Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 14

K.

xHN

v f g s• a b ‘ b hy S g b• P >ïï|K<ïA>É>7>ïJ
uoDme
Ha anv Dael

c l!-.8:V lH5H94x8H-O.9 f4hH9 41 sz:V:hH

rEP,? s1 hPqz,E,
8•.‘bwk.P[ Qf 6f[ébd I py•Pw[shG py•Pw[sh% 6f[ébdG ms•sQs

dH! G4Nhg
mMs•àb ) ax•sg.d kxkPbgk ) pbPMyQyhyàx ) pyQbhk ) 3f.d.Qb

cTgON.VO
uskbQ y• PMb ’ywC éx 9w.àyà.•b s•Q dyhhbsàfbk cwyg SMxk.dk s•Q yPMbw $MswQL kd.7
b•dbk% s gbPMyQ .k Swbkb•PbQ cyw kPfQx.•à s•Q Qb‘bhyS.•à gyQbhk yc PMb Qx•sg.dk yc Qb7
‘bhySgb•Psh dMs•àbk .• dygShb­ ySb• kxkPbgkG :Mb Swydbkk yc PMb Qb‘bhySgb•P yc kf.7
d.Qb .k s•shxkbQ .• Pbwgk yc s Qx•sg.d gyQbh yc dMs•àbk .• kf.d.Qsh Pb•Qb•d.bk y‘bw P.gbG
9Mskb Shs•b s•shxk.k éskbQ y• PM.k gyQbh .•Q.dsPbk PMsP chfdPfsP.y•k s•Q Q.kdy•P.•f.P.bk
yékbw‘bQ .• dh.•.dsh s•Q bgS.w.dsh wbkbswdM y• kf.d.Qb ds• éb b­Shs.•bQ sddywQ.•à Py PM.k
Qx•sg.d gyQbhG 8•Qbw dbwPs.• dy•Q.P.y•k% g.•yw chfdPfsP.y•k gsx .•d.Pb wsS.Q Qb‘bhyS7
gb•P Py’swQ kf.d.Qb yw .•M.é.P kf.d.Qsh.PxG :.wb gbPMyQ yc s•shxk.k s•Q Qb‘bhySgb•Psh
gyQbhh.•à .k sSSh.dséhb Py yPMbw SMb•ygb•s .•‘yh‘.•à dMs•àbk .• dygShb­ Mfgs• éb7
Ms‘.yfwk .• s• ySb• kxkPbgG

8•QbwkPs•Q.•à PMb Qx•sg.dk yc s kxkPbg .•‘yh‘bk b­Shyw.•à PMb bccbdPk yc Q.ccbwb•P


‘sw.séhbk yw cywdbk y• PMb ébMs‘.yfw yc PMb kxkPbg y‘bw P.gb s•Q PMb gs••bw .• ’M.dM
kxkPbgk Pb•Q Py Qb‘bhyS Py’swQ dbwPs.• kPsPbkG • PM.k swP.dhb% kygb yc PMb gbPMyQk wb7
db•Phx fkbQ .• SMxk.dk s•Q yPMbw $MswQL kd.b•dbk swb sSSh.bQ Py f•QbwkPs•Q.•à PMb Qx•sg7
.dk yc Qb‘bhySgb•Psh dMs•àbk% .• SswP.dfhsw PMb Qb‘bhySgb•P yc kf.d.Qsh SwydbkkbkG éb7
à.• éx Q.kdfkk.•à My’ P.gb Msk ébb• ‘.b’bQ éx Qb‘bhySgb•Psh SkxdMyhyà.kPk s•Q My’ s
Qx•sg.d ySb•7kxkPbg SbwkSbdP.‘b Q.ccbwk cwyg PM.k sSSwysdMG > PMb• Qbkdw.éb kygb
kbbg.•àhx SswsQy­.dsh skSbdPk yc PMb Qb‘bhySgb•P yc kf.d.Qsh Swydbkkbk s•Q kMy’ PMsP
PMbkb dygShb­ SMb•ygb•s Ms‘b •yP ébb• ’bhh b­Shs.•bQ éx PwsQ.P.y•sh SkxdMyhyà.dsh sS7
SwysdMbkG pbPMyQk cyw gyQbhh.•à PMb Qx•sg.dk yc Qb‘bhySgb•Psh dMs•àbk .• SMxk.dk sk
Qbkdw.ébQ éx 9w.àyà.•b W>ïïJ' s•Q M.k dyhhbsàfbk swb Qbkdw.ébQG PMb• Swbkb•P s Qb‘bhyS7
gb•Psh gyQbh yc kf.d.Qb% fk.•à kygb PbdM•.Bfbk éywwy’bQ cwyg PMb SMxk.dsh kd.b•dbk%
s•Q Q.kdfkk .Pk kPwb•àPMk s•Q h.g.PsP.y•kG
144.82.238.225 - 1/11/2018 6:24:46 PM

