Consulting Math Drills

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Consulting Math Drills

Chart Questions
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Chart Questions
Consulting Math Drills – Chart Questions
Practice Package Overview and Instructions

This practice package has been developed to provide sample of the actual Math calculations
candidates have to perform throughout the Management Consulting Recruiting process including
entrance tests (E.g.: McKinsey Problem Solving Test, BCG Potential Test) and Case Interviews.
This package assesses your ability to accurately and quickly calculating chart-based and
exhibit-based business math problems. This practice package contains 66 questions from 22
Charts and Exhibits.
All questions in this package are based on charts or exhibitions. Users have to extract conceptual
and quantitative data from various real consulting charts and exhibits and perform calculations
upon.
Remember that of the two criteria (1) accuracy and (2) quickness, accuracy is more important in
case interviews. Interviewers rather allow more time for candidates to perform calculations
correctly than get quick but wrong answers. In entrance tests (McKinsey PST or BCG Potential
Test), a balance approach should be targeted. Since time allowed in those tests are very tight,
slowing down the pace to get perfectly accurate answers may not be beneficial.
While completing this practice package, do no use any electronic devices (e.g., calculator,
computer) when performing calculations to answer the questions.
Depending on your purpose of using this package (for Case Interview Prep or for Entrance Test
Prep), the appropriate methods of using this package are different.
 Case Interview Prep: Practice 1 case (3 or 4 questions per case) at a time. Target 100%
accuracy. Any score less than 100% is considered failed. When you can consistently
passing cases, try to reduce the time. You may practice calculating out loud as if you are
presenting your calculation to interviewers.
 Entrance Test Prep (McKinsey PST or BCG Potential Test): Also practice 1 case at a
time. Only allow yourselves 3-6 minutes per case (start long then gradually moving
down). Then try to increase the number of correct answers within the pre-targeted time
allowed.
Please let us know if any questions or suggestions. Good luck with your study and career!
PLEASE GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
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Chart Questions
Case 1: The Chemistry of Employee Enthusiasm

Based on a Bain & Company research
Organizations have been trying for years to cultivate employee engagement. Over the past seven
years, companies with highly engaged workers grew revenues two and a half times as much as
those with low engagement levels. Additionally, stocks of companies with a high-trust work
environment outperformed market indexes by a factor of three from 1997 through 2011.
A survey was conducted in 2011 to measure how often an employee recommends his / her own
company as a place to work to friends and family.
Exhibit 1.1
Employee Net Promoter* by Region
* Note: n = 5,102; Employee Net Promoter Score = % Promoter - % Detractor; Response

categorized as Promoter (9-10), Passives (7-8), or Detractor (1-6) for the following question:
“On the scale from 0 to 10, how much would you recommend your company as a place of work
to a friend or family member?”
1.1: Suppose the overall Net Promoter score is negative 11%. What is the best estimate of the
number of respondents in North America?
1.2: What is the best estimate of the average rating of Europe respondents on the scale from 0 to
10 on the question “how much would you recommend your company as a place of work to a
friend or family member”?
1.3: If we re-categorized “Promoter” as 7 or above and “Detractor” as 6 or below, how many

percent point the Europe Net Promoter score would increase?
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Chart Questions
Exhibit 1.2
Employee Net Promoter* by Position
* Note: n =? ; Employee Net Promoter Score = % Promoter - % Detractor; Response categorized

as Promoter (9-10), Passives (7-8), or Detractor (1-6) for the following question:
“On the scale from 0 to 10, how much would you recommend your company as a place of work
to a friend or family member?”
1.4: Based on the information on the Exhibit 1.1 and 1.2 above, which of the following
statements is FALSE?
You may want to read more on the topic “conclusion vs. likely-to-be true” available on our
website at: http://www.mconsultingprep.com/problem-solving-test/how-to-prepare/fact-based-
conclusion/
A. Most respondents in Exhibit 1.2 are from Europe

B. All respondents in Exhibit 1.2 are from Europek
C. Most respondents in Exhibit 1.2 are from North America
D. All respondents in Exhibit 1.2 are from North America
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Chart Questions
Case 2: Aircraft manufacturing cost structure

Based on a McKinsey & Company research
Demand for aircraft in emerging countries is surging. Naturally, these countries also want a piece
of the process as suppliers of higher-value components—and eventually as assemblers of
aircraft. Currently, the chief attraction of these nations, especially China and India, as suppliers is
lower labor costs. The cost of labor, which on average is three to five times lower in these
countries than it is in the developed world, makes emerging markets attractive for labor-intensive
maintenance and repair services.
Presented in Exhibit 2 is the aircraft manufacturing cost structure comparison between high-cost
countries and low-cost countries in 2012:
Exhibit 2
Aircraft manufacturing cost structure comparison
* Notes: Index: 100 = current costs in high-cost countries

1
Management complexity, risk, supply chain complexity
2
Landed costs include inbound transportation costs-e.g., duties, taxes.
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Chart Questions
2.1: Suppose the world’s materials cost decreased by 10%, but the labor cost in low-cost
countries increased by 20% (other costs remained unchanged). How many percent would the
aircraft manufacturing cost in low-cost countries be equal to that in high-cost countries? (Round
to whole percent point)
2.2: Suppose the world average labor cost is 23 and there are 200 countries in the world divided
into either high-cost or low-cost countries with cost structure presented on the exhibit 2. How
many low-cost countries are there in the world?
2.3: Suppose there were 180 countries surveyed, in which the number of low-cost countries was
25% higher than that of high-cost countries. What would be the world’s average aircraft
manufacturing cost? (Round to the nearest whole number)
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Chart Questions
Case 3: The Era of Digital Health

Based on a Bain & Company research
The advent of digital health can provide the information and connectivity to the potential to
change the setting of where and how care is delivered, how data will be collected and used, how
care may be managed against well-defined standards of care, how drugs and devices will be
evaluated by payers, and how patients themselves may use the new integrated information to
choose providers and treatments.
A research on a Bahrain population sample was conducted by a Bain & Company team on how
digital health will facilitate three fundamental shifts in healthcare, one of which is bending the
cost curve in the next decade. The result is presented in Exhibit 3 below:
Exhibit 3
Average Healthcare Costs Reduction
3.1: How many percent can full potential digital health adopters reduce average healthcare costs
per capita annually?
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Chart Questions
3.2: Assume that the current population of Bahrain was 1,2M people, in which:
 30% receives full digital healthcare

