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GBO 012 C0 0 Traffic Statistic Analysis-62
GBO 012 C0 0 Traffic Statistic Analysis-62
Course Objectives:
Understand the significance of GSM traffic statistics in
network optimization
i
4.1 Traffic Statistics Analysis Preparations.................................................................................................28
4.2.1 Overview.................................................................................................................................28
iii
1 Traffic Statistics Overview
Common traffic statistics indices include: call drop rate, congestion rate, handover
success rate, TCH assignment success rate, radio system connection rate, traffic, and
channel availability.
Figure 1.2-1 shows the position of OMCR in Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN)
system.
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GBO_012_E1_0 Traffic Statistic Analysis
The OMC system is of the client/server structure, as shown in Figure 1.2-2. The
application is realized by the application server. The client can not directly establish
communication with BSS, and it only provides functions of inputting operation
instructions and outputting operation results for users,
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5 Traffic Statistics Cases
system.
Querying counter for a measurement task: to query the current value of a counter
of a measurement object in a measurement task.
Querying historical data for a measurement task: to query the historical data of a
measurement task, the query condition might contain object, time, etc.
Performance report: to display the performance data collection and analysis result
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GBO_012_E1_0 Traffic Statistic Analysis
Graphical analysis function of report: to analyze report data in the form of line
chart, table, and pie chart, etc.
Performance report template: to provide the report template. User can save the
customized indices or system indices in the template for making report.
Timed performance data dump: to perform timed dump for performance data to
guarantee that the data volume in the database does not increase without any
restriction.
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5 Traffic Statistics Cases
Performance management Local Access Function (LAF) end: The CMIS operation
request from the LMF end, such as creating the measurement task, is received. After
necessary validity check, it is forwarded to the foreground for processing. The response
from foreground is received and returned to the LMF end for processing. The
observation event reported from foreground is received and forwarded to the LMF end
for processing. The performance data reported from foreground is received and
processed, and such data are stored in the database through calling the database
interface.
5
2 Traffic Statistics Functions
It also provides statistics functions for traffic of different types, different levels, and
different ranges.
BTS measurement
Radio measurement
A-interface measurement
1. CS basic measurement
The basic measurement task is the measurement used to generate the basic
performance report, which includes information such as the resource situation,
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5 Traffic Statistics Cases
Q3 module measurement
The BTS power, signal level, signal quality, and call distance are measured
according to cells. The measurement values of all carriers in the cell are
accumulated in the carrier power control counter and then reported.
2. BTS measurement
According to the following two conditions, BTS decides whether the power
control should be performed for MS or BTS:
It takes the carrier as the measurement unit and measures information related
to channel activation, assignment, handover success or handover failure,
carrier interference band, and maximum and minimum uplink/downlink signal
level. It helps to understand the carrier situation, facilitating adjustment and
maintenance.
Paging measurement
It performs statistics for discarded pagings and queue length, with the carrier
as the measurement unit.
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GBO_012_E1_0 Traffic Statistic Analysis
occupation duration
3. Radio measurement
It measures the interference on each channel (in idle state and in the state of
being occupied) in the cell and the service quality.
It measures the MS’s radio random access process, including the number of
access attempts due to different reasons, the number of processing times, and
the number of successes.
SDCCH measurement
TCH/F measurement
SAPI3 measurement
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5 Traffic Statistics Cases
It performs statistics for handover due to various causes, including the number
of handover attempts, executions, successes, and failures. It reflects the
handover success rate.
It measures the handovers between some cells and their adjacent cells.
Paging measurement
HR statistics measurement
4. A-interface measurement
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GBO_012_E1_0 Traffic Statistic Analysis
It measures the signaling interaction on the LAPD signaling link of each TRX.
The measurement task is performed when the LAPD board transmits or
receives message, and the measurement unit is TRX LAPD link.
It measures the signaling interaction on each O&M LAPD signaling link. The
measurement task is performed when the LAPD board transmits or receives
message, and the measurement unit is O&M LAPD link.
It measures the signaling interaction on each SCCP signaling link, and the
measurement unit is SCCP link.
It measures the CPU load, occupied memory, service load, and file system
load of each SMM and each RMM. The measurement unit is module. The
measurement task is performed periodically (usually 5 minutes).