uw.s• G p.kMsws
dcWtoWp " >ï& 3G oswàbw H e G uskbh
OO>É7_>|URï|RO<ïJ7O>É> ? >OGOORO séywsPywx yc ;bkbswdM y• vfgs• s•Q 3yd.sh ndyhyàx
Downloaded by:

n7ps.h Cswàdw’CswàbwGdM 8•.‘bwk.P[ Qf 6fbébd I py•Pwbsh


9s­ — J> |> <O| >= <J m 9 ÉÉÉÉG 3fddfwkshb mb•Pwb7-.hhb
MPPSA RR’’’G Cswàbw% dM py•Pw[shG 6fbébd v <m <9É Fms•sQsN
UCL
b:8H cg . R.N:.T9H :- lH5H94x8H-O.9 WHgH.NV6

DsdbQ ’.PM PMb .•Mbwb•P dygShb­.Px yc dMs•àbk .• Mfgs• ébMs‘.yfw y‘bw P.gb% Skx7
dMyhyà.kPk Ms‘b kyfàMP wbhsP.‘bhx k.gShb hs’k s•Q PMbyw.bk Py gsCb kb•kb yc PMbkb
dMs•àbkG :M.k kbswdM cyw k.gShb hs’k s•Q gyQbhk gsx éb sPPw.éfPséhb Py s Qbk.wb% yw.à.7
•sP.•à ’.PM PMb S.y•bbwk .• PMb kd.b•db yc SkxdMyhyàx% Py bgfhsPb PMb SMxk.dsh kd.b•dbk% sk
b­bgSh.c.bQ .• PMb ywQbwhx Qygs.• yc tb’Py•.s• SMxk.dk Wp.kMswsG >ïÉÉ'% ab‘bhySgb•7
Psh wbkbswdMbwk Ms‘b àb•bwshhx cyhhy’bQ PM.k PwsQ.P.y• éx sPPbgSP.•à Py dy•Pwyh kfcc.d.b•P
•fgébwk yc ‘sw.séhbk .• ywQbw Py .kyhsPb s cb’ .gSywPs•P csdPywk PMsP .•chfb•db Qb‘bhyS7
gb•Psh SwydbkkbkG :Mb dhskk.d éyyC éx 4yMh’.hh W>ï_<' Qbkdw.ébk gyQbhk cyw kPfQx.•à Qb7
‘bhySgb•Psh Q.gb•k.y•k PMsP swb 5Mygyàb•yfk b•yfàM Py wbSwbkb•P f•.Q.gb•k.y•sh
dy•P.•fs ’M.hb kP.hh éb.•à sPPf•bQ Py k.à•.c.ds•P csdbPk yc ébMs‘.ywsh Qb‘bhySgb•PL
WSG É>'% 4M.hb Qb‘bhySgb•Psh SkxdMyhyà.kPk Ms‘b dy•P.•fbQ Py bkdMb’ dygShb­.Px sk s•
yé,bdP yc kPfQx% kygb SMxk.d.kPk dy•dbw•bQ ’.PM f•QbwkPs•Q.•à dMs•àbk y‘bw P.gb W9w.ày7
à.•bG >ï|=G >ï_ÉG>ïÉOA 9w.àyà.•b s•Q 3Pb•àbwkG >ïÉÉ' Ms‘b Qb‘bhySbQ gyQbhk s•Q gbPM7
yQk cyw .•‘bkP.àsP.•à PMb Qx•sg.dk yc dygShb­ Bfs•P.PsP.‘b s•Q Bfsh.PsP.‘b dMs•àbk .•
gfhP.Q.gb•k.y•sh kPwfdPfwbk .• ySb•7kxkPbg b•‘.wy•gb•PkG :Mbkb gyQbhk dMshhb•àb PMb
k.gShb s•Q ywQbwhx ’ywhQ yc tb’Py•.s• SMxk.dk éx b­sg.•.•à kPwfdPfwbk ’Mykb QbPbwg.7
•s•Pk .•‘yh‘b kfdM dygShb­ s•Q gfhP.‘sw.sPb Q.gb•k.y•k PMsP PMb •sPfwb yc PMb.w Qb‘bh7
ySgb•Psh dMs•àbk y‘bw P.gb ds• y•hx éb QbS.dPbQ scPbw b­Pb•k.‘b s•Q bhséywsPb dyg7
SfPbw dshdfhsP.y•kG
:Mbkb gyQbhk s•Q gbPMyQk .• PMb SMxk.dsh kd.b•dbk sddbSP dygShb­.Px sk .•Mbwb•P
.• kPwfdPfwbk PMsP b­.kP .• ySb• kxkPbgk% kxkPbgk .• ’M.dM PMbwb swb dy•kPs•P Sykk.é.h.P.bk