 21% adopts digital healthcare services of successful management of high-cost patients
 37% adopts digital healthcare services of great delivery system optimization
 The rest receives services with no advancement to digital healthcare.
How many percent will the annual total healthcare costs be reduced for the overall population of
Bahrain? (Assume the sample does represent the whole population)
3.3: Of the three advancement levers, management of high-cost patient efficiency is the only
one that can reduce even more than what is shown on the chart. Regarding information provided
in the previous question, if we want to increase the total annual healthcare cost saving 5 percent
points, how much (in dollar) does management of high-cost patient efficiency has to reduce
further?
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Chart Questions
Case 4: Mobile-money Perception Ladder

A research has been conducted on the perception of mobile-money on a sample size of 184
participants in the Philippines. Exhibit 4 shows a funnel-like data presentation of the survey
result.
Exhibit 4
Comparison of mobile-money awareness and perception, share of participants responding
positively (n = 184 Philippines), %
4.1: Assume that the population of Philippines is 90 million, what is the best estimate of the
number of people frequently using mobile-money in the country?
4.2: If we want to increase the percentage of people intending to try mobile-money to 14%, what
would the percentage of people being aware of mobile-money have to be? Assume that all
current conversion rates stay the same.
4.3: It is projected that the number of people considering mobile-money will increase to 32.4
million in the following year. What is the growth rate of this group?
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Chart Questions
Case 5: BRIC Truck Markets

Based on a BCG research
A research has been conducted to find out how the BRIC truck markets will shift over the 2010 -
2020 decade. Exhibit 5 presents how surveyed customers rank their criteria when considering
purchasing a truck and projects the market shares of each segment in BRIC markets (the BRIC
countries include Brazil, Russia, India, and China)
Exhibit 5
BRIC Truck Markets Trending
5.1: How many percent points has the Low cost segment’s market share been decreasing from
2010 to 2020 according to the Exhibit 5?
5.2: What is the growth rate (in percentage) of the Midmarket segment between 2010 and 2020?
5.3: Of the rise (number of trucks) of Midmarket segment between 2010 and 2020, what portion
(in %) is caused by market growth and what portion is caused by segment growth?
5.4: A rating system has been developed based on customer criteria shown on the Exhibit 5 to
rate attractiveness level of particular trucks. The importance level of each criteria is translated
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Chart Questions
into criteria weight in such a way that importance level and criteria weight are perfectly
correlated.
Which is relatively more important (more weight in each particular year)?
 TCO & quality in 2010 vs. Engine power in 2020

 Attractive styling in 2010 vs. Driver comfort in 2020
 Service coverage in 2010 vs. Safety features in 2020
5.5: Two trucks were rated from 0 to 10 using the 8 criteria as following (with 10 being perfect):
Customer rating, Toyota Tacoma vs. Cadillac Escalade

Purchase Engine TCO& Technical Driver Safety Service Attractive
price power quality innovation comfort features coverage styling
Toyota 8 6 7 6 6 5 8 6
Tacoma
Cadillac 3 8 9 7 8 8 6 8
Escalade
Supposed that customer rating for each car is identical in 2010 and 2020. Which of the above
trucks is preferred in 2010 and 2020?
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Chart Questions
Case 6: China Online User

A research has been conducted to find out how the internet is getting more influenced by video
content in. Exhibit 6 shows some data of China, one of the world’s biggest internet markets.
Exhibit 6
China’s online video users*, 2006-15, millions
* Internet users who watched online video content in past 6 months.
6.1: What is the best estimate of the market size of Internet in China (measured by number of
users) in 2015?
6.2: How many percent did the number of internet users grow in 2011?
6.3: At any point has the number of online video users been growing slower than the number of
internet users? If yes, when?
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Chart Questions
Case 7: European Mobile Phone Usage

A research has been conducted to find out the usage share of different segments of mobile-phone
users in Europe.
Exhibit 7
Key segment characteristics, share of usage (n = 20,101 European mobile-phone users), %
7.1: How many non-traditionalist mobile-phone users are there in Europe?
7.2: What is the appropriate ranking (from high to low) of voice usage per user for the 4 major
segments?
7.3: What is the appropriate ranking (from high to low) of data usage by time per user for the 4
major segments?
7.4: What is the appropriate ranking (from high to low) of data usage by MB per user for the 4
major segments?
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Chart Questions
Case 8: Future Growth in Chinese Consumption

A research has been conducted on the growth of population and consumption in China, sample
placed in small and big urban cities only. The survey result is summarized in the chart below:
Exhibit 8
Survey result on Future Growth of Chinese Consumption, 2013
* Notes: MACs = middle-class and affluent consumers; all survey results data are included in
the exhibit.
8.1: Assume that the urban population of China in 2012-2013 was approximately 15M people,
65% of which took part in the survey, and the total annual urban consumption of China in 2012
was $25 billion. In average, how much USD did each MAC spend in 2012?
8.2: Assume that the total annual urban consumption of China is to be increased to $48 billion in
2020. Which portion of the increase amount is to be generated by middle-class and affluent
people?
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Chart Questions
8.3: Assume that of the people taking part in the survey, 35% were in the group age of 35-44 and
they were divided equally between big and small cities. Did the number of people with
increasing or stable spending increased or decreased, by how many percent?
8.4: Not considering the assumptions given in previous questions and only regarding the Exhibit
8, which of the following is a TRUE conclusion?
You may want to read more on the topic “fact-based conclusion vs unproven conclusion”
available on our website at: http://www.mconsultingprep.com/problem-solving-test/how-to-
prepare/fact-based-conclusion/
A. The increasing value in consumption in both big and small cities is correlated with the
increasing number in population of respective cities from 2012 to 2020.
B. The number of non MACs is decreasing, causing a negative impact on their
consumption growth rate.
C. The age group of 18-34 is the only group that has seen a positive impact on their
consumption growth.
D. The number of surveyed people saying their spending will decrease is smaller than
the number of those saying their spending will increase or stay the same.
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Chart Questions

