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Design and Comparison of Flat Slab According To IS 456-2000 and ACI 318-08
Design and Comparison of Flat Slab According To IS 456-2000 and ACI 318-08
SEMINAR REPORT ON
(ID-11001063)
GUIDED BY
Dr. K. N. KADAM
2014-2015
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the seminar Report entitled “DESIGN AND
COMPARISION OF FLAT SLAB USING IS 456-2000 AND ACI 318-08 ” submitted
by TUSHAR MANOJ MADAMWAR under my supervision and guidance as a record of
the work carried outrby him, is accepted as the seminar report submission. It is submitted in
the partial fulfillment of the prescribed syllabus of Final Year Civil Engineering in
Government College of Engineering, Amravati For the academic year 2014 - 2015
Date :
Amravati Amravati
DECLARATION
FLAT SLAB USING IS 456-2000 AND ACI 318-08 ” has been exclusively carried out
and written by me under the guidance of Dr. K. N. Kadam , Assistant Professor, Department
Seminar. This work has not been previously formed the basis for the award of any degree or
diploma or certificate nor has been submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree or
diploma.
Date: (11001063)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives me great pleasure in bringing out the seminar entitled " DESIGN AND
my deep sense of gratitude and sincere regards to my respected guide Dr. K. N. Kadam.
Her timely guidance and friendly discussion had helped me immensely in selecting this
providing all facilities at the right period of time and for allowing me to deliver this
seminar.
Last but not least, this acknowledgement would be incomplete without any
rendering impartial gratitude to all those person who have helped me directly or
(11001063)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter No. Title of Content Page No
Certificate
Declaration
Acknowledgement
Table of contents
List of figures and tables
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Basic definition of flat slab
1.2 Components of flat slab
2 Advantages of flat slab
3 DESIGN OF FLAT SLAB USING IS 456-2000
3.1 components of flat slab design
3.2 Division into column and middle strip
along:
3.3 Drops
3.4 column Heads
3.5 Depth of flat slab
3.6 Estimation of load acting on slab
3.7 Total design moment on span
3.8 Negative and positive design moments
3.9 Effective depth of slab
3.10 Thickness of drop from maximum –ve
moment consideration
3.11 Shear in Flat Slab
4 DESIGN OF FLAT SLAB USING ACI 318-08
4.1 Drop of flat slabs
4.2 Thickness of the slab
4.3 Design strips
4.4 column head
4.5 Total factored static moment for a span
4.6 Shear provisions
4.7 Numerical Example
5 RESULTS-CODAL COMPARISIONS
6 CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. No Name of figure Page No
1.1 Flat slab with drop panel & column head
1.2 conventional and beam free slab
LIST OF TABLES
ABSTRACT
Flat slabs system of construction is one in which the beams used in the
conventional methods of constructions are done away with. The slab directly rests on the
column and load from the slab is directly transferred to the columns and then to the
foundation. To support heavy loads the thickness of slab near the support with the
column is increased and these are called drops, or columns are generally provided with
enlarged heads called column heads or capitals. Absence of beam gives a plain ceiling,
thus giving better architectural appearance and also less vulnerability in case of fire than
in usual cases where beams are used.
Plain ceiling diffuses light better, easier to construct and requires cheaper form
work. As per local conditions and availability of materials different countries have
adopted different methods for design of flat slabs and given their guidelines in their
respective codes. The aim of this seminar is to try and illustrate the methods used for flat
slab design using ACI-318 and IS: 456 design codes.
For carrying out this project an interior panel of a flat slab with dimensions 6.6 x 5.6 m
and super imposed load 7.75 kN /m2 was designed using the codes given above.
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Fig. 1.1 Flat slab with drop panel & column head
CHAPTER 2
ADVANTAGES OF FLAT SLAB
i. Flexibility in room layout: Flat slabs allows to introduce partition walls anywhere
required, it allows the choice of omittion of false ceiling and finished soffit of slab
with skim coating.It also allows the owner to change the size of room layout.
ii. Saving in building height: Lower storey height will reduce building weight due to
lower partitions and cladding resulting in reduction of foundation load.
