurn and minimurm stress in the sexton. J,,= Moment of inertia about Y-¥ axis Sol. Given at "The data from Problem 9.6 is sel 2 ‘D= 400 mm, d = 200 min . Now the escentric load is equivalent to a central load P, together with a bending momen ae xe, about ¥¥ anda bending moment Px, about 2X. ELE P=80000.N,A =90000 xx mm? chy, Moment ofinertia, 1=3.75x10%x«mmt 41 1] ecentrivity, — ¢ = 160 mm P3000 Now ditect seese, 0°" 5ag00 8468 Nim? ‘We know that moment, reas M2 P xe = 80000 x 150 = 12000000 Nenen ‘Maximum bonding stress is given by, : Mx yng, 12000000 x (2200) Sanaa NT” BIB x10 xe Co Yaa = #200 mend 2.037 Nim? Mexiinum stress =o * 0 “8486 + 2.097 = 2.8658 Nimmt (Compressive). Ans, ‘Minimum sirees % (3488 ~ 2.097 =~ 1.1882 Nimm® (Tensile). Ans. ‘The stress distribution across tho width is shown in Fig. 8.10. 94, RESULTANT STRESS WHEN A COLUMN OF RECTANGULAR SECTION IS SUB- JECTED TO A LOAD WHICH IS ECCENTRIC TO BOTH AXES ‘A-column of rectangular section ABCD, subjected to « load which is eccentric to both axes, is chown in Fig. 9.11. Let P= Becentte load on extann coentricity of load about X-X axis Recantricity of oad about ¥-Y axis 3 = Width of column Depth of column Direct stress = Bending stress due to eccentricity e, Pxe, A, = Moment of load sbout ¥-¥ axis @) The direct stress (o,) Is given by, LP a= @ (Gi) The bending stress due to eccentricity e, is given by, Prey xx nay Sane “a Ce My=Bxe) i) Inthe abr quatn eae mS i ‘The bending stress due to eccentricity e, is given by, og, = Meee eT Peexy T a4. In the above equation, y varies from © to + 2 ‘equation, y varies from - 5 to + 5 ‘Tho resultant stress at any point on the section Myxe My.y AU Ty Te nari th pMEC the coordinatess andy are postive ence the resultant ten wil be ay pt the pnt A, the coordintes «andy are negative and hence tho rsutant tress (iif) At the point B, x is ve and y Is -ve and honee resultant stress B Met Mey Aree (iv) At the point D, x is—ve and y is +ve and hence resultant stress P My Mey ai 9a) Problem 98. A sort column of rectangular ertssction 80 mim by 60 mm carries @ load of 1 BN at. point 20 ram rm the longer ae and 35 mms from the shorter ide Determine ‘he mazinum compressive and teil areses fv the section.388 [STRENGTH OF MATERIN'S pk—————- 60 mm ——al | Seah ne oo we Di nf Point toed, Peso ww +e i Erol fod aba £2 ax, ; searete entity of ad abe EY ax cea Momento eed boat # es, ye we, = 40000 «20 nae ‘cio Nam Moment of load about ¥-¥ axis, M,=Pxe, = ‘Moment of inertia about X-X axis, 19000 + 5 = 200000 Nena 1 2 “ 5% 8080" » 1440000 mm Similarly, (@) The maxizvuma compressive stress will be at point C where 2 and y are positive. The value of := 40 rom and. 4 2 60 «80° = mt Be 2560000: 1440000 =8.39+3.125 +8.83 = 19.785 Nimm#. Ans. Gi) The maximum tensile stress will be at point A whore x Hence using equation (9.3), we get Myer Resultant stress at A= 24 = 889-9.125 - 8.33 =~3.125 Nimm?, Ans. Problem 9.9. A column ie rectangular in cross-section of 300 mm x 400 mm in dimen: sions. The column earries an eccentric point load of 360 AN on one diagonal at a distance of ‘quarter diagonal length from a corner. Caloulate the stresses at all four corners. Draw stress disiribution diagrams for any two adjacent sides. (Bhavnagar University, Feb. 1992) Sol. Given ‘Width, 100 mn Depth, d= 