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H&M
H&M
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Type Aktiebolag
ISIN SE0000106270
Industry Retail
Predecessor Hennes
Västerås, Sweden
Headquarters Stockholm
,
Sweden
Products Clothing, accessories
ARKET
Website www.hm.com
Contents
1History
2Marketing and collaborations
3Concept stores
o 3.1COS
o 3.2& Other Stories
o 3.3ARKET
o 3.4FaBric Scandinavien AB
o 3.5Cheap Monday
o 3.6Monki
o 3.7Weekday
4Labour practices
5Other issues
6Philanthropy
7See also
8Notes
9References
10External links
History
The company was founded by Erling Persson in 1947, when he opened his first shop in Västerås, Sweden.[6] The shop, called
Hennes (Swedish for "hers"), exclusively sold women's clothing. A store was opened in Norway in 1964.[7] In 1968, Persson acquired
the hunting apparel retailer Mauritz Widforss, which led to the inclusion of a menswear collection in the product range and the name
change to Hennes & Mauritz.[6]
The company was listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange in 1974.[6] Shortly after, in 1976, the first store outside Scandinavia
opened in London.[6][8] H&M continued to expand in Europe, and began to retail online in 1998, when it was able to buy the
domain hm.com from a company called A1 in a non-published domain transaction.[citation needed] The two-letter domain was registered in
the early 1990s, but data on the first registration is lost.[citation needed] The opening of the first U.S. store on 31 March 2000, on Fifth
Avenue in New York marked the start of the expansion outside of Europe.[6]
In 2008, the company announced in a press release that it would begin selling home furnishings. [9] Initially distributed through the
company's online catalog, there are now H&M Home stores located internationally.
Following expansion in Asia and the Middle East and the launch of concept stores including COS, Weekday, Monki, and Cheap
Monday, in 2009 and 2010, branding consultancy Interbrand ranked the company as the twenty-first most-valuable global brand,
[10]
making it the highest-ranked retailer in the survey. Its worth was estimated at $12–16 billion.[11][12]
H&M operated 2,325 stores at the end of 2011, and 2,629 stores at the end of August 2012.[13] Its 3,000th store opened in
September 2013 in Chengdu, China.[14]
Map of H&M stores in the U.S. and southern Canada, as of August 2011.
H&M Melbourne
Trompe-l'œil printed viscose jersey dress by Maison Martin Margiela for H&M, 2012
Lana Del Rey was the face of the fully plotted music video for the 2012 global summer collection, where she also sang a cover of
“Blue Velvet”.[25] On 4 October 2012, Japanese Vogue editor Anna Dello Russo launched an accessories collection at H&M as Paris
Fashion Week drew to an end. The collection was stocked in 140 H&M stores worldwide and also sold through the H&M
website[26] On 12 June 2012, H&M confirmed that it would launch a collaboration with avant-garde label Maison Martin Margiela for a
fall rollout. The Maison Martin Margiela collection for H&M hit stores on 15 November 2012.
Beyoncé was the face of H&M in summer 2013. Her campaign, which began in May 2013 was entitled "Mrs. Carter in H&M", and
drew heavily on Knowles' personal style. The singer also included the track "Standing on the Sun" form her 5th studio album as the
campaign soundtrack.[27] Isabel Marant was a collaboration designer for Fall 2013 and for the first time made a men's collection to
accompany the women's collection. The collaboration was sold out very quickly in cities across the globe and was heavily anchored
in sales online as well.[citation needed]
Alexander Wang was announced as a collaboration to be released 6 November 2014 across the world to a select 250 stores. The
announcement came during the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in California and will be the first collaboration with an
American designer.
Balmain was announced as the next collaboration with H&M. The collection was released on 5 November 2015. [28] The
announcement came from Balmain designer Olivier Rousteing's Instagram page. The 2015 Christmas campaign was in
collaboration with the pop star Katy Perry, who also sang the commercial soundtrack "'Every Day Is A Holiday".[29]
In November 2016, H&M released a designer line in collaboration with Kenzo.[30] That year H&M released an annual holiday movie
directed by Wes Anderson. Titled “Come Together”, the short film stars Adrien Brody as a train conductor who saves Christmas
after a blizzard delays the train’s arrival, making the few passengers on board miss part of the holiday. [31][32][33][34]
In February 2017, Zara Larsson designed a "playful, young, empowering and little glamorous" collection with H&M. [35] After 20
years, Naomi Campbell come back to collaborate for a global female empowerment commercial spot with H&M. She wore clothes
that blur the line between masculine and feminine and in the spot-video she also lip-synced "Wham Rap (Enjoy What You Do)"
by Wham!.[citation needed]
In September 2019, H&M halted it's leather purchase from Brazil in response to 2019 Amazon Rainforest Wildfires.[36] The company
issued an email statement on the halt, "The ban will be active until there are credible assurance systems in place to verify that the
leather does not contribute to environmental harm in the Amazon". The company imports only a small fraction of its leather needs
from Brazil.[37]
Concept stores
In addition to the H&M brand, the company consists of five individual brands with separate concepts. [38] Q4 2016 saw the hoarding of
a new H&M concept in The Dubai Mall come up, labelled 'H&M Details'.