6. PS service measurement
PS basic measurement
NS measurement
BSSGP measurement
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5 Traffic Statistics Cases
NSE measurement
It takes a single NSE as the measurement entity and measures the number of
paging, the number of state indication messages, and the number of signaling
BVC resetting.
It performs statistics for the cell services, including the radio block usage and
changes in coding schemes.
Note:
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GBO_012_E1_0 Traffic Statistic Analysis
This document mainly introduces the traffic statistics analysis. For OMCR operation
details, refer to relevant materials.
12
3 Traffic Statistics Indices
Meaning:
This counter counts the number of SDCCH call attempts in the cell. The call
attempt includes the following cases that require SDCCH allocation: normal
originated call, location update, call reestablishment, IMSI request, IMSI
detachment, and short message request.
Calculation formula:
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GBO_012_E1_0 Traffic Statistic Analysis
Meaning:
This counter counts the number of SDCCH call attempts that fail to occupy
the SDCCH channel. If SDCCH channel is requested successfully but the
actual assignment fails, this counter does not count.
Calculation formula:
Meaning:
After BSC responds to the channel request message and successfully activates
SDCCH, BSC sends the immediate assignment message IMM_ASS to MS to
notify MS to use this channel. After MS receives the message, MS sends the
SABM frame to BTS on SDCCH, and BTS sends the ES_IND message to
BSC.
Measurement point:
The counter counts when BSC receives the correct EST_IND message or the
assignment completion message.
Meaning:
This counter counts the number of MS failing to access SDCCH after BSC
sending the immediate assignment message IMM_ASS.
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5 Traffic Statistics Cases
After BSC responds to the channel request message and successfully activates
SDCCH, BSC sends the immediate assignment message IMM_ASS to MS to
notify MS to use this channel. After MS receives the message, MS sends the
SABM frame to BTS on SDCCH, and BTS sends the ES_IND message to
BSC.
If BSC receives the incorrect EST_IND message or T3101 is timeout, then the
SDCCH assignment fails, and the counter and C10115 accumulates
simultaneously.
Measurement point:
The counter counts when BSC receives the incorrect EST_IND message or
when T3101 is timeout.
Meaning:
This counter counts the number of call drops during the call process when
SDCCH is assigned but TCH is not occupied.
Calculation formula:
Meaning:
This counter counts the total traffic on SDCCH during busy hour.
Calculation formula:
C11606 (total SDCCH busy time) = C11504 (total SDCCH busy time)
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GBO_012_E1_0 Traffic Statistic Analysis
MS BTS BSC
CHL_REQ
CHL_RQD SDCCH
congestion
A1
CHL_ACT
CHL_ACT_ACK
A2
IMM_ASS_CMD
IMM_ASS
SABM
SDCCH
EST_IND assignment
success
A3
Meaning:
This counter counts the number of TCHs that can be assigned normally,
including the number of available TCH/Fs and the number of available
TCH/Hs.
Calculation formula:
Meaning:
This counter counts the number of TCHs that can not be assigned normally,
including the number of unavailable TCH/Fs and the number of unavailable
TCH/Hs.
Calculation formula:
Meaning:
This counter counts the number of call attempts on TCH (occupation attempt)
after all SDCCHs are occupied in the cell. The call attempt includes cases that
the calling/called party attempts to establish a call, including TCH being
assigned as SDCCH during the Very Early Allocation (VEA) and excluding
various handover situations. The TCH channel includes the TCH/F channel
and the TCH/H channel.
Calculation formula:
Meaning:
This counter counts the number of overflows of calls for TCH after all
SDCCHs are occupied in the cell. The overflow includes cases that the
calling/called party fails to establish a call on TCH after occupying SDCCH,
including TCH being assigned as SDCCH during the Very Early Allocation
(VEA) and excluding various handover situations. The TCH channel includes
the TCH/F channel and the TCH/H channel.
Calculation formula:
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GBO_012_E1_0 Traffic Statistic Analysis
Meaning:
This counter counts the number of call attempts on TCH (occupation attempt)
after all SDCCHs are occupied in the cell. The call attempt includes cases that
the calling/called party attempts to establish a call, including TCH being
assigned as SDCCH during the Very Early Allocation (VEA) and including
various handover and direct retry situations. The TCH channel includes the
TCH/F channel and the TCH/H channel.