400mm DIRECT ANDO BENOING STRESSES 380 Area, A= bxd =300% 400 12% 108 mat ‘The eccentric load is acting at point E, where distance EC = one quarter of diagonal AC. Ne agonal AC fs an? = 0 1 snacan, tama=t 3 we! and ine sin orerce tac = 3500 = 125 mm Pig. 81200) 4 4 And 2 BF = OF sin 9=128 x $ = 100 mm 3 26 x 3 = 76 mm ¢,= OF =08 on 8 ‘Moment of load about x: axis, MM, =P x, = 960000 x 10 Moment of load about J-y axis, «108 mmé ‘The resultant stress at any point in given by equation (9.8) as PMyxe, Maxey ana Ne © Resultant stress at point C Atpoint C,2 = 1650 mm and y Resultant stress at C Resultant stress PM; *150 M, «200 a ie 360000 , 27000000 = 160 , 36000000 x 200 “Taxi” 9x18 16x10" 23445445 Nimo? = 12 Naam? (compressive). Ans.300 STRENGTH OF MATERIALS Gi) Resultant stress at point B Abpoint B,x= 150mm and y«~200mm x 150 Bf, x(- 200) Resultantstess at B= G+ E+ BESS __ 380/000, 27000000 x 150 _ 36000000 x 200 “Taxtot* 9x 10" 10x10" =3445-45 = 3. Nimm! (compressive). Ans. Git) Resultans strees at point A ‘At point A, =~ 150mm and y ‘Resultant stress at point A 200 mam PM, x(- 150) __ 860900 _ 27000000 150 _ 26000000 = 200, “Taxiot 9x 10" 16x10" 3-45-45 =-6Ninm (Tensile). Ans. (iv) Resultant stress at point D Atpoint D, x =~ 150 mm and Resultant stress at point D PM(-350)_-M, x20 ar rr as = 200 mm ‘560000 _ 27000000 x 150 Txt 9x10" a2 48045 = 8. N/mm? (compressive), Ans. 16000000 x 200 16x10" Stress distribution for AB and BC (ie, two adjacent sides) Fig. 9.12 @) shows the stress distribution along two adjacent sides (ie, AB and BC). ‘At point A, resultant stress is 6 N/m (tensile) whereas at point B, the resultant stress is 3 N/mm? (compressive). Take AB = 6 Nimm# and BF = Nimm*. Join B to F. For side BC, the resultant strose at B is 3 Nirom® (compressive) whoreas at point C the rogultant stress is 12 Nimm? (compressive) ‘Take BH = 8 Nimnm* (compressive) and CG = 12 Nimm? (compressive). DIRECT AND BENDING STRESSES 301 toe Sie Df Fig. 912.6) Problem 9.10.4 masonry pier of 8m x4 m eupports a vertical load of 80 RN as shown in Fig. 9.13. (a) ind the stresses developed at each cor- ner of the pier. (6) What additional load shoutd be placed 1 the contre of the pier, so that there is no tension. anywhere in the pier section ? (o) What are the stresses atthe corners with the additional load in the centre? Sol. Given : ‘Wideh Depth, Arey Point load, Eeeentrietty of load about XX axis, 205m Eoventricity of load about ¥-Y axis, = Lom Moment of load about XX axis, MM, =P xe,= 80 x 0.5 = 40 kNm Similarly, My = Pxe, = 80x L0= 80 kNm ‘Moment of inertia about X-X axis, 4 “ l= Gy X49" = 9mm302 STRENGTH OF MATERIALS Similarly, = gp x8 xP a 10 mt (a) Stresses developed at each corner of the pier “The resultant stress at any pint i given By equation (9.3) Po Myxe Mey atcier tial GAL point, =~ 2.0m and y = ~ 16m, Hence resultant stress at A Gis, 04) obtained by subtitating these values nthe above equation (). 