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Part 2 - Meteorology PDF
Part 2 - Meteorology PDF
Part 2 - Meteorology PDF
HYDROLOGY
PART 2:
METEOROLOGY
DELIVERED BY:
0.0065K/m
ATMOSPHERIC
PARAMETERS
●
The atmospheric pressure is computed using the
equation:
g
T
P 2=P 1
( )
T1
2 αR
P 2=ρ RT
●
Another important parameter to be learned is
saturation vapor pressure es which is computed using
the following formula
17.27 T
237.3+T
e s =611 e
where es is in N/m2 and T is in Celsius
ATMOSPHERIC
PARAMETERS
●
Another way to compute for the saturation vapor
pressure is from this empirical equations
e s =0.0446−0.0064|1.8 T +48|+33.864(0.00738 T +0.8072)8
es is in millibars
T is in 0C
LH=597.3−0.564T
Where:
LH = Latent Heat g/cal
T = Temperature 0C
This equation is good up to 400C
HUMIDITY
●
Humidity generally indicates the amount of moisture
present in the atmosphere
●
Absolute humidity is the mass of water vapor present
at air and it is expressed in g/m3.
●
Since atmosphere is mostly unsaturated, humidity is
best expressed in terms of relative humidity the
empirical formula of which is
e
RH=100
es
Where
RH is relative humidity (%)
e is vapor pressure
es is saturation vapor pressure
HUMIDITY
●
Humidity is also computed using this empirical
equation
8
RH=100
[ 112−0.1 T +T D
112+0.9T ]
Where:
RH is relative humidity
T is air temperature
TD is dew point temperature
HUMIDITY
●
Dew point temperature is the temp. which the air
cannot “hold” the water vapor that is mixed in the air.
This means that some of the water vapor will condense
into liquid. It usually lower than or equal to the air
temperature
●
A dew point temperature of 600F (160C) or lower is
generally considered to be comfortable.
●
A relative humidity of 100% means that the air temp.
T is equal to the dew point temperature TD
EXAMPLE
Calculate the relative humidity and the latent heat
given the following:
T = 330C
TD = 180C
EXAMPLE
SOLUTIONS
TYPES OF CLOUDS
●
Another aspect of meteorology that will be considered
is the type of clouds. The following general types of
clouds are:
– Cirrus (Ci)
– Cirrostratus (Cs)
– Cirrocumulus (Cc)
TYPES OF CLOUDS
●
Another aspect of meteorology that will be considered
is the type of clouds. The following general types of
clouds are:
– Altostratus (As)
– Altocumulus (Ac)
– Stratus (St)
TYPES OF CLOUDS
●
Another aspect of meteorology that will be considered
is the type of clouds. The following general types of
clouds are:
– Stratocumulus (Sc)
– Nimbostratus (Ns)
– Cumulus (Cu)
TYPES OF CLOUDS
●
Another aspect of meteorology that will be considered
is the type of clouds. The following general types of
clouds are:
– Cumulonimbus (Cb)
●
Clouds are formed when condensing water vapor
freezes to form ice crystals. These ice crystals are so
small and light that it can be carried up by
prevailing winds and causing it to merge with
other ice crystals until it becomes too heavy and
will fall as precipitation
TYPES OF CLOUDS
●
If the atmospheric temperature is very low, the ice
crystals will retain its shape and form and falls as
SNOW
TYPES OF CLOUDS
●
If the atmospheric temperature is above freezing, the
crystals will melt and fall down as RAIN
TYPES OF CLOUDS
●
If the wind speed in the area is very strong as seen by
along cold/warm fronts, the ice crystals will be tossed
up and down the atmosphere and will consolidate into
large chunks of ice called HAIL