A recent BCG research has been conducted on the massive trends in performance over the past
ten years in the engineering, construction and service industry in a group of country. Exhibit 9
presents the collected data as below:
Exhibit 9
Average size of all infrastructure projects, indexed to 2005
* Notes: The quartiles are defined each year by project size.
9.1: How many percent was the average size of all infrastructure projects (ASAIP) in the fourth
quartile of 2009 higher/lower than the annual ASAIP in 2009?
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Chart Questions
9.2: Given that the total number of infrastructure projects in 2006 was two thirds of that in 2007.
What was the best estimate of the growth rate of the total value of all infrastructure projects from
2006 to 2007?
9.3: Given that the real (ASAIP) in the first quartile of 2005 was $160 million. The projected
ASAIP in the first quartile of 2014 is 240, indexed to 2005. Of the projected number of 50
infrastructure projects in the first quartile of 2014, 30% is refinery projects with average value of
115 million USD per project. How many percent would the average value (in million USD) of
each refinery project have to increase if we want to increase the total value of all infrastructure
projects in the first quartile of 2014 by 25%?
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Chart Questions
Case 10: Consumers’ Perception of Online Media

In a recent BCG research on the perception of online media conducted on citizens of a number of
countries in the world, a detailed profile for Czech Republic illustrating Czech consumers’
perspectives on the media and the perceived value from the sector is found. The profile is
presented in Exhibit 10.1 and Exhibit 10.2:
Exhibit 10.1
Numbers and types of devices owned and to be owned by Czech consumers
Given that the survey is conducted on a sample of 13,200 Czech consumers.
10.1: Of all respondents to the survey, 18% currently own 1 device and no respondent owns 0
device. How many desktops are currently owned by those who only own 1 device?
10.2: Assume that of the total number of respondents who expect to own 3-5 devices in 3 years,
30% choose 3 devices and 18% chose 5 devices. How many smartphones are to be owned by this
group in 3 years?
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Chart Questions
Exhibit 10.2
Average annual consumer surplus per connected consumer by media category (€)
10.3: Based on Exhibit 10.2: If a Czech connected consumer spends approximately €350 on both
online and offline media, what is the best estimate of his perceived value for each branch of
media?
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Chart Questions
Case 11: Landed cost of LNG

Recently, a research has been conducted on the impacts that relevant parties’ actions have on the
standardized landed cost of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LNG sector) in several countries. Exhibit
11.1 summarizes the data, taking the cost in Canada as the benchmark, as follows:
Exhibit 11.1
Reduction impacts on the standardized landed cost of LNG, $/mmbtu
* Notes: mmbtu is a traditional measurement unit of energy.
11.1: How many percent is the initial unit cost savings decreased by the total individual impacts?
11.2: Assume that policy makers would take no action, how many percent is the maximum
realistic unit landed cost higher/lower than the current average unit landed cost in Canada?
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Chart Questions
Case 12: Indian Banking Market

Recently, a research has been conducted on the market valuing trend for 2 groups of banks in
India: Attackers (new private and foreign banks) and Incumbents (old private and public sector
banks) from 2000 to 2007. Exhibit 12 represents all data as follows:
Exhibit 12
Comparison of metrics measuring the market share of Indian banking market, 2000 – 2007
* Notes: P/BV = Price to Book Value ratio
P/E = Price to Earnings ratio
12.1: How many percent did Attackers’ assets growth from 2000 to 2007?
12.2: Assume that the ROE (Return on Equity ratio, or Profit / Equity) of Incumbents in 2007
was about 12%. What portion (in %) of the total assets of Incumbents in 2007 is financed
through equity?
12.3: Given that the P/E ratio of a company equals to Price per share / Earnings per share, and
the Market cap is to the total price value of all shares. What portion (in %) of Profits of Attackers
was not accounted as “Total Earnings” in 2007?
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Chart Questions
Case 13: Countries Priorities Ranking

Recently BCG has collaborated with the World Economic Forum to conduct a survey on the
most important dimensions of value by different country types. Respondents were asked to rank
dimensions of priority for their country. Collected data are presented as percentage of times that
each dimension was ranked 1st or 2nd in Exhibit 13 below:
Exhibit 13
Ranking of Priory Dimensions (based on percentage of times ranked 1st and 2nd), %
* Notes: Country Classification is based on World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness

Index.
Assume that there were 2,600 respondents joining the survey, of which a quarter is from factor-
driven countries and half of the rest from innovation-driven countries.
13.1: Which country type has the most respondents ranking Employment 1st and 2nd?
13.2: In total, how many respondents ranked Social 1st and 2nd?
13.3: Let’s say there were 350 respondents from efficiency-driven countries ranking downstream
1st and 2nd. All other information remaining the same, what is the total number of respondents
joining the survey?
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Chart Questions
Case 14: The US as one of the Developed World’s Lowest-cost Manufacturers

According to a recent BCG research, the US now has a distinct production cost advantage
compared with other developed economies that are leading manufacturers. There are three key
drivers of this cost advantage. Exhibit 14 presents projected data below:
Exhibit14
Average projected manufacturing cost structures of the major exporting nations relative to
the US, 2015
14.1: Comparing the cost in the US with the average cost in other countries, how many percent is
the cost in the US lower?
14.2: How many percent is labor cost in Italy projected to be higher than in the UK?
14.3: If the average cost of a unit of manufacturing in Japan is 210 USD, what would be the
average cost of a unit of manufacturing (in Euro) in France? Given that 1 Euro = 1.34 USD.
14.4: In 2020, it is projected that the natural gas cost in the US, Germany, the UK and China is
respectively 12, 18, 16, 15 (USD). Natural gas cost in the US has been the same from 2015 to
2020. Assume that the US cost structure is still taken as index and other costs are projected to be
the same, calculate the total cost index of Germany, the UK and China in 2020.
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Chart Questions
Case 15: Innovative Companies