COS
COS launched its flagship store on London’s Regent Street in March 2007 with a catwalk show at the Royal Academy. [39] Its concept
is encompassed by minimalist style inspired by architecture, graphics, and design. [40][39] It specialises in modern clothing pieces for
men and women that are less trend-oriented than other similarly priced labels. [41] COS makes clothing that can be worn beyond the
season.[42] COS has 197 stores in 34 countries[43] in Europe, Asia, North America, Australia and the Middle East and currently retails
online to 19 markets via cosstores.com.
ARKET
The first ARKET store was opened in Regent Street in August 2017, having been in preparations since June 2015. [50][51] The brand is
labeled "a modern-day market"[52] and houses a line known as the "archive", in which each item is known by a nine-digit code
organised into department, category, product, and material.[53] ARKET also sells children's clothing and homewares, and has an in-
store café.[53]
FaBric Scandinavien AB
In 2008, H&M purchased 60 percent of shares in the Swedish fashion company FaBric Scandinavien AB and bought the remaining
shares in 2010 with a price totaling SEK552 million ($62.3 million). The company's three brands- Cheap Monday, Monki, and
Weekday- continue to be run as separate concepts. [54]
Cheap Monday
Cheap Monday, known for its distinctive skull logo, is a full fashion brand launched in 2004. [55] The brand is available from many
retailers worldwide as well as its own stores and e-commerce site cheapmonday.com.[38]
Monki
Monki in Tsuen Wan Plaza, Hong Kong
Monki is "a wild and crazy international retail concept that believes that, it needs to fight ordinary and boost imagination with an
experience out of the ordinary".[56] The brand sells fashion for young women in stores in 13 markets, and is available online in 18
markets at monki.com.
Weekday
Weekday, styled as WEEKDAY, 'carries in-house brands such as MTWTFSS WEEKDAY and Weekday Collection as well as
external brands.[38] The brand has stores in 9 markets and is available online in 18 markets at weekday.com and in 140 markets
at asos.com.
Labour practices
In August 2011, nearly 200 workers passed out in one week at a Cambodian factory supplying H&M. Fumes from chemicals, poor
ventilation, malnutrition and even "mass hysteria" have all been blamed for making workers ill. The minimum wage in Cambodia is
the equivalent of just $66 (£42) a month, a level that human rights groups say is not even half that required to meet basic needs. [57]
Bangladeshi and international labor groups in 2011 put forth a detailed safety proposal which entailed the establishment of
independent inspections of garment factories. The plan called for inspectors to have the power to close unsafe factories. The
proposal entailed a legally binding contract between suppliers, customers, and unions. At a meeting in 2011 in Dhaka, major
European and North American retailers, including H&M, rejected the proposal. Further efforts by unions to advance the proposal
after numerous and deadly factory fires have been rejected.[58]
The Guardian wrote that in a conscious actions sustainability report for 2012, H&M published a list of factories supplying 95% of its
garments. Most retailers and brands do not share this information, citing commercial confidentiality as a reason. [59]
On 2 January 2013, The Ecologist reported[60] allegations by Anti-Slavery International that H&M is continuing its association with the
Uzbek government in exploiting child and adult forced labour as cotton harvesters in Uzbekistan.[61]
After the April 2013 Savar building collapse H&M and other retailers signed on to the Accord on Factory and Building Safety in
Bangladesh. On 19 May 2013, a textile factory that produced apparel for H&M in Phnom Penh, Cambodia collapsed injuring several
people.[62] The incident has raised concerns regarding industrial safety regulations.
On 25 November 2013, H&M's global head of sustainability committed [63][64] that H&M, as the world's second-largest clothing retailer,
will aim to pay all textile workers "living wage" by 2018, stating that governments are responding too slowly to poor working
conditions in Bangladesh among other Asian countries where many clothing retailers source a majority if not all of their garments.
