DAY 6

Math24 (Differential Equations)

Ch 2.4 Differences Between Linear and

Nonlinear Equations
Bernoulli Equations (Page 68-78)

Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems, 10th edition, by

William E. Boyce and Richard C. DiPrima, ©2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Note: First part of the lecture pages 68-77 is recall of Calculus

FOUR CONDITIONS FOR LINEARITY
1. First degree in the dependent variable
2. First degree in all the derivatives of the dependent variable
3. No transcendental function of dependent variable
4. No product of the dependent and any of the derivatives
 Recall: Method of Integrating Factor (MIF)
Linear in y:
Form: dy + y P(x) dx = Q(x) dx
G.S.:  y   Q( x )dx where   e 
P ( x )dx

FOUR CONDITIONS FOR LINEARITY

1. First degree in the dependent variable
2. First degree in all the derivatives of the dependent variable
3. No transcendental function of dependent variable
4. No product of the dependent and any of the derivatives
 Recall: Method of Integrating Factor (MIF)
Linear in y:
Form: dy + y P(x) dx = Q(x) dx
G.S.:  y   Q( x )dx where   e 
P ( x )dx

Linear in x:
Form : dx + x P(y) dy = S(y) dy
G.S.:  x   S( y )dy where   e 
P ( y )dy

FOUR CONDITIONS FOR LINEARITY

1. First degree in the dependent variable
2. First degree in all the derivatives of the dependent variable
3. No transcendental function of dependent variable
4. No product of the dependent and any of the derivatives
 Linear in y:
Form: dy + y P(x) dx = Q(x) dx
G.S.:  y   Q( x )dx where   e 
P ( x )dx

Linear in x:
Form : dx + x P(y) dy = S(y) dy
G.S.:  x   S( y )dy where   e 
P ( y )dy

Standard Forms (Non-Linear – Bernoulli DE page 77):

dy + y P(x) dx = yn Q(x) dx ––––––– (1)
dx + x P(y) dy = xn S(y) dy ––––––– (2)

2 y2
28 / 78 t 2 y'2ty  y 3  0, t  0 ans : 1   cy 2t 4
5t
 Linear in y:
Form: dy + y P(x) dx = Q(x) dx

G.S.:  y   Q( x )dx where   e
P ( x )dx

Linear in x:
Form : dx + x P(y) dy = S(y) dy
G.S.:  x   S( y )dy where   e 
P ( y )dy

Standard Forms (Non-Linear – Bernoulli DE page 77):

dy + y P(x) dx = yn Q(x) dx ––––––– (1)
dx + x P(y) dy = xn S(y) dy ––––––– (2)

dy
R 4 / 88)  y  xy 3e 2 x ans : e2 x  y 2 ( x 2  c)
dx
Reference: Elementary Differential Equations by Rainville
pp 86 – 89 8th ed

Exercises: Find the general solution of the differential

equation.

6/88 xydx + (x2 – 3y)dy = 0

12/88 y’tanx sin2y = sin2x + cos2y

25/89 (y4 –2xy)dx + 3x2dy = 0 , when x =2, y = 1

 DAY 6
Math24 (Differential Equations)

Ch 2.4 Differences Between Linear and

Nonlinear Equations
Bernoulli Equations (Page 68-78)

Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems, 10th edition, by

William E. Boyce and Richard C. DiPrima, ©2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.