Calculation formula:
Meaning:
This counter counts the number of overflows of calls for TCH after all
SDCCHs are occupied in the cell. The overflow includes cases that the
calling/called party fails to establish a call on TCH after occupying SDCCH,
including TCH being assigned as SDCCH during the Very Early Allocation
(VEA) and including various handover and direct retry situations. The TCH
channel includes the TCH/F channel and the TCH/H channel.
Calculation formula:
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5 Traffic Statistics Cases
Meaning:
Calculation formula:
Meaning:
Calculation formula:
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GBO_012_E1_0 Traffic Statistic Analysis
Meaning:
This counter counts the number of the Establish Indication message or the
Assignment Complete message being received after TCH assignment
succeeds. TCH assignment includes assignment of signaling, voice, and data.
Calculation formula:
Meaning:
This counter counts the number of the Establish Indication message or the
Assignment Complete message being not received after TCH assignment
succeeds. TCH assignment includes assignment of signaling, voice, and data.
Calculation formula:
Meaning:
This counter counts the number of call drops due to radio reasons after the
TCH channel is assigned successfully, including call drops during handover
and call drops after handover. The TCH channel includes the TCH/F channel
and the TCH/H channel.
Calculation formula:
Meaning:
This counter counts the total traffic of all TCH channels. The TCH channel
includes the TCH/F channel and the TCH/H channel.
Calculation formula:
C11616 (total traffic channel busy time) = C11511 (total TCH/H busy time) +
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5 Traffic Statistics Cases
Total traffic on voice channel = C11616 (total traffic channel busy time) / statistics
period
MS BTS BSC
CHL _REQ
CHL _RQD
A1
CHL _ACT
A2
A3
ASS_CMD
B1
CHL_ACT
CHL_ACT_ACK
B2
ASS_CMD
ASS_CMD
SABM
UA EST_IND
B3
ASS_COM
ASS_COM
B4
ASS_COM
Meaning:
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GBO_012_E1_0 Traffic Statistic Analysis
This counter counts the total number of requests for intra-BSC inter-cell/intra-
cell handover and inter-BSC inter-cell handover. This counter counts when the
request is for incoming handover.
Calculation formula:
Meaning:
Calculation formula:
Meaning:
This counter counts the number of handover attempts between GSM 900
system and DCS 1800 system, including handovers in the same layer and
handovers between different layers.
Calculation formula:
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5 Traffic Statistics Cases
Meaning:
This counter counts the number of handover successes between GSM 900
system and DCS 1800 system, including handovers in the same layer and
handovers between different layers.
Calculation formula:
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GBO_012_E1_0 Traffic Statistic Analysis
MEAS_REP
MEAS_RES
C1
CHL_ACT
CHL_ACT_ACK
C2
ASS_CMD
ASS_CMD
SABM
UA EST_IND
ASS_COM
ASS_COM
C3
HO_PREFORM
RADIO AVAIL
A2 A5
HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER COMMAND
A6
HANDOVER COMPLETE
A3
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5 Traffic Statistics Cases
HO_REQ
D1
CHL_ACT
CHL_ACT_ACK
D2
HO_REQ_ACK
HO_ACCESS
HO_DETECT
PHY_INFO
HO_DETECT
SABM
UA
HO_COM
HO_COM
D3
HO_COM
SDCCH call drop rate (%) = (number of call drops on SDCCH / number of
SDCCH being occupied successfully) × 100% = C11644 / (C11644 + C11645) ×
100%
TCH assignment success rate (%) = voice channel allocation success rate
(excluding handover) = number of service channel being occupied (excluding
handover) / number of call attempts on voice channel during busy hour (excluding
handover) × 100%
TCH call drop rate (excluding handover) (%) = number of call drops on voice
channel / number of voice channel being occupied (excluding handover) ×
100% = C11615 / C11613 × 100%
TCH call drop rate (including handover) (%) = number of call drops on voice
channel / number of voice channel being occupied (including handover) ×
100% = C11615 / C11614 × 100%
Traffic call drop rate = voice channel traffic during busy hour × 60 / number of
call drops on voice channel during busy hour
Unit: minute, indicating the average interval between two call drops.
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5 Traffic Statistics Cases
During busy hour, traffic per TCH channel > 0.1 Erl, call drop rate on voice
channel > 3% or congestion rate on voice channel > 5%.
