Kirana Setia Defani

( 1801055005)
Academic Reading

From Clift TOEFL Book.

. Questions through 1 until 10 are based on the following passage

Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821 and

emigrated to New York City when she was ten years old. One
day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was
nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth
(5) century. After writing many letters seeking adminission to
medical schools, she was inally accepted by a doctor in
Philadelphia. So determinated was she that she taught school
and gave music lessons to earn money for her tuition.
In 1849, after graduation from medical school, she de-
(10) cided to further her education in Paris. She wanted to be a
surgeon, but a serious eye infection forced her to abandon the
idea.
Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to
(15) start her own practice because she was a woman. By 1857,
Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another
female doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for
women and children. Besides being the first female physi- cian
in the United States and founding her own hospital, she also
(20) established the first medical school for women.

1. why couldn’t Elizabeth Blackwell relaze her dream of becoming in a

surgeon ?
(A) She could get admitted to medical school.
(B) She decided to further her education in Paris.
(C) A serious eye Infection halted her request
(D) it was difficult for her to start a practice in the United States
2. what main abstacle almost destroyed Elizabeth’s chances for becoming a
doctor ?
(A) She was a woman.
(B) shw wrote to many letters.
(C) she couldn’t graduate from medical school.
(D) she couldn’t establish her hospital.
3. How many years elapsed between her graduation from medical school and
the opening of her hospital ?
(A) 8 (B) 10 (C) 19 (D) 36
4. All of the following are “firsts” in the life of Elizabeth Blackwell EXCEPT
(A) she became the first female physician in the United States
(B) She was the first woman surgeoun in the United States
(C) she and several order women founded the fisrt hospital for women and
children
(D) she established the first medical school for women
5. How old was Elizabeth Blackwell when she graduated from medical
school?
(A) 10 (B) 21 (C) 28 (D) 36
6. The woed “abandon” in the line 12 closest in the meaning to
(A) undertake (C) continue
(B) Give up (D) look into
7. What is the main idea of the passage?
(A) Elizabeth Blackwell overcome serious obstacles to become the first
woman doctor in United States.
(B) Elizabeth Blackwell had to abandon her plans to become a doctor
because of an eye infection.
(C) Elizabeth Blackwell even thaught misic to pay for her medical studies.
(D) Elizabeth Blackwell founded the first medical school for women.
8. The word “founding” in the line 19 means most nearly the same as
(A) Locating (C) Establishing
 (B) Looking for (D) Buying
9. why was it nearly impossible for Elizabeth Blackwell tto get into medical
school?
(A) she had a serious eye infection
(B) she had a little or no money to pay tuition
(C) She wanted to be a part of a profession that no women had ever
…...entered before
(D) Her family didn,;t want her to be a doctor
10. The reason Elizabeth Blackwell could not become a surgeon is explained
in lines
(A) 4-5 (B) 8-9 (C) 11-13 (D) 14-15

The Answer key :

1. C
2. A
3. A
4. B
5. C
6. B
7. D
8. C
9. A
10. C

Hard Word with antonym and Synonym :

- Abandon (Meninggalkan) - Admission (Pengakuan)
Synonym : Leave, Quit, Evacuate Synonym :  avowal, concession
Antonym : Keep, Claim, Continue Antonym : disavowal, nonadmission

- Established (yang tidak bisa dimungkiri) - Obstacle (Hambatan)

Synonym : changeless, constant, determinate, Synonym : Bump, Difficulty, Disincentive
Antonym :  changeable, elastic, flexible Antonym : Benefit, Help, Promotion

- Emigrated (Beremigrasi) - Undertake (Menjalankan)

Synonym : Depart, Migrate, Quit Synonym : Begin, Offer, Try
Antonym : Come, Continue, Stay Antonym : Complete, Finish, End
 From another source : www.GeniusToefl.com

