MINOR PROJECT

HOME APPLIANCE
CONTROL WITH TIME
DELAY SWITCH
ABSTRACT
This project is designed to control home appliances
based on a fixed-time delay for each load by using a
555 timer to generate switching period intervals to
drive a relay to switch ON or OFF for any load
A Time-Delay based relay is a relay that stays on for
a certain period of time once activated. This circuit
is made up of a simple adjustable timer circuit that
controls the actual relay. The time is adjustable from
0 to few seconds, but can be increased by increasing
the time constant of the mono-stable 555-timer. The
current handling capacity of the load is limited by
the kind of relay used. The project is offered with a
lamp as a load.
When used in Astable mode we can switch the load
ON for a particular period of time and OFF for a
certain period. This ON-OFF cycle can be helpful
where there is a no need to continuously switch the
load ON .
LIST OF COMPONENTS
( MONOSTABLE MODE )
• 555 timer
• Electrolytic capacitor – 470 uf
• ceramic capacitor – 0.1nF
• Resistors-
   120k ohm
    10k ohm
1 M-ohm (Variable Resistor)
• Relay -12v
 Push button
Circuit Diagram-
555 Timer IC

• The 555 Timer IC is an integrated circuit

(chip) implementing a variety of timer and
multivibrator applications.
• The original name was the SE555 (metal
can)/NE555 (plastic DIP) and the part was
described as "The IC Time Machine".
• Depending on the manufacturer, the
standard 555 package includes over 20
transistors, 2 diodes and 15 resistorson a
silicon chip installed in an 8-pin mini dual-
in-line package (DIP-8)
• It has three operating modes -
1. Mono stable Mode
2. Astable Mode
3. Bistable Mode
PIN DIAGRAM OF 555 IC

• Pin 1. – Ground, The ground pin connects the 555 timer to the
negative (0v) supply.

• Pin 2. – Trigger, The negative input to comparator No 1. A

negative pulse on this pin “sets” the internal Flip-flop when the
voltage drops below 1/3Vcc causing the output to switch from a
“LOW” to a “HIGH” state.

• Pin 3. – Output, The output pin can drive any TTL circuit and is
capable of sourcing or sinking up to 200mA of current at an
output voltage equal to approximately Vcc – 1.5V so small
speakers, LEDs or motors can be connected directly to the output.

• Pin 4. – Reset, This pin is used to “reset” the internal Flip-flop

controlling the state of the output, pin 3. This is an active-low
input and is generally connected to a logic “1” level when not
used to prevent any unwanted resetting of the output.
• Pin 5. – Control Voltage, This pin controls the timing of the 555 by
overriding the 2/3Vcc level of the voltage divider network. By
applying a voltage to this pin the width of the output signal can be
varied independently of the RC timing network. When not used it
is connected to ground via a 10nF capacitor to eliminate any
noise.

• Pin 6. – Threshold, The positive input to comparator No 2. This pin

is used to reset the Flip-flop when the voltage applied to it
exceeds 2/3Vcc causing the output to switch from “HIGH” to
“LOW” state. This pin connects directly to the RC timing circuit.

• Pin 7. – Discharge, The discharge pin is connected directly to the

Collector of an internal NPN transistor which is used to
“discharge” the timing capacitor to ground when the output at pin
3 switches “LOW”.

• Pin 8. – Supply +Vcc, This is the power supply pin and for general
purpose TTL 555 timers is between 4.5V and 15V.
Relay -
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Current
flowing through the coil of the relay creates a
magnetic field which attracts a lever and changes
the switch contacts. The coil current can be on or off
so relays have two switch positions and they
are double throw (changeover) switches.

The relay’s switch connections are usually labeled

COM(POLE), NC and NO:

COM/POLE= Common, NC and NO always connect to

this, it is the moving part of the switch.

NC = Normally Closed, COM/POLE is connected to

this when the relay coil is not magnetized.