27
4 Problem Locating and Analysis Through
Traffic Statistics
Before the traffic statistics is performed, at least one week’s traffic statistic data should
be obtained, including data related to BSC performance measurement, cell
performance measurement (TCH measurement and SDCCH measurement), and inter-
cell handover performance measurement.
Also, information of the network structure, site distribution, and carrier configuration
and capacity should be grasped before the traffic statistics is performed. It is advised to
use ASSET and MAPINFO to print the site distribution map, in which the site name,
cell direction, and BCCH frequency point are marked (information such as BSIC, cell
traffic, antenna height, and transmission power can also be marked in the map),
facilitating comparison in the traffic statistics.
4.2.1 Overview
According to the characteristics of traffic statistic data, the traffic statistics analysis is
implemented from the entire network performance measurement to the cell
performance measurement, from major index analysis to minor index analysis. In other
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5 Traffic Statistics Cases
words, during the traffic statistics analysis process, the entire network performance is
analyzed first, after deciding which performance indices are poor, perform analysis for
cells that might cause the problems. Network optimization operations can be used in
the traffic statistics analysis for problem locating and analysis.
General principle: From global range to local range, from network indices of one day
to network indices of one week, from a single index to correlated indices, from major
cells to minor cells.
Application principle
All statistic data are mutually correlated. The standard of evaluating whether an
index is good is not fixed, thus it is difficult to define an exact value as the
threshold distinguishing a good index and a bad index for different systems.
Method description
Use Excel or other software tools to implement data sorting and filtering functions,
to sort traffic statistic data from bad to good. In this way, it is easy to associate
various data and find the internal law, and to locate the problem.
The network quality can be evaluated by examining and comparing the BSC-level
traffic statistics report.
♦ Check cells where only a single index exceeds the standard range or the
absolute number of faults (call drop, congestion, and handover failure) is
large, to decide whether further handling should be performed.
Drive Test (DT): Simulate the mobile call process to analyze coverage, quality,
handover, and signaling.
Call Quality Test (CQT): Dial a large number of calls at different places.
Signaling tracing: Collect signaling through the signaling testing instrument or the
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GBO_012_E1_0 Traffic Statistic Analysis
Usually, TCH call drop problems falls into the following three categories:
Figure 4.3-9 shows the signaling point of call drop due to radio link failure.
MS BTS Pn P0 MSC
Figure 4.3-10, Figure 4.3-11, and Figure 4.3-12 show signaling points of call drops
due to handover failure.
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5 Traffic Statistics Cases
MS BTS:TRX BSC
CHANNEL ACTIVATE
A1
ASSIGNMENT COMMAND
SET T3107
T3107
Timeout
A2
CHANNEL ACT
A1
HANDOVER COMMAND HANDOVER COMMAND
SET T 3103
T3103
Timeout
A2
This section introduces solutions for call drop problems due to the above causes
respectively.
♦ BTS measurement: locate call drops and assignment failure at carrier level.
Solution
Locate the hardware fault range according to the above statistics analysis. Check
whether there is any fault in the following parts:
♦ TRX
♦ CMM
♦ TIC
♦ Combiner
♦ Divider
♦ Tower amplifier
♦ Repeater
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5 Traffic Statistics Cases
♦ Analyze the interference band level and occurrence law with the change of
time and traffic.
♦ Through cell radio measurement, analyze distributions of the signal level and
the quality in the cell.
Solution
(1) Perform the drive test to check interfered routes and signal quality
distribution.
(2) Adjust the site transmission power and antenna downtilt or adjust the
frequency plan for relevant cells to avoid interference.
♦ Cell radio measurement: the proportion of receiving level being low is too
large.
♦ Handover cause measurement: the signal level is too low when handover is
initiated, the average receiving level is too low.
Solution
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GBO_012_E1_0 Traffic Statistic Analysis
(2) Adjust the following network parameters according to the drive test result.
♦ Adjacent cell handover measurement: find out cells from which the outgoing
handover success rate is low and to which adjacent cell the outgoing
handover success rate is low, to decide the fault cause.
Solution
5. Call drop due to unbalance between uplink and downlink (tower amplifier, power
amplifier, and antenna direction)
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5 Traffic Statistics Cases
Solution
(1) Check the tower amplifier, CDU, RDU, and BTS boards to ensure they are
normal, and check RF connections to ensure they are normal.
Check whether the antenna azimuth and pitch angle satisfy the design
specification.