BCG has been running a survey every two years to find out what are the most innovative
companies worldwide.
Among the many indicators of the current and future robustness of the innovation environment,
two of the most critical include the relative priority of innovation and the outlook for increased
innovation spending over the coming year. A comparison of the 2010 and 2012 lists shows a
sharp shift as presented on the Exhibit 15.
Exhibit 15
Breakdown of 2012’s 30 most innovative company
15.1: In which industry has there been the most turbulence (measure by the difference in the
number of company of the particular industry between the 2010 and 2012 list)?
15.2: In which industry are there the most newbies (measured by the number of completely new
companies and the percentage of particular industry companies being completely new)?
15.3: Which industry has the third most companies featured in the 2010 list?
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Chart Questions
Case 16: Emerging-market cities

A large portion of the world population is already in emerging-market cities and this trend will
continue even further in the future. Exhibit 16 shows the historical and projected population
growth of different segments.
Exhibit 16
Population growth
16.1: Precisely, how many people will be living in all rural areas in 2030? (Precise to millions
people)
16.2: What is the overall growth rate of the world population outside developed-market cities
(not the annual growth rate) between 2010 and 2030?
16.3: What is the approximate overall growth rate of world population between 2030 and 2050?
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Chart Questions
Case 17: Australia International Education

Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States have been the top three study abroad
destinations for decades thanks to their advanced education systems and the English-speaking
environments. Exhibit 17 shows comparison between the three countries in term of pricing and
share of higher-education commencements.
Exhibit 17
Pricing and Share of HE commencements comparison
17.1: What is the approximate UK’s share of three-country total of HE commencements in 2009?
17.2: Rank higher education price from high to low between the three countries in 2009 and
2011.
17.3: The average price of Higher education in the US in 2005 is $30 thousand per year. What is
the approximate price of Higher education price in Australia and the UK in 2005?
17.4: In 2009, there are approximately 194 thousands international higher education
commencements the US. In 2011, there are approximately 308.5 thousands international higher
education commencements in the UK. How much (in percent) has the number of
commencements in Australia been growing from 2009 to 2011?
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Chart Questions
Case 18: Abroad Study

Abroad study has been nowadays increasingly popular worldwide. The student flow has been
increasing not only in quantity but also in diversity of sources and destinations.
Exhibit 18 shows a snapshot of that student flow in 2009.
Exhibit 18
18.1: How many percent of international higher education students in the US are from Asia?
18.2: “At least half of international higher education students in France are from Africa”. This
statement is true or false?
18.3: It is projected that in the next 3 years, the number of international higher education
students to Australia will increase by 15% and one fifths of the increasing amount are from
China. How many percent will the number of international higher education students from China
in Australia increase?
26
Chart Questions
Case 19: Chinese Internet Users

Increasingly, the Internet is becoming a staple in the everyday life of Chinese consumers across a
wide spectrum of lifestyles and incomes. Exhibit 19 breaks down Chinese Internet users into
segments with data insights to showcase the growth rate and potentials of each group.
Exhibit 19
Chinese Internet User Growth by Segment, 2008 – 2011 – 2015 estimate, millions
* Notes: - Internet users are defined as individuals aged 6 and older.
- The total number of urban residents is greater than the sum of urban residents by
segment because it includes children between the ages of 6 and eleven. Teenagers are individuals
aged from 12 to 18.
19.1: What is nation’s overall penetration rate of Internet users in 2011?
19.2: What was China’s total population of teenagers and university students in 2011?
19.3: What is the projected number of middle-aged Internet users in 2013?
19.4: Given that the nation’s overall penetration rate of Internet users in 2014 is 42%, what is the
projected Chinese’s population in 2014?
27
Chart Questions
Case 20: Indian Consumers Are Getting Digitally Influenced

A recent BCG research on capitalizing India’s digitally influenced consumers has shown that
digital penetration and influence will increase and have a significant impact on consumer
spending in the near future. Data are shown in Exhibit 20 as below:
Exhibit 20
“Digitally-influenced” Consumer Spending in India, 2012 - 2016
20.1: What is the growth rate of Population with Internet access from 2012 to 2016? What
portion (in %) of the increasing number is caused by national population growth and what
portion is caused by population with Internet access segment growth?
20.2: By how many percent is total spending by the digitally influenced urban population
increased from 2012 to 2016?
20.3: Given that spending by the rural population with Internet access in 2012 is 55 $billion and
it is projected that the annual spending per consumer with Internet access from 2012 to 2016 is
6%. What is the average spending per consumer with Internet access in 2016?
28
Chart Questions
Answer Key
Case 1: The Chemistry of Employee Enthusiasm
1.1: 1,276 respondents from North America
Net Promoter Score in North America: - 3%

Net Promoter Score in Europe: - 34%
The overall Net Promoter Score is - 11%, roughly ¼ way from -3% to -34%.
Therefore, roughly ¼ of the total weight is from North America. Take ¼ times the total 5,102
respondents; we can estimate that there are 1,276 respondents from North America.
1.2: 5.8
19% of Europe respondents give an average rating of ~9.5 (average of 9-10 range).
53% of Europe respondents give an average rating of ~3.5 (average of 1-6 range).
The rest (28%) of Europe respondents give an average rating of ~7.5 (average of 7-8 range).
Taking the weighted average of the three groups, we get an overall average Europe rating of 5.8.
1.3: 28 percent points
28% of Europe respondents give passive rating (7-8). If this group is moved into the promote
group, the Net Europe Promoter Score increase by 28%.
(Net Promoter Score = % Promoter - % Demoter)
1.4: B
Net Promote Scores of all 4 employee groups in the Exhibit 1.2 are higher than the Net Europe
Promoter Score (-34%). Therefore there must be some North America respondents. B is proven
False.
Read more on this concept at: http://www.mconsultingprep.com/problem-solving-test/how-to-

