IOT BASED MONITORING

GARBAGE AND SYSTEM

STREET LIGHT
Abstract: India is a historical country filled with beauty and polluted. The performance of the drivers is not notified so that
serenity and is well known as “Incredible India”. In this rich there is no quick response to urgent cases. There is no quick
country, there are other factors coming into the spotlight other way to response to client's complaints about uncollected waste .
than its beauty. India is immensely suffering from poor hygiene The system is time consuming and less effective. There is no
and overflowing garbage. This project is an attempt made to reduce timely disposal of garbage and the garbage bins may overflow.
the overflowing garbage bins and its efficient monitoring using IoT Street lights do not meet standards of reliability and power
as technology. Dustbins are connected to sensors to get real time consumption factors. It requires manual turning off/on of street
information of the bins. Street lights are the major requirement for lights. The dustbins have to be interfaced with microcontroller
safety purposes and avoiding accidents during night. In this
based system having sensors along with a central system
project, we have designed an automatic street light control system
using a simple light dependant resistor. Smart alert mechanism is
showing current status of garbage. The need for manual
also introduced to monitor the failure of any connected working operation of the street lights has to be eliminated and much
components. energy is to be saved. The main aim of this project is to reduce
human resources and efforts along with the enhancement of a
Keywords—Ultrasonic sensor, GSM module, Renesas Smart City‟ vision.
Microcontroller, LDR
III. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
I. INTRODUCTION The system is composed of Renesas microcontroller
Things (embedded devices) that are connected to internet RL78/G13, Ultrasonic sensor, Global System for Mobiles
can be controlled from the internet is commonly called IoT. (GSM) module, Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), Relay switch
Garbage consists of waste material left over from and LCD display. The microcontroller forms the control unit of
manufacturing process like industrial, commercial, mining or the entire project. Embedded within the microcontroller is a
agricultural operations or from community and household program that helps the microcontroller to take action based on
activities. Waste disposals in chemical industries, hospitals and the inputs provided by the output of the sensors. The
many other fields require timely and safe disposals since they architecture is shown in fig 1.
contain substances which are harmful to the environment when
stagnated over time. India generates about 60 million tons of
trash every year. 10 million tons of garbage is generated in just
the metropolitan cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore and
Kolkata . This project is related to the „Smart City‟ vision
based on Internet of Things (IOT). So for smart lifestyle,
cleanliness is needed, and cleanliness is begins with garbage
bin. This project will help to minimize the garbage disposal
problem. Street light is the supreme part of the deliberate asset
base for cities, municipalities, and large enterprises. But it‟s
considered asset that costs money, especially in its energy
usage and in maintenance. Smart Street light controls that make
it easy and affordable for lighting owners to increase the
efficiency, safety, and versatility of their municipal and
commercial lighting systems. This project gives solution to
minimize power consumption and enables management of
individual lights. By monitoring environmental conditions,
such as light, this system can optimize energy consumption for
each street light..
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT
In the conventional approach, a number of trucks from the
Fig 1: Block diagram representing the architecture of the
municipal authority are sent to the waste bins to collect the
Garbage & Streetlight monitoring.
waste. There is no information about the collecting time and
area. Lack of proper monitoring system for tracking all
activities related to waste management makes the society
 IV. METHODOLOGY