Wages were increased in Bangladesh from 3,000 takas ($40) to 5,300 takas ($70) a month in late 2013. [65]
In September 2015, CleanClothes.org, an NGO involved in garment labor working conditions, reported on a lack of specific fire
safety renovations in H&M suppliers' factories. [66]
In June 2016, SumOfUs launched a campaign to pressure H&M to honour the commitment to protect Bangladesh's garment
workers which it had signed onto following the Rana Plaza collapse in Bangladesh in 2013, which killed over 1100 people, mostly
garment workers, in unsafe factories housed in an eight-storey building not designed for factories. SumOfUs alleged that "H&M is
drastically behind schedule in fixing the safety hazards its workers have to face every day." [67]
In February 2017, The Guardian reported children were employed to make H&M products in Myanmar and were paid as little as 13p
(about 15cents US) an hour – half the full legal minimum wage.[68]
Other issues
On 6 January 2010, it was reported that unsold or refunded clothing and other items in
one New York City store were cut up before being discarded, presumably to prevent
resale or use.[69]
On 24 January 2012, the company was reported to have stolen the work of a UK-based
artist, Tori LaConsay, using it on multiple items without compensating her. [70]
In August 2013, the Swedish fashion chain withdrew faux-leather headdresses from
Canadian stores after consumers complained the items, part of the company's summer
music festival collection, were insulting to Canada's Aboriginal peoples. [71]
On 6 November 2015, the H&M South Africa division had been accused with racism for
lack of black models in their photoshoots, [72] later stating that white models convey a more
"positive Image" than that of black models.[73]
On 8 January 2018, H&M showcased on their official United Kingdom website[74] a picture
of a young black child wearing a green hoodie reading, "Coolest Monkey in the Jungle,"
which sparked controversy,[75][76][77][78][79][80] notably in the United States due to the cognition of
"monkey" being used to describe a black person, [74] though the term "cheeky monkey" is
often used in the UK to refer to a little child regardless of race.[citation needed] In response,
singers such as The Weeknd and G-Eazy boycotted the company by ending their
partnerships with H&M over the image. [81][82][83] H&M later released an apology: "This image
has now been removed from all H&M channels and we apologise to anyone this may
have offended."[84][85][86][87] The mother of the model urged people to "stop crying wolf,"
deeming it "an unnecessary issue."[88] After the allegation of racism, H&M stores were
vandalized and looted in South Africa. In response, H&M temporarily closed stores in
South Africa.[89][90]
On 13 July 2019, H&M docked the pay and suspended several union staff in three of its
stores in New Zealand because they were wearing 'Living Wage' stickers, as part of a
wider industrial dispute.[91][92]
Philanthropy
Since January 2012 H&M introduced the H&M Design Award, an annual design prize for fashion graduates. The prize is established
to support young designers with the beginning of their career.[93]
Starting in February 2013, H&M will offer patrons a voucher in exchange for used garments. Donated garments will be processed by
I:CO, a retailer that repurposes and recycles used clothing with the goal of creating a zero waste economy. The initiative is similar to
a clothes-collection voucher program launched in April 2012 by Marks & Spencer in partnership with Oxfam.[94][95][96]
In April 2014, H&M joined Zara and other apparel companies in changing their supply chain to avoid endangered forests. H&M
teamed with Canopy, a non-profit, to remove endangered and ancient forests from their dissolvable pulp supply chain for their
viscose and rayon fabrics.[97]
In August 2015, H&M announced that it will award a million-euro annual prize to advance recycling technology and techniques. [98]
The H&M Foundation is a non-profit foundation which was established in order to implement positive change and improve living
standards, such as education for children, worldwide access to clean water, strengthening women on a global scale, and being
environmentally aware. It is privately funded by the Persson Family, founders, and owners of H&M. Since 2013, the Persson Family
has made huge contributions to the foundation, donating SEK1.1 billion (US$154 million) to the H&M Foundation.
See also
Bonds (clothing)
Gap Inc.
List of companies of Sweden
European Retail Round Table
Zara (retailer)
Sweden portal
Companies portal
Fashion portal
Notes
1. ^ Total full-time equivalent positions; H&M reports do not publish total full-time, part-time and
casual employment levels.
References
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April 2009.
10. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 12 February 2011. Retrieved 15
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11. ^ Interbrand, Best Global Brand List Archived 13 August 2010 at the Wayback Machine
12. ^ "BrandZ Top 100 Most Valuable Global Brands 2009" (PDF). Archived from the
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13. ^ "Hennes & Mauritz Sales Miss Estimates After August Heatwave". Bloomberg. 17 September
2012.
14. ^ Compare: "Annual Report 2016" (PDF). Hennes & Mauritz. p. 53. Archived from the
original (PDF) on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 30 December 2017. Operating profit amounted to
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15. ^ "Nyheter – DN.SE". DN.SE. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007.
