02238020/CAPE/KMS 2018

C A R I B B E A N E X A M I N A T I O N S C O U N C I L

CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATIONS®

PHYSICS

UNIT 2 – PAPER 02

KEY AND MARK SCHEME

MAY/JUNE 2018
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02238020/CAPE/KMS 2018

PHYSICS
UNIT 2 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

Question 1

Specific Objectives: 1.6, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3

KC UK XS

(a) R/Ω × 103 T/K ln R

1.1 298 7.00

0.8 304 6.68
0.6 312 6.40
2
0.4 323 5.99
0.2 345 5.30
0.1 371 4.61

All 6 correct entries, 2 UK; -1 UK for EACH incorrect entry

(b) Graph Scale (1)

Axes/Label (1)
4
All plots correct (1)
Line of best fit (1)

(c) Taking natural logs of given equation

1
lnR = lnR0 - βT

Hence slope of graph is equal to –β 1

7.0 - 4.2
Thus - β = = 0.04 1 1
310 - 280

(d) Device is a thermistor 1

Reason: Given characteristic equation is that of a thermistor 1
Negative temperature coefficient

(e) Differences
Exponential rather than linear R-T characteristic 1
Much larger temperature coefficient of resistance 1
Metals have a positive temperature coefficient of resistance 1

Total 15 marks 3 7 5
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PHYSICS
UNIT 2 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

Question 1 continued
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PHYSICS
UNIT 2 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

Question 2

Specific Objectives: 3.1, 3.2

KC UK XS

(a) LDR – Light Dependent Resistor (1)

Makes use of photoelectric effect. (1)

Strip of metal foil in zigzag pattern inside evacuated glass 4
envelope. (1)
Illumination generates photoelectrons which can take shortcut
to neighbouring strip and hence add to current. (1)

(b) 2
Resistance R/Ω Luminous Intensity Iv/cd log10R log10I
1.0 x 102 1.0 x 104 2.0 4.0
8.0 x 10 2 1.0 x 103 2.9 3.0
4.0 x 103 1.0 x 102 3.6 2.0
2.0 x 10 4 1.0 x 101 4.3 1.0
1.0 x 105 1.0 x 100 5.0 0.0
1 mark for each correct column

(c) Graph Scale (1)

Axes/Label (1)
4
All points plotted accurately (1)
Line of best fit (1)

(d) where I = 200 log10I = 2.3 1

corresponding R given by log10R = 3.35 1
R = 2.24 kΩ 1

(e) R
Voltage divider: kΩ 10 V = 7.5 V (1)
R + 2.24 2

R = 6.72 kΩ (1)

Total 15 marks 4 6 5
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PHYSICS
UNIT 2 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

Question 2 continued

Graph for 2 (c)

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PHYSICS
UNIT 2 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

Question 3

Specific Objectives: 4.1, 4.2, 4.10

KC UK XS

(a) (i) N = N0exp (-λt) (1)

1
(ii) λ is the decay constant (1)
unit of λ is s-1 (1)
2
(reciprocal of whatever unit t is quoted in)

(b) (i) Graph Scale/Axes/Label (1)

Plot (1) 3
Smooth curve (1)

(ii) Draw proper tangent

(must touch but not cut the curve) 1

(iii) Point of intersection is at t = 45 mins

1

(c) Half-life = 0.69 x 45 mins = 31 mins 1

(d) Half-life from graph where N = 86 is 29 minutes

1 1
Random error in count rate
Inherent inaccuracy in graphical method

(e) Average half-life = 0.5(31.1 + 29.0) = 30.0 minutes 1

(accept either or average of the two values obtained)
Four hours = 8 half-lives 1
Fraction remaining = 1/28 = 1/256 1
Quantity remaining = 50/256 gms = 0.2 gms 1

Total 15 marks 3 6 6
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PHYSICS
UNIT 2 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

Question 3 continued

Graph for 3 (b) (i)

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PHYSICS
UNIT 2 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

Question 4

Specific Objectives: 3.4, 3.12, 3.13

KC UK XS
(a) (i) Lightning initial conditions and destructive nature

 electrostatic field between a charged cloud and the

ground or between oppositely charged clouds(1). 1
OR
 Intense electric field in the atmosphere exceeding the
breakdown strength of air(1).