Approximately saves 10% in vertical members. (refer Fig no 1.2)
iii. Shorter construction time: Flat plates design facilitates the use of the big table
formwork to increase productivity.
iv. Ease of installation of M & E services: All M & E services can be mounted
directly on the underside of the slab instead of bending them to avoid the beams.
Avoid hacking through beams
v. Pre-fabricated welded mesh: Pre-fabricated welded mesh are available in standard
sizes, these mesh minimizes the installation time & helps in better quality control.
Chapter 3
Literature review
CHAPTER 3
The term flat slab means a reinforced concrete slab with or without drops,
supported generally without beams, by columns with or without flared column heads (see
Fig. 1.1). A flat slab may be solid slab or may have recesses formed on the soffit so that
the soffit comprises a series of ribs in two directions. The recesses may be formed by
removable or permanent filler blocks.
3.1 Components of flat slab design:
a) Column strip : Column strip means a design strip having a width of 0.25 l2, but not
greater than 0.25l1, on each side of the column centre-line, where l 2 is the span in the
direction moments are being determined, measured centre to centre of supports and l 1 is
the span transverse to l2, measured centre to centre of supports.
b) Middle strip :Middle strip means a design strip bounded on each of its opposite sides
by the column strip.
c) Panel: Panel means that part of a slab bounded on-each of its four sides by the centre
-line of a column or centre-lines of adjacent-spans.
1.4 m 1.4 m
C.S 3.8 m
M.S 2.8 m
M.S
5.6 m 6.6 m
Fig no.Dimensions of slab along longer and shorter span
3.3 Drops
As per clause 31.2.2 of IS 456-2000, the drops when provided shall be rectangular in plan
and have a length in each direction not less than one- third of the panel length in that
direction. For exterior panels, the width of drops at right angles to the non- continuous
edge and measured from the centre -line of the columns shall be equal to one –half the
width of drop for interior panels.
Since the span is large it is desirable to provide drop
As per clause 31.2.3 of IS 456-2000, where column heads are provided, that portion of a
column head which lies within the largest right circular cone or pyramid that has a vertex
angle of 90 0and can be included entirely within the outlines of the column and the
column head, shall be considered for design purposes.
Design live load shall not exceed three times the design dead load.
Wl 7.75
Check=: = =1.006< 3 OK
Wd 7.7
Mo=total moment
ln = clear span extending from face to face of columns, capitals, brackets or walls, but not
less than 0.65 l1
l1 = length of span in the direction of Mo .
l2 = length of span transverse to l1 .
Circular supports shall be treated as square supports having the same area.
Equivalent side of the column head having the same area:
π 2 π 2
A= d = ( 1.3 )=1.152 m
4 4
1 1
Clear span along long span =ln =6.6- (1.152)- (1.152)=5.448 >4.29
2 2
1 1
Clear span along long span =ln =5.6- (1.152)- (1.152)=4.44 >3.64
2 2
Table 3.5 The absolute sum of negative and positive moment in a panel
0.1
0.75−
Interior negative design moment: 1
1+
ac
0.28
0.63−
Positive design moment: 1
1+
ac
0.65
Exterior negative design moment: 1+ 1
ac
ac Is the ratio of flexural stiffness of the exterior columns to the flexural stiffness of the
slab at a joint taken in the direction moments are being determined and is given by:
kc
ac= k
s
acmin¿ 0.7
ac¿ acmin ok
Hence the correction for pattern loading in the direction of short span is not required.
3.9 Distrubution Of Bending Moment Across The Panel Width
As per clause 31.4.3.3 of IS 456-2000,
In an exterior panel.