♦ Relevant parameter settings: Radio Link Timeout (RLT) and the minimum
access level are not set appropriately.
Solution
During the call process, the call drop problem occurs after a fixed interval (4
minutes for example).
Solution
(2) TMIAS: inactivity sending timer (100 ms) = 900 × 100 ms = 90 seconds
(4) The call drop duration is related to the inactivity receiving timer, in other
words, the call is released when the timer is timeout. Modify the inactivity
receiving timer’s value to be 10 minutes. After doing that, the fault is
removed.
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GBO_012_E1_0 Traffic Statistic Analysis
Handover failure objects: handover failures between service cell and multiple cells,
handover failures between service cell and a few cells.
3. Find out the number of outgoing handover failures and the number of incoming
handover failures. Decide which handover type is the primary problem.
For the following cases, decide which one has a lower handover success rate.
Interference
Coverage
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5 Traffic Statistics Cases
Clock problems (the site adopts internal clock, upper-level clock is unstable or the
clock skew is large)
This section introduces solutions for handover problems due to the above causes
respectively.
Solution
(1) Check PBGT threshold and handover threshold to ensure they are appropriate,
check handover function options to ensure they are appropriate.
(2) If it is found that the number of handovers and the number of TCH
occupations are out of proportion, check handover parameter settings and
make adjustment if necessary (adjusting the minimum inter-cell handover
interval, PBGT threshold, etc).
Analysis objects
Problem locating
(1) The destination cell receives the channel activation message CH ACT but
responds with the CH ACT NACK message or does not respond (TIMEOUT).
(3) The number of call drops due to terrestrial link break is large.
(4) If a cell always has high call drop rate and high congestion rate, it might
indicate that some equipment in the cell is faulty.
(5) Observe transmission and board alarms to check whether there is any clock
alarm.
(6) If the site’s handover access is restricted by the access level and quality, check
relevant parameter settings.
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GBO_012_E1_0 Traffic Statistic Analysis
The congestion rate on SDCCH is high, while the congestion rate on TCH is low
or there is no congestion on TCH.
After the congestion problem occurs in a cell, check whether carriers in the cell and
adjacent cells are faulty first, then perform other analyses.
The following describes congestion problem analysis in the three cases mentioned
above.
If congestion occurs on both SDCCH and TCH in the adjacent cell, then add
carriers or sites to reduce the congestion rate. If there is no congestion in the
adjacent cell, then equalize the traffic in the following sequence: adjust antenna,
modify the handover threshold, and adjust cell parameters. If there is no
congestion in other cells of this site, reconfigure the cell.
In this case, adjust the handover threshold, adjust antenna, adjust cell parameters,
or reconfigure the cell.
The congestion rate on SDCCH is high, while the congestion rate on TCH is low
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5 Traffic Statistics Cases
To solve congestion problems on SDCCH due to other reasons, adjust the cell
coverage, increase the number of SDCCHs, or modify cell parameters.
Large interference
Coverage
This section introduces solutions for TCH congestion problems due to the above causes
respectively.
Judgment
♦ The traffic per channel is too heavy (traffic per channel > 0.6)
♦ The number of overflows is too large, and the phenomenon of long-time full-
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GBO_012_E1_0 Traffic Statistic Analysis
♦ The traffic is not equalized (traffic in the three cells of a site are not
equalized, or traffic at several sites are not equalized).
Solution
(1) Expand system capacity, or adjust carrier configurations for busy cells and
idle cells.
(2) Adjust the cell coverage (adjust the site transmission power, and adjust
antenna azimuth, downtilt, and height).
(3) Adjust cell parameters (Cell Reselection Offset (CRO), minimum MS access
level, enabling load handover).
When the interference reaches a certain level that the Carrier-to-Interference ratio
requirement can not be satisfied, the Bit Error Rate (BER) increases rapidly. It
causes interference on the assignment command and the assignment process,
which results in channel occupation failure.
In idle state, the downlink interference forces the DSC counter of MS to decrease
to 0, MS then reselects a cell with lower level. This case might also cause the
channel occupation failure.
For details, refer to the part related to interference in TCH Call Drop Solutions.
Judgment
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5 Traffic Statistics Cases
Solution
Check the antenna azimuth and downtilt, and antenna feeder connections.
Judgment
Check data configuration such as the minimum MS access level and parameters
related to cell reselection.