80, 80(-2.0) | 40x(=1.5) =p 16 o = 660-10 6.66 10 kN/m? (Tensile). Ans. (i Apoint B,x =201m andy =~ 15m, Hence resultant scees a B (i, oi obtained by ovbotitating these values in equation 80, 8020, 40*(-1.5) pet = 665 + 10-666 0 KNint (Compressive). Ans. 20 mand y «1.6 m. Henes resukent stress at C ti, 0,8 glven by, a0, «20 | 40% 1.5 et 9 4 1016.66 2.28 ANI (Compressive). Ans. Om andy = 1.5m. Hence resultant stress atD (ce, op)ia given, 80, B0x(-20) , 401.5 is 3 = 6.66-10.46.66 = 2.8 kNim# (Compressive). Ane. (6) Additional load atthe centre ofthe per 0 that there eno tnsion angtahere inthe pier sation [et W'= Additional load (in KN) placed atthe centre for no tension anywhere in the bier section ‘The above loa is compressive and will caus s compressive sress Hence resultant stress “a (Git) At point ©, (io) At point D, = As 12m?) ae fy Aslam) ‘As this load is placed at the centre, it will produce a uniform compressive stress ‘across the section of the pier. But we know that there is tensile stress st point A having magnitude = 10 kNim®, Hence the compressive stress due to load W should be equal to tensile stress at 4 w pro or W=10x12=120kN. Ans. (© Stresses at the corners with the additional load at the centre W320 ae ‘Stress due to additional load = 10kNim? (Compressive) DIRECT AND BENDING STRESSES 399 ‘This stross is uniform across the eross-section of the pier. Hence to find the stresses at ‘the corners with this edditional load, we must add the stress 10 KN/m? in each valu of the stresses already existing in the corners, Stress at A,o,=~10+10=0. Ams. Similarly, 0 = 10+ 10= 20%Nim?, Ans. 3.93 + 10 = $3.38 kNimw*, Ans. 18.88 kNim®. Ans. and 9.5. RESULTANT STRESS FOR UNSYMMETRICAL COLUMNS WITH ECCENTRIC LOADING In case of unsymmetrical columns which are subjected to eocentrie loading, first the contre of gravity (i.e, C.G.) of the unsymmetrical section is determined, Then the moment of inertia of the section about the axis passing through the C.G. is caleulated. After that the distances betwoen the comers ofthe section and its C.G. is obtained, By using the values ofthe oment of inertia and distances of te coma fom the C.G. ofthe seetion, the stresses cn the ‘comers sre then determined, Problem 9.11. A short column has a square section 300 mm x 900 mm with a square Iola of 150 mm 150 mm as shown in Fig. 9.14, It carries an eccentric load of 1800 BN, located as showin in the figure. Determine the maximum compressive and tensile stress across the exction, fet anefe—td em —sfrs a i * 80mm + ais Jersmmae-75nmny) a Fig. 8.14 Sol. Given Dimension of column Dimension of hole 300 min > 300 rem = 150 mm x 150 min304 STRENGTH OF MATERIALS ‘A= 00 » 300 — 150 » 150 ‘90000 ~ 22500 67500 ma? Point load, P = 1800 KN = 1800000 N ‘The point lod ie acting on ¥-Y axis, The given sostion is also symmetrical about YY axis, But it is unsymmetrical tg X-X axis. Let us first find the position of XX axis, For thi, find the distance of C.G, from the bottom line AB. Lat is the distance of the C.G. of tho section from the bottom line AB. Aust Aaye (AAR) Area of outer square = 300 x 300 = $0000 mm® Distance of C.G. of outer square ftors line AB = 160 mm ‘Area of square hole = 150 x 150 = 22500 mm? = ~ 22500 mm? (Gve eign due to cut out portion) ‘Area of esction, ‘Then y Disaes C6 oquere tol om ine AB «100+ 9 405 mm (90000 x 150 - 22500 x 175 “(0000 = 22500) 119500000 - 3937500 67500 2 The axis XX lies ab a distance 141.66 mum from line AB or at a distance of 800 = 141:66-= 158.54 mam from line CD. ‘The load is unsymmetrical to X-X axis, Hence eccentricity, ¢ = 158.84 ~ (50 + 30) = 78.38 mm, ‘Moment about XX axis, M =P xe = 1800000 78.34 4101200 Nina ‘Now let us calculate the moment of inertia of the section about X-X exis. Let I, = MOL. of outer square ABCD about XX exis. MOLL of ARCD about an axis parallel to XX and passing through its C.G, + Area of ABCD (Distance of C.G. of ABCD from XX axis)® 141.66 sm ++ 200 > 300 » (158.24 - 1507 375000000 + 6260004 = 631260004 mm* MOLL of square hole about XX axis, O.1 of hole about its C.G. + Area of hale (Distance of C.G. of hole from Xx 150 150° 2 = 42187600 + 25010001 = 67197601 mmt 150 x 1501175 — 141.60)8 RECT AND BENOING STRESSES 305, Net moment of inertia of the section about X-X axis is given by I-L-k, 681260004 ~ 67197501 = 614062508 mmt Now direct stress is given by, >, 1800000 : ay» 10000 «9 65 Na “his tress ifr aeroae the ection, Bending sires is given by, Mo Ty co oye MEP ‘The maximum value of from X-K axis is 158.34 mm, This isthe distance of the line CD G1om ans As load is actng above theX-X axis, hence the bending sess wl be compressive tn the olge CD. This stesso obtained by aubattingy = 168:94 sm in equation (0 ‘Bonding tres a the edge CD duo to moment 14062503 "614062509 86.36 N/mm? (Compressive. Bonding sires at tho cago AB will be tens, The distance of AB fromm XX 141.66 mm. Bending. stress at the edge AB due to moment will be cbtained by subtituting y = = 141.66 in equation @. Bonding stress a the edge AB due to moment MoVAL66 | 141012000% 141.6 oy T ‘614062508 =~ 82.528 Nim? Recultant stress at the edge CD 0+ % = 26.66 + 86.66 = 63.82 Nimm? (Compressive). Ans. ‘and resultant stress at the edge AB = 26.66 ~ 92.529 = 5.869 (Tensile). Ans. Problem 9.12. A short columr lus rectangular votion 160 mune % 200 mm with @ circular hole of 80 mo diameter as shown in Fig. 9.15. It carries an cecentri load of 100 KN, at 1 point aa shown in the figure. Determine the stresses at tho four corners of the section. Sol. Given Width, Dopth, Area of rectangular ABCD, Ay Dia. of hale, ra ole y= 08 265 mnt396 [STRENGTH OF MATEUS ‘vRECT AND BENDING STRESSES 207 Fig. 915, Area of section, A=, ~ A, = 92000~ 5026.5, © 26973.5 mm? Eccentric load, P= 100 kN» 100 x 10" N ‘The given section is symmetricel about X-X axis, But it is unsymmetrical to Y-Y axis. Lot us fiest find the position of Y-¥ axis. For this find the distance of the CG. of the section from the reference line AD. Lat & is the distance of the C.G. of the section from the reference line AD, Ait Ate Then Be where A, = Area of rectangle ABCD = $2000 mamat 2," Distance of 2G. of rectangle ARC from reference line AD = 60 mm A, = Area of hole = ~ 5026.5 mm? (ve sign due to ext out portion) = Distance of CG. of hole from line AD 32000 « 80 - 5026.5 x 60 ($2000 — 5096.6) 2560000 — 202590 _ $9.73 mm. 2089.5 Hence the axis ¥-¥ willie at a distance of 88.73 mm from the line AD or at a distance of 160 ~ 83.73 = 76.27 mm from line BC as shown in Fig. 9.15, ‘The load is unsymmetrical to X-X axis as well as Y-Y axis, Becentrcity of load about CX axis, ¢, = 50 mm 0mm Boventricity of load about V-¥ axis, ¢, = 88.73 ~ 60 = 23.73 mm Moment of excentrie load about X-X axis, M,=Pxe, 100 x 10" x 50 = 5 x 10° Nm. “o ‘Moment of eccentric load shout ¥-¥ axis, M,=Pxe, = 100 x 108 x 28.78 2.878 x 10° Nmm wa "Now find the moment of inertia of the section about X-X axis and ¥-¥ axis, Let Inq,= MOL of rectangle ABCD about X-K axis MOL of rectangle about its C.G. + Area of rectangle (Distance of C.G. of ABCD from XX axis)? 