cyw b­dMs•àb yc .•cywgsP.y•% gsPPbw% s•Q b•bwàxG ;sPMbw PMs• Pwx.•à Py k.gSh.cx dygShb­
SMb•ygb•s é‘ .Qb•P.cx.•à k.gShb dsfkbk yw gyQbhk% cyhhy’bwk yc PM.k sSSwysdM sddbSP
PMb .•Mbwb•P dygShb­.Px s•Q Ms‘b Qb‘bhySbQ gbPMyQk cyw kPfQx.•à PMb Qx•sg.dk yc dyg7
Shb­ kxkPbgkG
:Mb kPfQx yc Mfgs• Qb‘bhySgb•Psh Swydbkkbk .• SkxdMyhyàx Q.kP.•àf.kMbk .Pkbhc .•
.Pk dy•dbw• ’.PM dMs•àbk .• ébMs‘.yfw y‘bw P.gb F4yMh’.hhG >ï_<'G abkS.Pb wbdb•P sQ7
‘s•dbk .• PMb gbPMyQk yc QsPs dyhhbdP.y• s•Q kPsP.kP.dsh s•shxk.k% PMb dw.P.dsh ‘sw.séhb yc
P.gb Msk àb•bwshhx wbgs.•bQ s wsPMbw k.gSh.kP.d b•P.Px% y•b ‘sw.séhb sgy•à gs•x Py éb
dy•k.QbwbQG ibP P.gb .k db•Pwsh sk s wbkbswdM ‘sw.séhb% sk wbchbdPbQ .• PMb cwbBfb•dx yc .Pk
fkb s•Q .Pk dyggy• sSSbsws•db shy•à PMb sékd.kks yc c.àfwbk s•Q dMswPkG ;.bàbh W>ï__G
>ï_ï' s•Q M.k dyhhbsàfbk sPPbgSPbQ Py à.‘b P.gb s gywb .gSywPs•P Shsdb .• Qb‘bhySgb•7
Psh SkxdMyhyàx éfPG QbkS.Pb PMb.w Swbkb•PsP.y• yc s dyMbwb•P SM.hykySMx yc Qb‘bhySgb•7
Psh wbkbswdM% PMb.w Q.shbdP.dsh5 sSSwysdM Q.Q •yP .•PwyQfdb gbPMyQyhyà.bk PMsP ébdsgb
’.Qbhx sddbSPbQG :.gb Msk shky ébb• .à•ywbQ éx b­Sbw.gb•Psh.kPk ’Mykb 5Qb‘bhySgb•Psh5
yw.b•PsP.y• dy•k.kPk k.gShx yc bgShyx.•à dM.hQwb• sk wbkbswdM kfé,bdPkG Dyw yPMbwk% P.gb .k
‘.b’bQ sk k.gShx PMb kbBfb•P.sh sddfgfhsP.y• yc b‘b•Pk yw b­Sbw.b•dbkG • PMb s•shxk.k yc
Qb‘bhySgb•Psh dMs•àb f•QbwPsCb• Mbwb% P.gb .k dy•k.QbwbQ .• Pbwgk yc chfdPfsP.y•k cwyg
s Qx•sg.d ySb•7kxkPbg SbwkSbdP.‘b W‘s• ebbwPG >ïÉ|%>ïïJs'G :M.k sSSwysdM Py kPfQx.•à
dMs•àb y‘bw P.gb .k kygb’MsP Q.ccbwb•P cwyg gykP Qb‘bhySgb•Psh sSSwysdMbk .• éyPM .Pk
gbPMyQyhyàx s•Q PMb .•PbwbkP .• chfdPfsP.y•k y‘bw kMywP P.gb kSs•kG
HhPMyfàM gykP wbkbswdM y• Mfgs• Qb‘bhySgb•Psh dMs•àb Msk .•‘yh‘bQ ywPMyàb7
•dP.d dMs•àbk sdwykk s SywP.y• yc PMb h.cb kSs•% PMb kPfQx yc Mfgs• Qb‘bhySgb•P .• Skx7
dMyhyàx ds• shky dy•dbw• dMs•àbk y‘bw wbhsP.‘bhx kMywPbw g.dwyàb•bP.d5 PbgSywsh Sbw.7
yQk W4bw•bwG >ïJÉG >ï*_'G ;bhsP.‘bhx cb’ PMbywbP.dsh ’ywCk .• SkxdMyhyàx Ms‘b sQQwbkkbQ
’sxk yc dy•dbSPfsh.T.•à PMb dygShb­ Qx•sg.dk yc SkxdMyhyà.dsh s•Q ébMs‘.yfwsh
144.82.238.225 - 1/11/2018 6:24:46 PM