Solution
For details, refer to the part related to coverage in TCH Call Drop Solutions.
Interference
This section introduces solutions for SDCCH congestion problems due to the above
causes respectively.
Judgment
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GBO_012_E1_0 Traffic Statistic Analysis
♦ Radio access reason types, the number of calling times, the number of times
of being called, the number of location updates, the number of short
messages, etc.
Solution
(1) Adjust parameters, such as the retransmission times and the number of
expanded transmission timeslots.
(2) Check parameter settings related to location update (dual-band network 1800
MHz parameter settings, CRO, cell reselection hysteresis, and periodical
location update time).
(3) In the dual-band network, too many inter-office handovers might cause
increase in the number of location updates. In such cases, adjust 1800 MHz
handover parameter settings for the dual-band network, and adjust other
parameters such as CRO.
To handle the capacity problem in some special circumstances, such as the location
updates at boundaries of location areas or near the railway, increase the number of
configured SDCCHs or TRX.
Note:
Inappropriate location area boundary might cause frequent location updates. For
example, if a street is taken as the boundary of a location area, pedestrians on the street
and multi-path propagation will cause frequent location updates.
The RACH threshold is set too low, if interference exists, the system might
misjudge that there are a large amount of SDCCH occupation requests, which
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5 Traffic Statistics Cases
TCH occupation
It refers to the channel resource usage in database in the central controller unit MP.
After the CHANNEL REQUIRE message is received, the system queries the
channel resources in MP’s database. If there is available channel resource, the
channel occupation succeeds (database is running normally); if there is no
available channel resource, the channel occupation fails. This process is actually
the process of querying and allocating channel resource according to the radio
resource data table in MP’s database. For channel occupation failures mentioned
above, only those due to no available radio resources are recorded as channel
occupation failure.
TCH allocation
After the channel is requested successfully from the database, BSC sends the
ChannelActivation FOR TCH message to BTS, that is, TCH allocation attempt.
After BSC receives the ChannelActivationAck message from BTS, the TCH
allocation succeeds. If BSC receives the ChannelActivationNack message or does
not receive the ChannelActivationAck due to timeout, it indicates that the TCH
allocation fails.
TCH assignment
Note:
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GBO_012_E1_0 Traffic Statistic Analysis
UA
Assi gnment Fai l ure(3)
Assi gnment Compl et e Assi gnment Compl et e Assi gnment Compl et e
Note:
Assignment Failure (1): BSC can not implement the channel request from MSC;
Assignment Failure (2): BTS can not implement the channel request from BSC
Assignment Failure (3): MS can not occupy the channel assigned by BSC
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5 Traffic Statistics Cases
To handle TCH allocation failure due to TCH congestion, refer to TCH Congestion
Problems. This section mainly analyzes the TCH assignment failure problem.
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GBO_012_E1_0 Traffic Statistic Analysis
Check whether cell radio parameters are set appropriately, such as FH parameters
and frequency data. Adjust inappropriate parameters.
Check indices such as BER and idle interference band level, and adjust these
parameters to reduce radio interference.
Perform the drive test and check on the site to see whether the following problems
exist: interference, incorrect antenna feeder connection, and incorrect antenna
azimuth or downtilt. Solve the problem if there is any.
Perform comprehensive analysis for the performance report, such as the congestion
rate, handover success rate, call drop rate, the proportion of handover due to
various reasons, to locate the fault.
Check BSC version and site versions to avoid TCH assignment failure due to
version inconsistency.
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5 Traffic Statistics Cases
On March 16th, it is found in the OMCR background statistics that the call drop rate at
site 3 in PAKTEL network increases greatly: the call drop rate (including handover) is
larger than 7%, and the number of call drops increases greatly.
[Problem Analysis]
1. Obtain the performance data and check the call drop type. It is found that there are
many call drops due to radio link failure.
2. Perform statistics for the cell’s interference bands. It is found that the proportion of
interference bands over level-3 is very high.
3. It is doubted that interference exists at the site. Check the frequency plan, it is
found that there is no co-frequency/adjacent-frequency interference in the cell and
adjacent cells. It is found through BTS measurement that the second carrier and the
third carrier have high assignment failure rate.
4. The alarm statistics indicates that there is no hardware alarm at the site, no missed
adjacent cell, and handover parameter settings are appropriate. However, it is
found through checking the site’s FH parameters that the second carrier and the
third carrier have the same MAIO.