Longer span
1.column strip
−0.65 Mo −0.65 ×320.99
Negative B.M at exterior support = 1+ 1
ac
× 1=
[
] [ ] 1+
1
1.39
=−121.34 kN m
0.28 0.28
Positive span BM =
[ 0.63−
1+
1
ac] [ ]
× M o ×0.6= 0.63−
1+
1
1.39
×320.99 × 0.6=90 kNm
0.1
Negative span BM at interior support =
[ ] − 0.75−
1+
1
ac
× M o × 0.75
0.1
[
¿− 0.75−
1+
1
ac ]
×320.99 × 0.75=¿
-166.5 kNm
2.Middle Strip
−0.65 Mo
Negative BM at exterior support = 1+ 1
ac [
× 0.0 ≡0 kNm
]
0.28 0.28
Positive span BM =
[ 0.63−
1+
1
ac] [
× M o ×0.4= 0.63−
1+
1
1.39 ]
× 320.99× 0.4=¿
59.96 kNm
Negative BM at interior support =
0.1 0.1
[
− 0.75−
1+
1
ac ]
× M O × 0.25=− 0.75−
1+ [
1
1.39 ]
×320.99 ×0.25=−55.50 kNm
136.36 ×106
d=
√ 0.138× 20× 2800
( M 20 grade concrete )
d=132.83 mm ≅ 140 mm
Using 12 mm ∅ (diameter) main bars.
12
Overall thickness of slab =140+¿15+ =¿161 mm ≅170 mm
2
12
Depth (along longitudinal direction) =170-15- =150mm
2
Depth (along longitudinal direction) = 150-12=138mm
3.11 Thickness of drop from maximum negative moment consideration
Thickness of drop from consideration of maximum –ve moment anywhere in the panel.
Max negative BM occurs in the column strip = 166.6 KNm
Mu=fckbd2
1.5×166.6 × 106=0.138×20 × 1400× d 2
d=254.3mm
Say 260 mm. Use 12 mm ∅ bars
12
Over all thickness of flat slab:D=260+15+ 2 =281mm
CHAPTER 4
ln
Depth of the slab from deflection criteria = (the yield strees fyi=60,000psi,
36
≅ 415 N /mm2
ln=Clear span ln shall extend from face to face of columns, capitals, brackets, or walls.
Value of ln shall not be less than 0.65 l1 . Circular or regular polygon shaped supports
shall be treated as square supports with the same area.
l2=When the span adjacent and parallel to an edge is being considered, the distance from
edge to panel centerline shall be substituted for l2 .
In an interior span, total static moment Mo shall be distributed as follows:
Negative factored moment .................................0.65
Positive factored moment ...................................0.35
Negative moment sections shall be designed to resist the larger of the two interior
negative factored moments determined for spans framing into a common support unless
an analysis is made to distribute the unbalanced moment in accordance with stiff nesses
of adjoining elements. Edge beams or edges of slab shall be proportioned to resist in
torsion their share of exterior negative factored moments
Factored moments in middle strips:(13.6.6.3)
That portion of negative and positive factored moments not resisted by column
strips shall be proportionately assigned to corresponding half middle strips.
Each middle strip shall be proportioned to resist the sum of the moments assigned to its
two half middle strips.
A middle strip adjacent to and parallel with an edge supported by a wall shall be
proportioned to resist twice the moment assigned to the half middle strip corresponding
to the first row of interior supports.
Factored moments in column strips: (13.6.4)
Column strips shall be proportioned to resist the following portions in percent of
exterior negative factored moments:
Table 4.2
Column strips shall be proportioned to resist the following portions in percent of exterior
negative factored moments:
Tables 4.3
W u l 2 l n2
less than that required by Mo=
8
4.6 Shear provision(punching shear): (13.6.8)
Two-way action where each of the critical sections to be investigated shall be
located so that its perimeter bo is a minimum but need not approach closer than d / 2 to
(a) Edges or corners of columns, concentrated loads, or reaction areas, or
(b) Changes in slab thickness such as edges of capitals or drop panels.
Nominal shear strength of concrete:
For flat slabs Vc =nominal shear strength of concrete Vc Shall be smallest of the
following: [Where βc is the ratio of long side to short side of the column, concentrated
load or reaction area and where as is 40 for interior columns, 30 for edge columns,20 for
corner columns]
4
( )√ f b d
Vc== 2+ β
c
c
'
o
ad
(
Vc== 2+ b
s
0
)√ '
f c bo d
Vc=4√ f c' bo d
4.7 Numerical example:
consider the slab to be designed with drop’s
ln
Depth of the slab from deflection criteria =
36
Minimum depth of slab
16.76× 12 14.22 ×12
=max( , )
36 36
=max(5.58in,4.74in)
=5.58in
6 in > 4 in (for slabs with drop panels)
Providing a slab of thickness 6 in or 152.4 mm.