 Massive/immense/prodigious/astronomical/ current and the

heat generated can do serious damage to natural
structures such as large trees and man made structures on
the ground and human beings and animals.(1)
1
(ii) Breakdown
Definition
 Breakdown occurs when current is made to flow in a
normally non-conducting gas by the application of a very
strong electric field(1)
OR
Free electrons in a gas accelerated by electric field 1
causing ionization and leading to a current avalanche.

Condition
 Breakdown or ionization of the air occurs in regions of
intense electric field(1).

 Excess free electrons artificially introduced into a gas

by thermionic emitter or pre-heating or moisture(1). 1

1 mark for definition and 1 mark for ONE condition

(iii) Action of lightning rod

STRUCTURE
 Sharp pointed
 copper rods placed
 atop the highest points on a structure connected to a 1
 low resistance conductor buried in the ground (1).
(any two)
FUNCTION
 Provide the path of least electrical resistance for the
current and so the discharge is
 preferentially attracted to them thus leading the 1
current harmlessly to ground thereby protecting
infrastructure humans and animals.(1)
 Sharp points provide strong e-field to initiate lightning
1
current(1).

1 mark for description of property

2 marks for explanation of functions.
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PHYSICS
UNIT 2 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

Question 4 continued

Graph for 4 (b)

KC UK XS

Figure 5
2
1 UK mark for force F6 correctly drawn
1 UK mark for force F18 correctly drawn
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PHYSICS
UNIT 2 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

Question 4 (continued)

KC UK XS

(c) 6μc 10μc 1

F6 = × (1) 3
36 4 ε0

60 × 10-12
= × 9 × 109
362

= 15 × 10-3 N (1)

180 × 10-12
F18 = × 9 × 109
100

= 16.2 × 10-3 N 1

(d) -F18cosθ + F6 = Fvertical 1

3
-16.2 × 10-3 × 0.6 + 15 × 10-3 = Fvertical 1
=  5.28 × 10-3 N 1

Total 15 marks 7 8 -
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PHYSICS
UNIT 2 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

Question 5

Specific Objectives: 4.2, 4.11

KC UK XS

(a) Ideal Op-Amp Real Op-Amp

Property
Gain Infinite 106 - 108
Input Impedance Infinite 106 - 1012 Ω 6
Output Impedance Zero 10 - 100 Ω
Bandwidth Infinite 10 Hz
2 marks EACH for any THREE differences stated

(b) (i) Diagram: correct maximum (1) and minimum (1)

3
Inversion (1)
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PHYSICS
UNIT 2 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

Question 5 (continued)

KC UK XS

(ii) Diagram: recognizing saturation (1)

Correct saturation voltage (1)
Correct time at which saturation starts 4
(1)
Correct time at which saturation ends(1)

(c Voltage is zero at Pin 2. 1

) Pin 2 is a virtual earth.
OR
Op-Amp must have zero volts across i/p because of infinite gain and the
other input is at zero volts. 1

Total 15 marks 7 8 -
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PHYSICS
UNIT 2 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

Question 6

Specific Objectives: 1.2, 1.5, 1.6

KC UK XS

(a) Photoelectric emission

Light incident on a metal surface (1)
Electrons ejected (1) 3
Provided that light photons have a certain minimum energy/
maximum wavelength/Minimum frequency (1)

(b) (i) Work function – Minimum energy required to eject an

electron from metal surface (1)
3
Specific to a given metal (1)
Usually quoted in eV(or Joules) (1)

(ii) Cutoff wavelength – maximum wavelength which incident

light must have in order to eject electrons from a 2
metal (1) surface Unit: nanometers (1)

(i) 1 2
hf =  + mv max (1)
2
c 1 2
h =  + mv max
λ 2 (1)

4
2  1 2hc 2Φ  (1)
Re-arranging v max = - 
m λ m 

1  2hc  (1)
v max =  - 2Φ 
m λ 

(ii)  2 × 6.63 × 10-34 × 3 × 108 2 × 5.5 × 1.6 × 10-19 

2
v max =  -31 -7
- -31  1
 9.11 × 10 × 10 9.11 × 10 

12 12
= 4.37×10 -0.19×10 1

12
v max = 4.18 × 10

6 -1 1
= 2.04 × 10 m s

Total 15 marks 8 7 -