[Solution]
Adjust the third carrier’s MAIO from 8 to 10. After doing that, the interference
disappears, the number of call drops decreases greatly, and the call drop rate becomes
normal. Figure 5.1-17 shows these indices before and after the adjustment.
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GBO_012_E1_0 Traffic Statistic Analysis
The background performance data indicates that the handover success rate at cellA is
low.
[Problem Analysis]
Check radio parameters, it is found that the parameter settings are appropriate. It is
found through Dynamic Data Management at the background OMCR that one carrier
in cellA can not be occupied. It is diagnosed that the problem is due to hardware fault.
[Solution]
Replace the faulty board. After doing that, the handover success rate increases greatly.
Figure 5.2-18 shows relevant indices before and after the adjustment. The problem is
resolved.
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5 Traffic Statistics Cases
[Problem Description]
On December 21st, through the background OMCR statistics, it is found that the TCH
traffic in third sector of site106 under BSC8 becomes congested suddenly, and the TCH
congestion rate (excluding handover) is over 30%.
[Problem Analysis]
It is found through investigation that there has no congestion in the third sector before,
and the TCH congestion problem occurs suddenly. Perform statistics for surrounding
cells’ performance and alarms. It is found that site127 which is relevant to the sector is
disconnected, causing the third sector of site106 to absorb more traffic, which result in
the TCH congestion problem.
[Solution]
Make site127 to be commissioned immediately. After doing that, it is found that the
TCH traffic congestion problem in the third sector of site106 is removed. Figure 5.3-19
shows relevant indices before and after the adjustment.
Case 2
[Problem Description]
After configuring the dynamic GPRS channel at BSC1, it is found on the next day that
the congestion rate increases greatly.
[Problem Analysis]
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GBO_012_E1_0 Traffic Statistic Analysis
1. Adjust the number of dynamic GPRS channels before busy hour, and enable only
one dynamic GPRS channel for all cells.
2. Observe on the next day, it is found that there are many TCH allocation failures
(excluding handover) in cells under BSC1, causing the service channel allocation
rate to decrease (from 98% to 93%). Through signaling tracing, it is found that, for
timeslots which are originally configured as dynamic GPRS channels and later
changed to be TCH channels, channel activations all fail, as shown in Figure 5.3-
20.
[Solution]
Change the dynamic GPRS channel to be static GPRS channel, and then change it to be
TCH channel. After doing these, it is found that the number of TCH allocation failures
(excluding handover) decreases and the network performance becomes normal.
Note: The dynamic GPRS channel can not be directly changed to be TCH channel, because it might
cause the changed channel unable to be occupied, which results in decrease in the TCH channel
allocation success rate. Instead, the dynamic GPRS channel should be changed to be static GPRS
[Problem Analysis]
Through the basic measurement statistics, it is found that the SDCCH congestion
50
5 Traffic Statistics Cases
problem in cell3 is due to a large amount of location updates. Check the planning data
and LAC partition, but all are normal. Thus it is diagnosed that the problem exists in
the site’s commissioning data.
[Solution]
It is found through checking that cell3’s LAC is 8198, but LACs of the other two cells
of the site are 8199, which are incorrect and causes a large amount of location updates.
After adjusting the two cells’ LAC to be 8198, the SDCCH congestion rate becomes
normal, and the problem is resolved.
During the process of commissioning a satellite transmission site, it is found that some
handsets can not access the network and can not call either.
[Problem Analysis]
After performing the signaling analysis, it is found that after BSC issues the
IMMEDIATE CMD message, the waiting for EST IND message from MS is always
timeout, which causes BSC to release the new channel at the local end.
The satellite transmission has a shortcoming that the delay is large. According to the
signaling analysis, the unidirectional delay from the ground station to the satellite or
from the satellite to the ground station is 150 ms. It causes some handsets unable to
receive the immediate assignment command after sending the channel request.
Therefore, the handset can not access the network or can not call.
[Solution]
51
GBO_012_E1_0 Traffic Statistic Analysis
It is found in cell3 of site1 that the call drop rate reaches 6.9%, the incoming handover
success rate is only 68.38%, and the outgoing handover success rate is 91.31%.
[Problem Analysis]
[Solution]
Replace the carrier. After doing this, all indices become normal. Figure 5.6-21 shows
relevant indices before and after the adjustment.
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