One Out of 20 No's of Girders has been deflected laterally.

The deflection measured

was 140mm and the it becomes a girder curved in plan. No crakes were observed.
The design calculations indicate that the net upward deflection is 1.758 Cm due to
pre-stressing force and dead load of the girder which will further reduce to almost
zero when deck slab and SIDL load will act on the girder.
The following reasons were analyzed to fix the reason for the lateral sway.#Due to
sudden stressing of a particular cable to a load of P, a torsional moment Px ex
will be induced. For example if cable 4, at a lateral eccentricity of ex is pulled
at one stretch to the design force which may cause a horizontal sway. Hence it was
necessary to know,
Cable arrangements
Sequence of pre-stressing
Check calibration of Jack to ascertain that over stressing has not been done
Stress verses elongation Table as per actual at both ends. It is imperative that
stressing is done at both ends and elongation achieved tally with design table of
elongation with +or- 5 percent variation.
But, the Contractor wanted to utilize the girder as the above mentioned things have
been verified and stressing has been done as per design. As supervision consultants
we resisted to use the Girder and asked the contractor to substantiate with the
design calculations.

Darmansyah Tjitradi
These combination of materials that are now mostly used in the world of civil
engineering construction, especially on the long-span structures such as bridges,
is a combination of concrete and steel. In the combination of these two …read more
FEA with ANSYS,
Prestressed Concrete Structures

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Family Name: Caricaceae

Currently Accepted Name: Carica papaya L.
Locality: USA. Florida. Monroe Co.: Cape Sable. Florida Bay, East Cape.
Habitat: Sandy beach. Cover of grasses and succulents; papaya [Carica papaya]
Forestiera, Bumelia [Sideroxylon], Eugenia, Piscidia, Agave, and Yucca.
Notes: Sheet 2 of 2.
Collector: O. K. Lakela 28558
with R.W. Long
Date: 07 May 1965
Accession No: 64293
Image: 64293.jpg
Plant Atlas Link: Plant Atlas Citation

Family Name: Caricaceae

Currently Accepted Name: Carica papaya L.
Locality: USA. Florida. Volusia Co.: Tomoka State Park. In campground, at
campsite #5. 29º 20’ 22” N 81º 4’ 55” W
Description: Adventive.
Habitat: In disturbed edge of hammock.
Reproductive State: Flower, Fruit
Notes: Sheet 2 of 2.
Collector: J. M. Kunzer 1296
Date: 13 Jan 2006
Accession No: 242176
Image: 242176.jpg
Plant Atlas Link: Plant Atlas Citation

Family Name: Caricaceae

Currently Accepted Name: Carica papaya L.
Locality: USA. Florida. Volusia Co.: Tomoka State Park. In campground, at
campsite #5. 29º 20’ 22” N 81º 4’ 55” W
Description: Adventive.
Habitat: In disturbed edge of hammock.
Reproductive State: Immature Fruit
Notes: Sheet 1 of 2.
Collector: J. M. Kunzer 1296
Date: 13 Jan 2006
Accession No: 242109
Image: 242109.jpg
Plant Atlas Link: Plant Atlas Citation

Accession No: 132760