160 « 200" +160 x 200 (0) O.L ofthe hole about XX axis J «808 201 10" mt ‘The moment of morta ofthe section about X-K is given by Fug? Day ~ Lag L066 x 10% 2.01 x 10° 04.59 x 10° mnt i) Similevty, Ly Lon. —Loy, sav) whore ,,, = M.O.L. ff ABCD about Y-Y axis = MOLL of ABCD about its C.G. + A, (Distance of C.G. of ABCD from ¥-¥? 200260 59 5 00 12-8 60810" 448 308 6.08 «10 mnt tnd Igy MOE. ool abou ie MOM ele about ts C0, +A, Distance ofits 6. om YF 1 00 95 62.79 08 22.108 6288 108 oad 08 Hence uhatatng hes vale in oat eo, we ast 1, = 68705 «108-484 0108 2.85 0 mntSTRENGTH OF MATERIALS, DIRECT AND BENDING STRESSES 390 308 ‘The resultant stress at any point is obisined from equation (9.3. My.e My.y Recultant stress = Eee 2 Se 7 i CX and Y-Y as the su Ee sg gan ae ne ach Renan reese a ty Te 100000, 2.373 x 10° 88.73 _5 10° x 100 “p6973.5° — 09.805x10° “104.56 « 10° =8.707 + 3.111- 4.781 2.037 Nimm®, Ans. (Gi) At point B, x =~ 76.27 and y =~ 100 mmm. Hence resultant stress at 8, pM, x 7620 100) en Te de 100000 _2.973x 108 «76.27 _ 5108 x 100 = 360735” 63.865%10° 104.5610" = 8.707 ~ 2.883 - 4.781 == 3.907 Nimm?. Ans. (iii) At point C,x =~ 76.27 and y = 100 mm, Hence resultant stress at C, | M, x10 cen 5 = 8.107 - 2.633 + 4.781 = 5.655 Ninm®. Ans. (Go) At point D, x= 88.79 and y = 100 mm. Hence resultant stress at D, (88.73) | Mx 100 1, dy 07 + 3.111 + 4.781 = 11.599 Ninn? Ans. ‘ANGULAR SECTIONS , KERNEL OF 9.6, MIDDLE THIRD RULE FOR REC! SECTION] it ‘applied on ‘The cament concrete columns are steak in tension, [ence the load must be appl ‘those columns in such a way that there ia no tensile stress anywhere in the section. But when fan eccentric load is acting on a column, it produces direct stzess ae well ss bending stress. The ‘resultant stress at any point in the section is the algebraic sum of the direct stress and bending Consider a rectangular section of width ‘and depth ‘d’ as shown in Fig. 9.16. Lat this soc- tian is subjected to a load which is eccentric to the axis Y-¥. Let P= Becentrio load acting on the column Eecenticity ofthe load Ax Area of the section. ‘Then from equation (9.2), we have the ‘minimum stress as anne oy 18vo, then stress will be tensile. But fo, , i8 zero (or postive) then there willbe no tonsile Stress along the width of the column. Hence for no tensile stress along the width ofthe eslumn, B84) Ay Bnew (ant) 0 7 oe os the greatest eecentrety ofthe load is 2 from the axis Y-Y, Hence i the load is applied at any compet mesh ng hn wh hdc be apd a ut pode any Similarly, if the load had boon cccontric with respect to the axie X-X, the condition that tensile ateaae will not cocus fa when the eccentricity of the load with respect to thie asia XK areca sire dh Ifit is possible that the toad is likely tobe eceentvie about both the axis X-X and Y-Y, the condition that tensile stress will not occur fs when the load is applied anywhere within the d 1 the range within which the load may be applied is within the middle hombus ABCD whose diagonale axe AC as shown in Fig. 9.16. This figure b § and BD 3 ABCD within which the load may be applied anywhere so a8 not to produce tensile atrees in. ‘any part of tho ontive rectangular section, is called the Core