>U= Mz8.- lH5H94x8H-O rE Am rnrarRD f:g6.N.


Downloaded by:
UCL
dMs•àbk y‘bw P.gb sk ébMs‘.yfw chfdPfsPbk cwyg gygb•P Py gygb•P s•Q cwyg Myfw Py
Myfw .• s g.dwyàb•bP.d Qb‘bhySgb•Psh SbwkSbdP.‘bG 3.bàhbw s•Q mwy’hbx W>ïï>G >ïï='
Ms‘b SwySykbQ PMsP PMb g.dwyàb•bP.d sSSwysdM gsx éb cwf.Pcfhhx sSSh.bQ Py PMb kPfQx yc
dyà•.P.‘b Qb‘bhySgb•P .• dM.hQwb•G oswg.hycc73g.PM W>ïï<' hsfQbQ bccywPk éx •MbhQbw
W>ïÉ<' s•Q yPMbwk Py kPfQx g.dwyàb•bP.d QbPs.hk yc My’ dM.hQwb• kyh‘b PskCk% wsPMbw PMs•
k.gShx skkbkk.•à ’MbPMbw s•k’bwk swb dywwbdPG vy’b‘bwG Dy’hbw W>ïï=' dw.P.d.TbQ PMb g.7
dwyàb•bP.d sSSwysdM Qbkdw.ébQ éx 3.bàhbw s•Q mwy’hbx sk •yP cydfk.•à y• fPEAmêAf
dMs•àb% éfP k.gShx hyyC.•à sP s•x dMs•àb y‘bw P.gb% s•Q 9wbkkhbx W>ïï=' dw.P.d.TbQ PMb
g.dwyàb•bP.d sSSwysdM sk gbPMyQyhyà.dshhx SwyéhbgsP.dG vbwb >bgShyx s kygb’MsP Q.c7
cbwb•P cywg yc g.dwyàb•bP.d s•shxk.k% .•kS.wbQ éx s SswP.dfhsw Qx•sg.d kxkPbgk sSSwysdM
wbdb•Phx fkbQ .• PMb SMxk.dsh s•Q é.yhyà.dsh kd.b•dbk Wehs•kQywc s•Q 9w.àyà.•b% >ï_>A
p.kMswsG >ïÉÉA t.dyh.k s•Q 9w.àyà.•bG >ï__A 9w.àyà.•bG >ï|=G >ï_ÉG>ïÉOG >ïïJA 9w.àyà.•b
s•Q 3Pb•àbwkG >ïÉ<G >ïÉÉA t.dyh.kG >ïÉï'G Hk Qbkdw.ébQ gywb cfhhx hsPbw% PM.k sSSwysdM b­7
sg.•bk Q.wbdPbQ dMs•àbk y‘bw h.gbG • csdP% PMb •sPfwb yc PMb Q.wbdP.y• yc Qb‘bhySgb•Psh
dMs•àbk y‘bw P.gb .k PMb Sw.gswx cydfkG DfwPMbwgywb% PMb gyQbhk s•Q gbPMyQk yc PMby7
wbP.dsh s•shxk.k Q.ccbw àwbsPhx cwyg b­.kP.•à g.dwyàb•bP.d sSSwysdMbk .• Qb‘bhySgb•Psh
SkxdMyhyàxG
3b‘bwsh wbdb•P Sféh.dsP.y•k Wuwb•PG >ïÉJA :Mbhb• s•Q 3g.PMG >ïïJA -shhsdMbw s•Q
ty’sCG >ïïJA ‘s• Qbw pssk s•Q pyhb•sswG >ïï=A ‘s• ebbwPG >ïï>G >ïïJs'% Ms‘b sQ7
QwbkkbQ PMb .kkfb yc f•QbwkPs•Q.•à s•Q dy•dbSPfsh.T.•à dygShb­ Qb‘bhySgb•Psh Swy7
dbkkbk y‘bw P.gb éx wbb­sg.•.•à C•y’• Qb‘bhySgb•Psh SMb•ygb•s cwyg s Q.ccbwb•P%
kxkPbgk SbwkSbdP.‘bG 3g.PM s•Q :Mbhb• W>ïï<' Swbkb•P kb‘bwsh SsSbwk% éskbQ y• s >ïÉï
’ywCkMyS dy•QfdPbQ éx PMb 3yd.bPx cyw ;bkbswdM .• mM.hQ ab‘bhySgb•P% PMsP b­Shywb
PMb .kkfbk yc dygShb­.Px% •y•h.•bsw.Px% s•Q kbhc7ywàs•.TsP.y• cwyg s Qx•sg.d kxkPbgk sS7