29
Chart Questions
Case 2: Aircraft manufacturing cost structure
2.1: 81.05%
According to the assumptions, the world’s new materials cost would be 50 * 0.90 = 45 and the
new labor cost in low-cost countries would be 10 * 1.2 = 12.
Thus, the new total cost in high-cost countries = 100 – 5 = 95 and the new total cost in low-cost
countries = 80 – 5 + 2 = 77
So, the new total cost in low-cost countries = (77/95) = 81.05% the new total cost in high-cost
countries.
2.2: 96
Let X be the number of low-cost countries in the world, so (200-X) is the number of high-cost
countries.
We have the equation:
[10 * X + 35 * (200 – X)] / 200 = 23
 10X – 35X + 7000 = 4600
 25X = 2400
X = 96
So, there are 96 low-cost countries in the world.
2.3: 89
Let X be the number of low-cost countries in the survey, so (180 – X) high-cost countries in the
surveys. We have: X = 125% * (180 – X)
Solving this equation, we get X = 100. So, there were 100 low-cost countries and 80 high-cost
countries in the survey.
The world’s average aircraft manufacturing cost then equals:
(100 * 80 + 80 * 100) / 180 = 89
30
Chart Questions
Case 3: The Era of Digital Health
3.1: 27.6%
(9,400 – 6,800) / 9,400 = 27.6%
3.2: 19.7%
{(1,2M * 9,400) - [(30% *1,2M * 6,800) + (21% * 1,2M * 7,100) + (37% * 1,2M * 7,800) +
(12% * 1,2M * 9,400)]} / (1,2M * 9,400) = 19.7%
3.3: 2,223
The goal is to increase the savings percentage by 5 percent points, which means 24.7%. Let X be
the average annual healthcare cost per capita of people with access to management of high-cost
patient efficiency level, we have:
{(1,2M * 9,400) - [(30% *1,2M * 6,800) + (21% * 1,2M * X) + (37% * 1,2M * 7,800) + (12% *
1,2M * 9,400)]} / (1,2M * 9,400) = 24.7%
Solving this equation, we get X ~ 4,877. So the management of high-cost patient efficiency level
has to reduce (7,100 – 4,877) = 2,223 more.
Case 4: Mobile-money Perception Ladder
4.1: 2,250,000
90 million x 2.5% = 2,250,000
4.2: 77.6%
14% / 44% / 41% = 77.6%
4.3: 33.3%
The current number of people considering mobile-money is 27% x 90 million = 24.3 million
The growth rate is (32.4 – 24.3) / 24.3 x 100% = 33.3%
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Chart Questions
Case 5: BRIC Truck Markets
5.1: 45% points
(2,251 / 3,552) x 100% - (785 / 4,298) x 100% = 45% (points)
5.2: 152.36%
(2,998 – 1,188) / 1,188 x 100% = 152.36%
5.3: 21% by market growth; 79% by segment growth
The rise in quantity of Midmarket segment between 2010 and 2020: 2,998 – 1,188 = 1,810
(thousand trucks)
If the segment share is the same in 2010 and 2020, the rise in number of trucks will only be
resulted by market growth (from total of 3,552 to 4,298 thousand trucks). That rise is:
[1,188 x (4,298/3,552)] – 1,188 = 250 (thousand trucks)
So 250 / 1,188 = 21% of the total rise is caused by market growth and the remaining 79% is
caused by segment growth.
5.4:
 TCO & quality in 2010 < Engine power in 2020

 Attractive styling in 2010 < Driver comfort in 2020
 Service coverage in 2010 > Safety features in 2020
The total point of importance level in 2010 is 5 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 3 +1 = 15
The relative important level (or criteria weight) for criteria asked on the question is:
 TCO & quality: 2 / 15 = 13%

 Attractive styling: 1 / 15 = 7%
 Service coverage: 3 / 15 = 20%
Doing the same calculation for 2020 we got:
 Engine power: 4 / 28 = 14%

 Driver comfort: 3 / 28 = 11%
 Safety features: 4 / 28 = 14%
5.5: Toyota Tacoma in 2010; Cadillac Escalade in 2020
32
Chart Questions
This is a very good example of how candidate may not go through the traditional approach. The
computation in this question is not hard but very time consuming. Before touching on that “time
consuming” computation, let’s discuss how I (a former consultant) would response if I get this
question on a case interview.
“According to the 80-20 principle, we should spend our effort on things that take little work but
create high impact. For this question, I would like to first provide a quick hypothesis based on a
quick observation of the data. After that we may discuss on whether or not we should go into the
lengthy calculations to confirm my hypothesis. Is this approach ok to you”?
99% of case interviewers would love to hear this and 90% of them will let you show that “quick
estimation” as following.
“I see a trend on the Exhibit 5 that people’s preference is shifting away from cheap pricing. So
my quick hypothesis is that the Toyota Tacoma, a low-cost truck with average score on most
other features, would be preferred in 2010. In 2020, people’s preference would shift toward the
Cadillac Escalade, a premium truck with outstanding score on most other features”.
At this point, if the interviewer is already satisfied, that’s great. You save yourselves some
valuable minutes for solving the case, not running the risk of doing wrong calculation and still
score great on the evaluation sheet.
In rare situations where the interviewer still wants to see the calculation, refer to the table below
for the answer key.
Purchase Engine TCO& Technical Driver Safety Service Attractive

Price Power quality innovation comfort features Coverage styling
2010 Importance level 5 1 2 1 1 1 3 1
2010 criteria weight 33.3% 6.7% 13.3% 6.7% 6.7% 6.7% 20.0% 6.7%
2020 Importance level 3 4 4 3 3 4 4 3
2020 criteria weight 10.7% 14.3% 14.3% 10.7% 10.7% 14.3% 14.3% 10.7%
Toyota Tacoma customer

8 6 7 6 6 5 8 6
rating
Cadillac Escalade
3 8 9 7 8 8 6 8
customer rating
People preference for

2.67 0.40 0.93 0.40 0.40 0.33 1.60 0.40 7.13
Toyota Tacoma in 2010
0.86 0.86 1.00 0.64 0.64 0.71 1.14 0.64 6.50
Toyota Tacoma in 2020