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19. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 12 April2007.
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21. ^ "Jimmy Choo – Press Release". Cision Wire. Archived from the original on 20 June 2009.
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22. ^ "Lanvin for H&M – Press Release". 30 November 2010.
24. ^ Blue Carreon (29 November 2011). "Marni For H&M Collaboration For Spring 2012". Forbes.
25. ^ "Lana Del Rey will be the global face and voice of H&M this fall". about.hm.com. Retrieved 9
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27. ^ "Beyonce H&M Commercial Is One Long Music Video". Huffington Post. 25 April 2013.
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34. ^ "Watch Wes Anderson's charming Christmas advert for H&M". lwlies.com.
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39. ^ Jump up to:a b Walker, Harriet (11 June 2012). "Cos: Thoroughly modern minimalism". The
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40. ^ Howarth, Dan (5 November 2014). ""Design and architecture has been a key influence" for
COS". Dezeen. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
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Retrieved 12 December 2016.
42. ^ "H&M group - COS". about.hm.com.
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45. ^ Alexander, Ella (8 March 2013). "Inside & Other Stories' Regent Street Store". British Vogue.
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Store". British Vogue. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
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label". FashionUnited. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
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52. ^ Cartner-Morley, Jess (23 August 2017). "Putting the fun in functional: will Arket revitalise the
high street?". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 28 September 2017.
53. ^ Jump up to:a b "Meet Arket: H&M's new Scandi sensation set to shake up the high street". Evening
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54. ^ "H & M Hennes & Mauritz AB: H&M Acquires Remaining Shares in". Archived from the
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55. ^ "Customer Service - CheapMonday.com". cheapmonday.com.
56. ^ "Monki - Monki World". Archived from the original on 2 May 2015. Retrieved 30 May2015.
57. ^ Butler, Sarah (2 February 2012). "Cambodian workers hold "people's tribunal" to look at
factory conditions". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
58. ^ "Big brands rejected Bangladesh factory safety plan". Yahoo News. 26 April 2013.
59. ^ Lucy Siegle. "H&M: how does the fashion retailer's sustainability report stack up?". The
Guardian.
60. ^ "Conservative MP 'promoted cotton trade linked to child labour '". The Ecologist. 2 January
2013. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
61. ^ "Stop H&M Being Complicit in Cotton Crimes". Anti-Slavery International website. Retrieved 1
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Why That's Probably BS". Mother Jones. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
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66. ^ "Evaluation of H&M Compliance with Safety Action Plans for Strategic Suppliers in
Bangladesh" (PDF). The Clean Clothes Campaign. September 2015. Retrieved 23
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with no fire exits
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Retrieved 25 June 2016.
68. ^ Chamberlain, Gethin (5 February 2017). "How high street clothes were made by children in
Myanmar for 13p an hour". The Guardian.
69. ^ (registration required) Dwyer, Jim (6 January 2010). "A Clothing Clearance Where More Than
Just the Prices Have Been Slashed". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 January2010.
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November 2015. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
73. ^ "H&M South Africa Racist Tweets - News One". News One. 10 November 2015. Retrieved 8
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74. ^ Jump up to:a b "Terry Mango, Mom of Model Used to Sell Monkey Hoodie Defends
H&M". ebony.com. 10 January 2018.
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Retrieved 8 January 2018.
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SFGate". SFGate. 9 January 2018. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
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News". sbs.com.au.
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86. ^ "H&M on Twitter". Twitter. 8 January 2018. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
87. ^ "H&M on Twitter: "We'd like to put on record our position in relation to the controversial image
of our hoodie. Our position is simple - we've got this wrong and we're deeply sorry". Twitter. 8
January 2018. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
88. ^ "Terry Mango, Mom of Model Used to Sell Monkey Hoodie Defends H&M". ebony.com. 10
January 2018.
89. ^ "H&M shops trashed in South Africa over "racist" hoodie". Harper's Bazaar.
90. ^ "UPDATE: Police confirm rubber bullets fired in H&M protests as shop looted". News 24.
91. ^ "H&M staff suspended for wearing stickers: Union". Stuff. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
92. ^ "Auckland H&M workers suspended after sticker protest for living wage". TVNZ. Retrieved 13
July 2019.
93. ^ "The H&M Design Award". dexigner.com. 13 January 2012.
96. ^ "I:CO-System – I:CO – RETHINK. RECYCLE. REWARD. -". Archived from the original on 23
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97. ^ "Deforestation for fashion: getting unsustainable fabrics out of the closet". the Guardian.
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External links
Official website
"Supplier list". Sustainability Reporting. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
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