or Kernel of the section. Hence tho kernel of the section is tho area within which the lino of action ofthe eocentri load P must cut400 STRENGTH OF MATERIALS the cross-section if the stress is not to become tensile in any pact of the entire rectangular section, Note, i} I direct stzee (9) 8 equal to bending stress (,) then the tnsit stress willbe nero Gi) IF tho direct strese (o) ia more than bending stress (o,), then the stress throughout the ‘sexton will be compressive ii) the nec stress (ois las than bending stress (o), then there will be tensile stress. (ie) Honce for no tele stress, og 6, 9.1. MIDDLE QUARTER RULE FOR CIRCULAR SECTIONS [i.e., KERNEL OF SECTION) Consider a civeular section of diameter ‘as shown in Fig. 9.17, Let this section is subjected to a load which is + fovontrie tothe axis YY Let P= Becentrie load ¢ = Bocentricity of the Joad A= Ares of the section = Td? Now direct stress, vw Moment, M=Pxe aahd oat Bending stress (0, i given by, ie Mime on May Ty ° T Maximum bending streas willbe when af fia Maximum bending stress is givon by, a 4(02)- Proxy. uPre my xd a [Now minimum stress is given by, nin ® %9~ _ 4P_32P xe “dt xa® For no tonsile stress, 42 0 4P _32P x0 a ad? ad® 20 or or 1 0.8) [ORECT AND BENOING STRESSES 401 ‘he severe shows thatthe cantly mat ethane ime htt cca ction ny eof cent ei, an ncn oul Ths fe not ao of tea thin te a ator ol ner fe sain circle as shown in Pig. 9.17, then the stress will be compressive throughout the ereular section 9.8. KERNEL OF HOLLOW CIRCULAR SECTION (OR VALUE OF ECCENTRICITY FOR HOLLOW CIRCULAR SECTION) Tot _D, = External diameter, and D, = Internal dicmetor P= Eccentric load ‘¢= Becontrieity of the load A= Area of section = pe-pA 1 = Moment det ascntscoad P= Pe = Seton modus 7 ner Svs =p ( “a aap, 1P.'- Pe Now direct stress (o,) i given by PB one 0 ‘The direct stress is compressive and uniform thioiighout the section. Bending stress (0) is given by Mice 73 on Pert & a (- f+) ‘Tho bonding struss may be tonsile or comprossivo. Tho resultant stress at any point is the algebraie sum of direct stress:and bending stress. There will be no tensile stress st any point if the bending stress is less than or equal to divect stress at that point.402 STRENGTH OF MATERIALS ‘Hence for no tonsile stress, Bending stress = Direct stress Substituting the values of o, and ©, from equations (i) and (i), we get M=Pxe) or {cancelling P to both sides) o oo) mtn fly -BP) 4a_ (D+ DED, ~ DP) Baad, (DD) ech weep 0m BD, ‘The above result shows that the eccentricity ‘e must be loss than or equal 10 (Dg + DA NGD,. It means that the load can be eoventeie, on any side of the centre of the tite, by!an antount equal to (D,? + D,y{BDp). Tres, if the line of ation of the load is within St edree of diameter equal to (D,! + D2VAD,), then tho siress willbe compressive throughout Dee De Diamoter of kemel = 22+?" Dy 9.9, KERNEL OF HOLLOW RECTANGULAR SECTION (OR VALUE OF BCCENT- RICITY FOR HOLLOW RECTANGULAR SECTION) Refer to Fig. 0.17 (a Let B= Outer with of rectangular section DREGT AND BENDING STRESSES 403 Similarly, For no tensile stress at any section, the value of «is given by equation (9.6) Z, 2 La 00k oe ge 2m ond 22 a [= bay “CDED- ed a =" BD DB - ab eB DB? —ab® (BD-bad ~ BBD — 6a} 1; means that the load can be eccentric on either