NO = Normally Open, COM/POLE is connected to this

when the relay coil is MAGNETIZED and vice versa
Working And Time Period Calculation
• Here 555 timer is operated in monostable
mode.
• When the trigger input is applied,555 timer
produces a pulse. This pulse width depends on
R and c values.
• The above proposed circuit is a 1-10 minute
timer.When Pot is minimum it gives 1 minute
delay,where maximum value of pot can
produce 10 minutes.
• T=(R1+R2)*C1.seconds
• When  Pot is maximum R  is 120K+1.1M ≈ 1.2M
(approximately) and C1=470uf
• T= 1.2M*470uF = 620 seconds≈10 minutes. This
is the maximum time.
• For minimum time place the pot in least
position. Then R= 120k
 – Hence time T=120k*470uf=6 2 seconds~1
minute (approximately).
• A 12v relay is used to drive the ac load
connected at the output.
• Thus relay will be on for required amount of
time set by the user using pot and then it is
switched of automatically.
• This circuit is used in such applications where
the load is switched on for sometime and is off
for rest of the time.
Adjustable ON OFF Timer
(using 555 astable mode)
• In this circuit a timer with cyclic on off operations is
designed. This circuit uses very basic components like 555
timer and 4017 counter.
• These on off intervals can be adjusted by varying the 555
timer output and number of counter outputs.

components
• R1 and R2 – 47 KΩ

• R3 – 15K Ω

• VR1 – 1M Ω

• C1 100µF

• C2 0.01µF

• C3 0.1µF

• Diodes

• 555 Timer IC

• CD4017 IC

• BC 148 B Transistor

• 6 V/ 100 Ω SPST Relay

Working and Formula
• When the power supply is given ,555 timer produces
square wave at pin 3 as it is in astable mode.
• It gives a pulse width according to value of pot.
• T( high) =0.693*(R1+R2)*C 1
• T(low) =0.693*R1*C1
• This square wave is given to CD4017 IC decade
counter which has 10 outputs activated sequentially
upon a given clock input.
• The outputs of the decade counter drive the
transistor into active mode so that relay coil will be
energized. (Instead of 6v relay one can use 12v relay
also but relay should be applied with 12v instead of
6v.)
• Here the length of ON-time of the load is a multiple
of 555 timer period output and number of outputs
used in CD4017.
• Suppose in this circuit 3 outputs of CD4017 are
used.So,On time of load is 3 times of T (high) and off
time is 9 times of T(high).
• Therefore, ON and OFF can be varied for desired
duty cycles by appropriately connecting the pins of
decade counter.
• It is also possible to add a sensor or switch at reset
input of decade counter for automatic turning off
the load in emergency or needy (for an automatic
operation) situations.
IC 4017 Pin Diagram

• Pin-1: It is the output 5. It goes high when the counter reads 5

counts.

• Pin-2: It is the output 1. It goes high when the counter reads 0

counts.

• Pin-3: It is the output 0. It goes high when the counter reads 0

counts.

• Pin-4: It is the output 2. It goes high when the counter reads 2

counts.

• Pin-5: It is the output 6. It goes high when the counter reads 6

counts.

• Pin-6: It is the output 7. It goes high when the counter reads 7

counts.

• Pin-7: It is the output 3. It goes high when the counter reads 3

counts.
 • Pin-8: It is the Ground pin which should be connected to a LOW
voltage (0V).

• Pin-9: It is the output 8. It goes high when the counter reads 8

counts.

• Pin-10: It is the output 4. It goes high when the counter reads 4

counts.

• Pin-11: It is the output 9. It goes high when the counter reads 9

counts.

• Pin-12: This is divided by 10 output which is used to cascade the

IC with another counter so as to enable counting greater than the
range supported by a single IC 4017.

• Pin-13: This pin is the disable pin.

• Pin-14: This pin is the clock input. This is the pin from where we
need to give the input clock pulses to the IC in order to advance
the count.

• Pin-15: This is the reset pin which should be kept LOW for normal
operation. If you need to reset the IC, then you can connect this
pin to HIGH voltage.

• Pin-16: This is the power supply (Vcc) pin. This should be given a
HIGH voltage of 3V to 15V for the IC to function.
Most of us are more comfortable with 1, 2, 3, 4… rather than 001, 010,
011, 100. We mean to say that we will need a decimal coded output in
many cases rather than a raw binary output. We have many counter ICs
available but most of them produce binary data as an output. We will again
need to process that output by using decoders or any other circuitry to
make it usable for our application in most of the cases.
APPLICATIONS AND
ADVANTAGES
• Let us understand the application of this circuit. For example in air
coolers, there is a pump that pumps water to the mat. This need
not be switched on continuously .

• It can be ON until cooler mats are wet and then it can switched
off. Again when they are dry it should pump the water.
• IT COULD PREVENT THE UNNECESSARY WASTAGE OF ELECTRICITY

• WITH SOME FURTHER ADVANCEMENT WE CAN CONTROL THE APPLIANCES

OVER WIFI OR BLUETOOTH ETC

IT GIVES THE FLEXIBILITY TO CONTROL ANY HOME APPLIANCES