SwysdMG :Mb.w gywb wbdb•P éyyC W:Mbhb• s•Q 3g.PMG >ïïJ' Swbkb•Pk s QbPs.hbQ Qx•sg.d
s•shxk.k yc PMb y•Pyàb•x yc bwbdP hydygyP.y• .• dM.hQwb• fk.•à SMskb kSsdb SywPws.Pk% s
gbPMyQ shky fkb Py Qbkdw.éb kxkPbg Qx•sg.dk .• PM.k swP.dhbG HhPMyfàM :Mbhb• s•Q
3g.PM kMswb kygb gbPMyQyhyàx s•Q s cydfk y• dMs•àb s•Q dygShb­.Px% PMb.w sSSwysdM
Q.ccbwk cwyg PMb Swbkb•P y•b .• PMsP PMbx ‘.b’ Qb‘bhySgb•P cwyg s Pbhbyhyà.dsh SbwkSbd7
P.‘b 7 PMb fhP.gsPb àysh .k s 5gsPfwb5 kPshbG 3.g.hswhx% ‘s• Qbw pssk s•Q pyhb•ssw W>ïï='
Swbkb•P s 5dsPskPwySMb5 gyQbh PMsP kMy’k My’ •b’ bBf.h.éw.fg kPsPbk Qb‘bhySG px sS7
SwysdM kMswbk ’.PM PMb sSSwysdMbk yc :Mbhb• s•Q 3g.PM sk ’bhh sk ‘s• Qbw pssk s•Q
pyhb•ssw s dy•dbw• ’.PM PMb Qx•sg.dk yc dMs•àb s•Q PMb Sykk.é.h.Px yc wsS.Q dMs•àbG
vy’b‘bw% .• dy•PwskP Py PMbgG dy•k.Qbw s SMb•ygb•y• cyw ’M.dM •y k.•àhb y•Pyàb•bP.d
àysh yw gsPfwb b•Q kPsPb .k kSbd.c.bQG
HhPMyfàM PMb Swbkb•P swP.dhb cydfkbk y• g.dwyàb•bP.d dMs•àbk% .P kMswbk ‘s• ebbwPzk
gsPMbgsP.dsh yw.b•PsP.y• .• M.k Swbkb•PsP.y• yc gyQbhk yc y•Pyàb•bP.d àwy’PM W‘s•
ebbwPG >ïÉ|G >ïï>G >ïïJsG >ïïJé'G Dyw b­sgShb% ‘s• ebbwP W>ïïJs' Qb‘bhySk gsPMbgsP.7
dsh gyQbhk yc dygSbP.P.y• s•Q kfSSywP k.g.hsw Py PMb dygSbP.•à Pb•Qb•d.bk Qbkdw.ébQ .•
PM.k swP.dhb s•Q Qbkdw.ébk PMb.w .•chfb•dbk y• y•Pyàb•bP.d Qb‘bhySgb•Psh Pws,bdPyw.bkG vb
shky fkbk SMskb kSsdb SywPws.Pk Py Qbkdw.éb Qb‘bhySgb•Psh Swydbkkbk y‘bw h.gb% shPMyfàM
PMb •sPfwb yc PMb SMskb kSsdb s•shxkbk Swbkb•PbQ Mbwb swb kygb’MsP Q.ccbwb•PG
:Mb gyQbh Qb‘bhySbQ .• PM.k swP.dhb Q.ccbwk cwyg Swb‘.yfk y•Pyàb•bP.d s•shxkbk
éskbQ y• s Qx•sg.d kxkPbgk sSSwysdMG > ébà.• éx Swbkb•P.•à s SswsQy­.dsh SMb•ygb•y•
PMsP Msk •yP ébb• sQbBfsPbhx b­Shs.•bQ éx PwsQ.P.y•sh sSSwysdMbk 7 PMb sSSswb•P Q.kdy•7
P.•f.Px .• PMb Qb‘bhySgb•P yc kf.d.Qsh PMyfàMPk s•Q ébMs‘.yfwkG 3bdy•Q% s kSbd.c.d gyQbh
.k àb•bwsPbQ fk.•à s kgshh •fgébw yc skkfgSP.y•k Qbw.‘bQ cwyg dh.•.dsh .•‘bkP.àsP.y•kG
:Mb• PMb Qb‘bhySgb•Psh .gSh.dsP.y•k yc PMykb skkfgSP.y•k swb b‘shfsPbQ fk.•à s gsPMb7
144.82.238.225 - 1/11/2018 6:24:46 PM