1.00 0.53 1.20 0.47 0.53 0.53 1.20 0.53 6.00
Cadillac Escalade in 2010
0.32 1.14 1.29 0.75 0.86 1.14 0.86 0.86 7.21
Cadillac Escalade in 2020
33
Chart Questions
Case 6: China Online User
6.1: 800 millions
712 million / 89% = 800 (millions Internet users)
6.2: 15%
The number of Internet users in 2010 is 394 million / 82% = 480.49 million
The number of Internet users in 2011 is 465 million / 84% = 553.57 million
The growth rate of the number of Internet users in 2011 is (553.57 – 480.49) / 480.49 x 100% =
15%
6.3: No.
Because the number of online video users as % of Internet users (Penetration) has been
continuously increasing.
34
Chart Questions
Case 7: European Mobile Phone Usage
7.1: 7,035
35% x 20,101 = 7,035
7.2: Mobile omnivores – Data entertainers – Data practicals - Traditionalists
Regarding voice usage per user:
Traditionalists: 46% / 65% = 71%
Data practicals: 9% / 12% = 75%
Data entertainers: 10% / 13% = 77%
Mobile omnivores: 35% / 10% = 350%
7.3: Mobile omnivores – Data practicals – Data entertainers - Traditionalists
Regarding data usage by time per user:
7.4: Mobile omnivores – Data entertainers – Data practicals - Traditionalists
Regarding data usage by MB per user:
35
Chart Questions
8.1: A little over $9 thousand
In 2012, the number of Chinese people taking part in the survey was 15M x 65% = 9.75M
Of 9.75M Chinese people taking part in the survey, there were 9.75M x (13 + 15) % = 2.73M
MACs
In average, each MAC spent 25B / 2.73M = 9,158 USD in 2012.
8.2: 97.7%
The value of consumption generated by MACs in 2012 = 25B * 58% = 14.5B
The value of consumption generated by MACs in 2020 = 48B * 77% = 37B
The increase in value of consumption generated by MACs from 2012 to 2020 = 37B – 14.5B =
22.5B
Thus, the increase in value of consumption generated by MACs takes up 22.5B / (480B – 250B)
= 97.7% of the total increase in value of total consumption.
8.3: 2.2%
The number of surveyed people within the group age of 35-44 was (15M x 65%) x 35% = 3.4M,
of which half (1.7M) were from big cities and the other half from small cities.
In this group, the number of people saying that there spending will increase or stay the same in
2012 and 2013 was respectively:
In 2013: (1.7M x 68%) + (1.7M x 64%) = 2,252,250 people
In 2012: [1.7M x (68% - 4%)] + [1.7M x (64% + 7%)] = 2,303,438 people
So the number was decreased by (2,303,438 - 2,252,250) / 2,303,437.5 x 100% = 2.22%
8.4: D
A is unproven because the number of urban population and the value or urban consumption of
each city type in 2012 and 2010 are unknown, so the statement cannot be concluded.
B is unproven because only the percentage of non MACs in total urban population in 2012 and
2020 were revealed, we cannot conclude anything about the number of non MACs without data
about total urban population in these years.
36
Chart Questions
C is unproven. The percentage changes from 2012 to 2013 of 18-34 people with stable or
increasing spending are 1% (decrease) and 7% (increase) in big and small cities does not mean
that the percentage change of the whole group is positive. It depends on the number of surveyed
people within this group age in each city type.
D is proven TRUE because the percentage of people saying that their spending will increase or
stay the same is always bigger than that of people saying that their spending will decrease in all
group age and in both city type.
Read more on this concept at: http://www.mconsultingprep.com/problem-solving-test/how-to-