a) a) Ultrasonic sensor: The construction of the system

includes Ultrasonic sensor [7] placed inside the dustbin door
that senses level of garbage dumped on it. When it reaches a
threshold level, this information is given to the
microcontroller.
b) GSM: SIM900A GSM module is used in this system. A GSM
module provides the status of the dustbin whether it is full via
a message to the garbage truck driver/municipal offi ce
concerned person.
c) Renesas microcontroller RL 78/G13: The microcontroller
fetches information from the sensors and processes it. It then
converts the analogue signal to digital format.
d) Power Supply: A power supply of 12 volts DC voltage is
given (3v for microcontroller, 4v for GSM module and 5v for
the relay).
e) Relay: A transistor switching a 5V Relay is deplored to
provide the switching mechanism to activate the street lights.
A relay is usually an electromechanical device that is actuated
by an electrical current. The current flowing in one circuit
causes the opening or closing of another circuit. Relays are
like remote control switches that are used in many
applications because of their relative simplicity, long life, and
proven high reliability.
f) Light Dependent Resistor: In automatic street light system,
LDR is used. During the day, the LDR senses enough
illumination and the street light goes OFF. And when The garbage bins are equipped with sensors that sense
darkness comes, resistance of the LDR increases
the level of the bin which is shown in fig 3. The sensor
tremendously and causes the light to switch “ON‟. This
sends signal to the controller when it senses any obstacle
mechanism is shown in fig 2. An LDR is a light-controlled
within its range of around 15 cm (the bin is full).
variable resistor. The resistance of an LDR sensor functions
Controller alerts the GSM module to send message to the
against resistance and light intensity decreases with
increasing incident light intensity; in othe r words, it exhibits admin saying that the bin is full. The admin receives
photoconductivity. An LDR can be applied in light-sensitive message along with the bin‟s location. This message is
detector circuits and light and dark activated switching forwarded to the nearby driver by the admin. The location
circuit. of the bin is obtained using Google map API which is
shown in fig 4.

V. IMPLEMENTATION
a) Device initialization ALCD_Init( ); R_SAU0_Create( );
R_UART1_Start( ); R_ADC_Create( ); GSM_Init( ); Initialize
the alpha numeric LCD display and the GSM module. Create
the Signalling Access Unit, Analog to Digital Converter and
start the Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter.
b) Ultrasonic Sensor if((Ultrasonic_Sensor ==
1)&&(Vol_Flag == 1)) 56 If the sensor has sensed any
obstacle, the volume flag is set to 1 and corresponding
GPS_send_flag is set to send the location of the bin.
c) GSM Transmit Array
GSM_Tx_Arr[31]="LA000000000LG000000000 #V0W0@";
The GSM_Tx_Arr[31] is an unsigned character array that is
declared globally. This GSM transmit array stores the latitude
longitude values which are pre initialized to 0.
GSM_Tx_Arr[24] = '1'; When the sensor has sensed the object
in the garbage bin, the corresponding array position is
updated. „V1‟ in the array indicates volume is 1.
d) GPS Receive Function GPS_Rx( ); This is the GPS receive
function that will receive the bin‟s position.
GSM_Tx_Arr[i+2] = Latitude_Arr[i]; GSM_Tx_Arr[i+13] =
Longitude_Arr[i]; The receive function receives the position
in terms of latitude and longitude format. This value has to be
copied to the GSM transmit array.
e) GSM module GSM_Send_SMS(Mb_Num1,GSM_Tx_Arr);
Send the GSM transmit array which contains the position of
the bin as a message to the registered mobile number.
f) Location Detection Intent sendLocationToMap = new Intent
(Intent.ACTION_VIEW,Uri.parse (geoCode)); The location
received in the android application is then sent to the Google
maps for real time tracking of the dustbin.
VI. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
The following are the snapshots obtained after the
implementation of the proposed system
VII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK:
The objective of the project was to develop an automated
system using a micro-controller based embedded system
integrated with GSM technology. An embedded based
intelligent alert system is devised for the proper monitoring
and maintenance of the garbage. This system averts the
irregular cleaning of the dustbins by sending alerts to the
concerned individual at regular intervals. A proposal of an
automatic street lighting system is described that integrates
new technologies, offering ease of maintenance and energy
savings. Thus, the garbage collection is made more efficient
and street lights automatic monitoring is achieved. The waste
management system can be further enhanced by making
optimal route for the truck which collects garbage. Each
dustbin in a particular area can be attached with sensors, the
truck acts as a host. When a truck arrives, , the driver may
receive status of all the bins in that area. Thereby he collects
waste only from the bins that are full. In the street lighting
system, the automatic dimming of the lights during midnight
can be implemented. The light poles can be equipped with
sensors, so that the light will be ON only when it detects any
obstacle during night. This makes the streetlight management
avoids human intervention
REFERENCES
[1]. Abhay Shankar Bharadwaj, RainerRego, Anirban
Chowdhury, “IoT Based Solid Waste Management System”,
Device Design Engineer, R&D Department, Cloud Design
Engineer, R&D Department
[2]. SindhyaK.Nambiarl and Dr. Sumam Mary Idicula“A
Multi-Agent Vehicle Routing System for Garbage Collection”