side of the geometrical axis by an (BD? ~bd?) 4g DB eDED - bd“ BREBD-bA) Problem 9.13, Draw neat sketohes of hernel of the following cross-sections @) Rectangular section 200 mam x 800 mm (Gi) Hollow circular eylinder with external dia =300 mm and thickness = 50 mm (G80 Square with 400 em? Area, (Ghavnagar University, Feb, 1992) Sol. Given [200 mn — Rectangular Section 100 mm D=800m ! | i (9.8) and (98(4)) amount equal to along x-axis and y-axis respectively Value of 2'for no tensile strese along width 1s given by equation (2.4) a5 200 B_ 200 eG ape £9033 om - Hence take OA = OC = 93.83 em "The value of’ for no tonsile stress along the depth is given by, D_ 300 es 22 e100 Hence take OD = OB = 100 ema404 ‘STRENGTH OF MATERIALS ‘Now join A toB, Bto ©, CtaD and D (oA. The figure ABCD representa the kernel ofthe ‘given rectangular section ae chown in Fig. 9.18. i Kernel for Hollow Circular Section Given External dia, Thickness, Intemal die, For hollow eylindrieal section, for no tensile stress, the value of eis given by equation (9.7) as 1 ies Dy os apy OP +DP L . = peppy OP + 200) 1 = yypg (00000 + 40000) = 130000 54.16 mm 0 54.16 ‘Taking 0 ascentre and radius equal to 54.16mm (or dia, = 2% 54,16 = 108.32 moa) draw a eirelo. This circle ig the kernel of the hollow circular section of ex ternal dia, = 300 mim and internal dia = 200 mm, as shown in Fig, 9.38. (Git) Kernel for Square Section Given ‘Area ~ 400 em? One side of square = V400 = 20 em For no tansilostross, the value of efor the square ction is given by equation (9-4) as Side 20 28 tporD)s g 28i0em Honce take OA = OC = OB = OD = 883.cn Join ARCDA 2a shown in Fig. 9.20. Then ABCD is the kernel of given square section. Problem 9.14. Draw neot sketch of kernet ofa hollow rectangular section of outer eross- section 300 ram x 200 mam and inner eross-setion 150 ma x 100 mur. Sol. Given Outer rectangular section, B = 800 mm, D = 200 rom. Inner reetangular soction, b = 150 mm and d= L00 mm, For no tensile stxess the value of ¢ along x axis and along y-axis are given by equations (9.8) and (9.8 A) respectively. i RECT AND BENDING STRESSES 405 Using equation ©.8), we get eg (BD be") ** GOED ba) (600 200% — 150x100) __ 100% «(2400 ~ 150) 2001300 x 300 ~ 150 100) " 12.1009 <(6= 1.5) 2250 Gag <4b67 om Hence take OA = 06 = 41.67 mm in Fig. 8.21 Using equation (9.8 A), we got os (DBS — db3) ?” GBIBD = bd) “| i sto eng (200 x 800% ~ 100 x 1608) f-— 150 mm ——o} * 8006900» 200-150 x 100) j T __ 1006400 - 531.5) oh ok tet 6x dx 106-15 A+ OE BLS 5025 60 5m ? ia] * “ied a oho ty Hence take OD = OB = 62.6 mm in Fig 921 ' Now join A to B, BtoC,CtoDandD - tA. The figure ABCD represent the kernel of ig. 921 the given hollow rectangular section, HIGHLIGHTS ‘The axial load produces direct stress (,) 2 Recentrie lad produces dite seas as well as bonding stress (). 2. The maximum and minieeum stress at any polnt ina section which is subjected wo a load which is oxroniie o ¥-Y axis is givon by, rect stross + Bending stress “2le52) and nig = Ditect trees ~ Bonding streas For a rectangular section 221-588), ae nsetane ton (0-83) ane where P = Beconteic load As Area of section = Becenticty = Width of the section. I'¢,= op the tansle stress willbe zero across the section. H.9,> oj, there will be no tensile stross across the section, Be