37
Chart Questions
9.1: 56%
Annual ASAIP in 2009 (indexed to 2005): (190 + 105 + 98 + 94)/4 = 121.75 ($millions)
ASAIP in the fourth quartile of 2009 is higher than the annual ASAIP in 2009 by (190 – 121.75)
/ 121.75 x 100% = 56.1%
9.2: 58%
Annual ASAIP in 2006 (indexed to 2005): (110 + 101 + 100 + 99)/4 = 102.5
Annual ASAIP in 2007 (indexed to 2005): (130 + 104 + 99 + 98)/4 = 107.75
If X is the number of infrastructure projects in 2006, 1.5X will be the number of infrastructure
project in 2007.
The growth rate can be estimated by this equation:
(1.5X * 107.75 – X * 102.5) / X * 102.5 = (1.5 * 107.75 – 102.5) / 102.5 = 57.7%
9.3: 278%
The real ASAIP in the first quartile of 2014: 160 x (240 / 100) = $384 million
The total value of all refinery projects: 50 x 30% x 115 = $1,725 million
The total value of all remaining projects: (384 x 50 – 1,725) = $17,475 million
If we want to increase the total value of all infrastructure projects in the first quartile of 2014 by
25%, it would be: 384 x 50 x 1.25 = $24,000 million
The new average size of each refinery project: (24,000 – 17,475) / 15 = $435 million
So the value of each refinery project needs to grow by: (435 – 115) / 115 = 278.26%
38
Chart Questions
10.1: 1,235
Number of people who own 1 device only: 18% x 13,200 = 2,376 (people)
Number of desktops currently owned by this group: 2,376 x 52% = 1,235
10.2: 1,757
Number of people expecting to own 3-5 devices in 3 years: 53% x 13,200 = 6,996
Number of people choosing 3 devices: 6,996 x 30% = 2,099
Number of people choosing 5 devices: 6,996 x 18% = 1,259
Number of people choosing 4 devices: 6,996 – 2,099 – 1,259 = 3,638
Number of smartphones owned by this group in 3 years: 29% x 2,099 + 25% x 3,638 + 19% x
1,259 = 1,757
10.3: Offline media: €1,249; Online media: €1,717
We see that the average ratio of price paid on offline media to price paid on online media is 188 /
58 = 94 / 29. Of the total spending on media of €350, this consumer spends € [350 / (94 + 29)] x
94 = €267.5 on offline media and €82.5 on online media.
Best estimate of his perceived value for offline media: (€267.5 / €188) x €878 = €1,249
Best estimate of his perceived value for online media: (€82.5 / €58) x €1,207 = €1,717
39
Chart Questions
Case 11: Landed cost of LNG
11.1: 14%
1.7 / 12 x 100% = 14.17%
11.2: From 7.4 % to 10.9%
If policy makers would make no action, the maximum realistic unit landed cost = 12 – 0.9 – 0.9
= 10.2, higher than the average unit landed cost in Canada which is 9.2~9.5, by [(10.2 – 9.5) /
9.5] = 7.37% to [(10.2 – 9.2) / 9.2] = 10.87%.
40
Chart Questions
12.1: ~500%
Attackers’ assets in 2000 = 1,133,000 x 12% = 135,960 Rs crore
Attackers’ assets in 2007 = 3,384,000 x 26% = 812,160 Rs crore
The growth rate of Attacker’s assets from 2000 to 2007 = (812,160 – 135,960) / 135,960 x 100%
= 497.35%
12.2: 7.07%
ROE = Profits / Equity.
We have Profits of Incumbents in 2007 = 31,230 x 68% = 21,236.4 Rs crore
ROE = 12%, thus Equity of Attackers in 2007 = 21,236.4 / 12% = 176,970 Rs crore
Incumbents’ share of assets in 2007 = 3,384,000 x 74% = 2,504,160 Rs crore
So, of total assets, equity accounted for 176,970 / 2,504,160 = 7.07%
12.3: 46%
For Attackers in 2007, we have market cap = 298,849 x 49% = 146,436 Rs Crore
P/E = 27, thus total Earnings of all shares = 146,436 / 27 = 5,423.6 Rs crore
Of total Profits, total Earnings accounted for 5,423.6 / (31,230 x 32%) = 54.27%
Thus, the remaining portion of total Profits not covered as Earnings = 100% - 54.27% = 45.73%
41
Chart Questions
From information provided in the case: there were 2600 people participating in the survey, in
which:
From factor-driven countries: 2600 / 4 = 650 respondents
From efficiency-driven countries: (2600-650) / 2 = 975 respondents and the rest 975 respondents
are from innovation-driven countries.
13.1: Innovation-driven countries
The number of respondents ranking Employment 1st and 2nd in each country type is:
Factor-driven countries: 650 x 31% = 202
Efficiency-driven countries: 975 x 34% = 332
Innovation-driven countries: 975 x 38% = 371
13.2: 770
The total number of respondents ranking Social as 1st and 2nd is (0 + 975 x 44% + 975 x 35%) =
770
13.3: 13,333
If there were 350 respondents from Efficiency-driven countries ranking Downstream 1st and 2nd,
the number of respondents from those countries is 350 / 7% = 5000
Thus, the number of total respondents of the survey is (5000 x2) / 0.75 = 13,333
42
Chart Questions
Case 14: The US as one of the Developed World’s Lowest-cost Manufacturers
14.1: 9.5%
The average cost index in other countries = (116 + 116 + 118 + 108 + 110 + 95) / 6 = 110.5
(110.5 – 100) / 110.5 = ~ 9.5%
Thus, the cost in the US is 9.5% lower than the average cost in other countries.
14.2: 58%
(30-19) / 19 x 100% = 57.9%
14.3: 156.26 Euro
The average cost of a unit of manufacturing (in USD) in France = 210 / 110 x 116 = 221.45 USD
The average cost of a unit of manufacturing (in Euro) in France = 221.45 / 1.34 = 156.26 Euro
14.4: Germany 118, the UK 110, China 98.5
In index, the natural gas cost in the US, Germany, the US and Japan would be 2, 9, 8, and 7.5. If
the US cost structure is still taken as index and other costs are projected to be the same, the total
cost index of Germany, the UK and China in 2020 is 118, 110, and 98.5 respectively.
43
Chart Questions
Case 15: Innovative Companies
15.1: Industrial products and processes
Number of Technology and telecom companies in 2012 list: 12 + 3 = 15

Number of Technology and telecom companies in 2010 list: 12 + 9 = 21
Difference in the number of Technology and telecom companies between the two lists: 6
Number of Industrial products and processes companies in 2012 list: 3 + 4 + 3 = 10

Number of Industrial products and processes companies in 2010 list: 3 + 0 = 3
Difference in the number of Industrial products and processes companies between the two
lists: 7
Repeat this process for all other industries, the greatest difference is in the Industrial products
and processes.
15.2: Energy and environment
Measured by the number of companies: Industrial products and processes and Technology
and telecom (3 new companies).
Measured by the percentage:
Technology and telecom: 3 / (12 + 0 + 3) = 20%

Industrial products and processes: 3 / (3 + 4 + 3) = 30%
Energy and environment: 1 / (0 + 1 +1) = 50%
Repeat this process for all other industries, the greatest percentage is found in the Energy and
environment industry.
15.3:
No.1: Technology and telecom: 15 + 9 = 24

No.2: Consumer and retail: 9 + 1 = 10
No.3: Automotive: 5 + 3 = 8
44
Chart Questions
Case 16: Emerging-market cities
16.1: 3,561 million people
When you get a “precise” question in a chart where number and grids are not clearly labeled,
your answer will be much stronger if you can provide a work-around to find the exact answer.
In this particular question, the precise answer can be found using the following method:
 From the text in the chart, we know there are 3,900 million people from emerging-
market cities in 2030.
 Divided this number by the share of world population (3,900 million / 46%) we get the
world population of 8,478 million people in 2030.
 All rural areas’ share of world population in 2030 is 42% (100% - 12% - 46%).
 Multiply this 42% by the world population of 8,478 million, we get 3,561 million people
living in all rural areas in 2030.
16.2: 22%
Using the same method in 16.1, we can calculate the population of different segments in 2010
and 2030 as following:
2010 2030
All rural areas 3,514 million 3,561 million
Emerging-market cities 2,600 million 3,900 million
Total population outside
6,114 million 7,461 million
developed-market cities
The growth rate is 22%.
16.3: ~10%
When you get an “approximate” question in case interview, the interviewer is interested in
getting a short-cut method from you. In these situations, the final answer is just as important as
a smart short-cut.
In this particular question, a possible short-cut is following:
Develop-market cities’ Share of world population is 12% in both 2030 and 2050. This means the
world population will grow at the same rate with developed-market cities’ population.
The population of developed-market cities will grow approximately 10% from 2030 and 2050.
45
Chart Questions
Case 17: Australia International Education
17.1: ~40%
When the word “approximately” is used, a quick answer is preferred to an exact result. So we
can and should use some estimation.
In 2009, Australia shares ~ 1/3 of total Aus + UK commencements (middle chart). This means
the number of commencements in the UK in 2009 is twice to that of Aus.
In 2009, the US shares ~1/2 of total US + UK commencements (right-hand chart). This means
the number of commencements in the US in 2009 is equal to that of the UK.
Combining the two pieces of data, we can infer that the UK share 2 / 5, or 40%, of the total HE
commencement in three countries in 2009.
17.2: 2009: US > Aus > UK