Density of concrete =150 lb/f t3
6
Dead load on the slab = ×150=75 psf =3.6 kN /m 3
12
Live load on the slab = 161.80 psf = 7.75 kN /m2
Design load on the slab = (1.2 x 7.5 + 1.6 x 161.80)
= 348.88 350 psf
= 16. 765 kN /m2
For short span direction, the total static design moment :
350
Mo= × 17.76× 14.222=148.26ft-kips=201.04kNm
8 ×1000
This is distributed as follows :
Negative design moment = 148.06 x 0.65 = 96.24 ft -kips = 130.50 kNm
Positive design moment = 148.06 x 0.35 = 51.891 ft -kips = 70.36 kNm
14.22
The column strip has a width of 2 x2× =7.11 ft =180.59 mm
4
l 2 16.76
With = =1.17 ; a1 =0 (no beams)
l 1 14.22
Bending moment for column strip:
Negative moment for column strip = 75 % of total negative moment in the panel
= 0.75 x 96.24 = 72.18 ft -kips = 97.88 kNm
Positive moment for column strip = 60 % of total positive moment in the panel.
= 0.60 x 51.891 = 31.135 ft -kips = 42.21 kNm
( 1.174 ) ×32968.64=178650.57 lb
(a) Vc== 2+
40 × 6
(b) V ==( 2+
4 × 21.72 )
c ×32968.64=157010.87 lb
Reinforcement detail
Depth=6 ft,Width=16.76 ft
Minimum area of steel required = 0.0018 x gross area of concrete
(for control of temperature & shrinkage cracking)
2.17
=0.0018×6 × 16.76= =0.1818 ¿ 2
12
0.1808
In 14.22 ft direction,Pmin= =0.00211
6 ×14.22
0.1808
In 16.76 ft direction,Pmin= =0.0017
6 ×16.76
pf Mu Mu
(
R=pfy 1−0.588
fc )
' psi or R= 2
=
∅ b d b(324)
CHAPTER 5
RESULTS-CODAL COMPARISIONS
CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSIONS
1. By comparing with different codes we concluded that ACI 318 code
is more effective in designing of flat slabs.
2. As per Indian code we are using cube strength but in international
standards cylindered are used which gives higher strength than cube.
3. Drops are important criteria in increasing the shear strength of the
slab.
4. Enhance resistance to punching failure at the junction of concrete
slab & column.
5. By incorporating heads in slab, we are increasing rigidity of slab.
6. In the interior span, the total design moments (Mo) are same for IS
456-2000 & ACI 318-08.
7. The negative moment’s section shall be designed to resist the larger
of the two interior negative design moments for the span framing into
common supports.
8. According to Indian standard (IS 456) for RCC code has
recommended characteristic strength of concrete as 20, 25, and 30
and above 30 for high strength concrete. For design purpose strength
of concrete is taken as 2/3 of actual strength this is to compensate the
difference between cube strength and actual strength of concrete in
structure. After that we apply factor of safety of 1.5. So in practice
Indian standard actually uses 46% of total concrete characteristic
strength. While in International practice is to take 85% of total
strength achieved by test and then apply factor of safety which is
same as Indian standard. So in actual they use 57% of total strength.
9. Pre fabricated sections to be integrated into the design for ease of
construction.
CHAPTER 7
REFERENCES
1. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, “IS 456:2000, Plain and Reinforced
Concrete - Code of Practice”, Fourth Revision, July (2000).
2. American Concrete Institute, “ACI 318-08, Building Code Requirements for
Structural Concrete and Commentary”, January (2008).
3. Dr. V. L. Shaha & Dr. S. R. Karve “Limit State Theory and Design of
Reinforced Concrete” Sixth edition
4. Amit A. Sathwane , R. S. Deoalate (IJERA)“Analysis and Design of Flat Slab and
Grid Slab and Their cost omparision”