The first two decades of this century were dominated by the microbe hunters. These
hunters had tracked down one after another of the microbes responsible for the most
dreaded scourges of many centuries: tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria. But there, remained
some terrible diseases for which no microbe could be incriminated: scurvy, pellagra,
(5) rickets, beriberi. Then it was discovered that these diseases were caused by the lack of
vitamins, a trace substance in the diet. The diseases could be prevented or cured by
consuming foods that contained the vitamins. And so in the decades of the 1920’s and
1930’s, nutrition became a science and the vitamin hunters replaced the microbe hunters.
In the 1940’s and 1950’s, biochemists strived to learn why each of the vitamins was
(10) essential for health. They discovered that key enzymes in metabolism depend on one or
another of the vitamins as coenzymes to perform the chemistry that provides cells with
energy for growth and function. Now, these enzyme hunters occupied center stage.
You are aware that the enzyme hunters have been replaced by a new breed of hunters who
are tracking genes-the blueprints for each of the enzymes-and are discovering the defective
(15) genes that cause inherited diseases-diabetes, cystic fibrosis. These gene hunters, or genetic
engineers, use recombinant DNA technology to identify and clone genes and introduce
them into bacterial cells and plants to create factories for the massive production of
hormones and vaccines for medicine and for better crops for agriculture. Biotechnology
has become a multibillion-dollar industry.
(20) In view of the inexorable progress in science, we can expect that the gene hunters will be
replaced in the spotlight. When and by whom? Which kind of hunter will dominate the
scene in the last decade of our waning century and in the early decades of the next? I
wonder whether the hunters who will occupy the spotlight will be neurobiologists who
apply the techniques of the enzyme and gene hunters to the functions of the brain: What to
(25) call them? The head hunters. I will return to them later.

1. What is the main topic of the passage?

(A)  The microbe hunters
(B)  The potential of genetic engineering
(C)  The progress of modem medical research
(D)  The discovery of enzymes
2. The word “which” in line 4 refers to
(A)  diseases
(B)  microbe
(C)  cholera
(D)  diphtheria
3. The word “incriminated” in line 4 is closest in meaning to
(A)  investigated
(B)  blamed
(C)  eliminated
(D)  produced
4. Which of the following can be cured by a change in diet?
(A)  Tuberculosis
(B)  Cholera
(C)  Cystic fibrosis
(D)  Pellagra
5. The word “strived” in line 9 is closest in meaning to
(A)  failed
(B)  tried
(C)  experimented
(D)  studied
6. How do vitamins influence health?
(A)  They are necessary for some enzymes to function.
(B)  They protect the body from microbes.
(C)  They keep food from spoiling.
(D)  They are broken down by cells to produce energy.
7. In the third paragraph, the author compares cells that have been genetically altered by
biotechnicians to
(A)  gardens
(B)  factories
(C)  hunters
(D)  spotlights
8. The word “them” in line 16 refers to
(A)  cells and plants
(B)  hormones
(C)  genes
(D)  gene hunters or genetic engineers
9. The phrase “occupy the spotlight” in line 23 is closest in meaning to
(A)  receive the most attention
(B)  go the furthest
(C)  conquer territory
(D)  lighten the load
10. The author implies that the most important medical research topic of the future will be
(A)  the functions of the brain
(B)  inherited diseases
(C)  the operation of vitamins
(D)  the structure of genes

Answer Keys :
1. C
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. B
6. A
7. B
8. C
9. A
10. A

Hard Word with antonym and Synonym :

- incriminated (Menuduh)
Synonym : implicate, indict, prosecute
Antonym : Pardon, Free, Ignore

- strived ( Berkerja keras)

Synonym : Seek, Tackle, Aim
Antonym : Agree, Relax, Rest

- Occupy ( mengisi)
Synonym : Employ, Fill, Involve
Antonym : Eject, Refuse, Dry

- Inexorable ( tak terkalahkan)

Synonym : Implacable, Inescapable, Merciless
Antonym : Kind, Merciful, Nice