2011: Aus > US > UK
17.3:
Australia: $30 thousand * 95% = $28.5 thousand
The UK: $30 thousand / 120% = $25 thousand
17.4: 20%
Number of commencements in Australia in 2009: X
X / 34% = Number of commencements in Aus + the US in 2009 = 194 thousands + X
Solve for X we get 100 thousands
Number of commencements in Australia in 2011: Y
X / 28% = Number of commencements in Aus + the UK in 2011 = 308.5 thousands + Y
Solve for Y we get 120 thousands
So the number of commencements in Australia has grown 20% between 2009 and 2011.
46
Chart Questions
Case 18: Abroad Study
18.1: 66%
Total international higher education student (IHES) in the US: 3 m * 23% = 690 thousand
Number of IHES in the US from China: 0.5 m * 24% = 120 thousand
Number of IHES in the US from India: 0.2 m * 52% = 104 thousand
Number of IHES in the US from “Other Asia”: 0.9 m * 26% = 234 thousand
Total IHES in the US from Asia: (120 + 104 + 234) = 458 thousand, 66% of the total 690
thousand
18.2: FALSE
Total IHES in France: 3 m * 8% = 240 thousand
Number of IHES in France from Africa: 0.3 m * 31% = 93 thousand < half of 240 thousand
18.3: 51.4%
Increasing number of abroad students in Australia in the next five years: 15% x 8% x 3m = 36
thousand, of which 7.2 thousand (one fifths) are from China.
The current number of Chinese international higher education student in Australia: 0.5m x 14%
= 70 thousand.
Thus the percentage by which the number of Chinese international higher education student in
Australia will increase in the next 3 years = 36 / 70 x 100% = 51.4%
47
Chart Questions
Case 19: Chinese Internet Users
19.1: 38.5%
The number of urban residents (above age of 6) in 2011 = 377 / 55% = 685 (millions)
The number of rural residents (above age of 6) in 2011 = 136 / 21% = 648 (millions)
So, the nation’s overall penetration rate of Internet users in 2011 = (377+ 136) / (685 + 648) =
38.5%
Please be careful that even though 38.5% (our given solution) is very close to (55% + 21%) /2 =
38%, 38% is not the correct solution. The answer is close just because this is a special case
where the number of urban residents is close to that of rural residents.
19.2: 86 millions
China’s total population of teenagers and university students in 2011 = (45 / 87%) + (34/99%) =
86 (millions)
19.3: 118.5 millions
The projected number of middle-aged Internet users in 2013 = (44 x 1.15 x 1.15) + (58 x 1.02 x
1.02) = 118.5 (millions)
19.4: 1,558 millions
The number of Chinese Internet user in 2014 = (377 x 1.073) + (136 x 1.113) = 654.6 (millions)
The projected Chinese’s population in 2014 = 654.6 / 42% = 1,558 (millions)
48
Chart Questions
Case 20: Indian Consumers Are Getting Digitally Influenced
20.1: 164%
5.36% by national population growth; 94.64% by population with Internet access

segment growth
Growth rate: (330 – 125) / 125 = 164%
The increasing number of population with Internet access: 330 – 125 = 205 (millions)
The increasing number of population in 2016 that will result from the national population
growth: [125 x (1,275/1,210)] – 125 = 6.7 (millions)
So 6.7 / 125 = 5.36% is caused by national population growth and the remaining 94.64% is
caused by population with Internet access segment growth.
20.2: 9.7%
(450b / 125m – 115b / 35m) / (115b / 35m) x 100% = 9.7%
20.3: $2,828
Average spending per consumer with Internet access (rural and urban) in 2012: (225 + 55) b /
125m = 2,240 (USD)
Average spending per consumer with Internet access (rural and urban) in 2016: 2,240 * 1.064 =
2,828 (USD)
***
We hope this practice package is helpful in your preparation for management consulting. If you
have not done so, please visit our website for free in-depth theories and practice on Consulting
Math, Problem Solving Test, Case Interview and many more.
http://www.mconsultingprep.com/
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Consulting Math Drills – Chart Questions

Practice Package Overview and Instructions

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Case 1: The Chemistry of Employee Enthusiasm

* Note: n = 5,102; Employee Net Promoter Score = % Promoter - % Detractor; Response

1.3: If we re-categorized “Promoter” as 7 or above and “Detractor” as 6 or below, how many

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* Note: n =? ; Employee Net Promoter Score = % Promoter - % Detractor; Response categorized

A. Most respondents in Exhibit 1.2 are from Europe

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Case 2: Aircraft manufacturing cost structure

Aircraft manufacturing cost structure comparison

* Notes: Index: 100 = current costs in high-cost countries

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Case 3: The Era of Digital Health

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 30% receives full digital healthcare

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Case 4: Mobile-money Perception Ladder

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Case 5: BRIC Truck Markets

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Which is relatively more important (more weight in each particular year)?

 TCO & quality in 2010 vs. Engine power in 2020

Customer rating, Toyota Tacoma vs. Cadillac Escalade

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Case 6: China Online User

* Internet users who watched online video content in past 6 months.

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Case 7: European Mobile Phone Usage

7.1: How many non-traditionalist mobile-phone users are there in Europe?

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Case 8: Future Growth in Chinese Consumption

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Case 9: Future Growth in Chinese Consumption

* Notes: The quartiles are defined each year by project size.

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Case 10: Consumers’ Perception of Online Media

Given that the survey is conducted on a sample of 13,200 Czech consumers.

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Case 11: Landed cost of LNG

Reduction impacts on the standardized landed cost of LNG, $/mmbtu

* Notes: mmbtu is a traditional measurement unit of energy.

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Case 12: Indian Banking Market

* Notes: P/BV = Price to Book Value ratio

P/E = Price to Earnings ratio

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Case 13: Countries Priorities Ranking

* Notes: Country Classification is based on World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness

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Case 14: The US as one of the Developed World’s Lowest-cost Manufacturers

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Case 15: Innovative Companies

Case 16: Emerging-market cities

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Case 17: Australia International Education