a x•sg .d p yQbh yc 3f.d.Qb vfgs• ab‘bhySgb•P >ïï|A<ïA>U>7>ïJ >U<


Downloaded by:
UCL
gsP.dsh PbdM•.Bfb PMsP .k kP.hh kygb’MsP f•fkfsh .• SkxdMyhyàx 7 SMskb kSsdb s•shxk.kG D.7
•shhx% PMb wbkfhP.•à Qbkdw.SP.y•k .• Pbwgk yc Qb‘bhySgb•Psh Qx•sg.dk swb dy•k.QbwbQ ’.PM
wbkSbdP Py PMb.w ‘shfb .• b­Shs.•.•à PMb Qb‘bhySgb•Psh Qx•sg.dk yc PMb SMb•ygb•y•
f•Qbw kPfQx% PMb Qb‘bhySgb•P yc kf.d.Qsh .QbsP.y• s•Q ébMs‘.yfwG
:Mb PyS.d yc PM.k PMbywbP.dsh s•shxk.k% kf.d.Qsh Swydbkkbk% .k •yP s PxS.dsh kfé,bdP cyw
Qb‘bhySgb•Psh s•shxk.k% sk PMb PbgSywsh Qx•sg.dk àb•bwshhx yddfw y‘bw s Sbw.yQ yc
Myfwk% Qsxk% ’bbCk% yw gy•PMk% wsPMbw PMs• sdwykk xbswk yw h.cb kPsàbkG P .k MySbQ PMsP PMb
Qx•sg.d kxkPbgk sSSwysdM fP.h.TbQ Mbwb g.àMP .•kS.wb yPMbw Qb‘bhySgb•Psh wbkbswdMbwk
Py fkb k.g.hsw sSSwysdMbk .• wbkbswdM y• yPMbw PyS.dk .• Qb‘bhySgb•Psh SkxdMyhyàx% .•7
dhfQ.•à Qb‘bhySgb•Psh Swydbkkbk PMsP yddfw y‘bw Q.ccbwb•P kSs•k yc P.gbG

b6H K.N.h4w:V.9 S.OzNH 41 sz:V:hH

o.hh.•à y•bkbhc .k y•b yc PMb gykP QwsgsP.d sdPk s• .•Q.‘.Qfsh ds• dygg.PG :Mb dy•7
kbBfb•db .k PMb Sbwgs•b•P s•Q .wwb‘bwk.éhb QbkPwfdP.y• yc PMb kbhcG ibP% kPfQ.bk yc PMb
b‘b•Pk hbsQ.•à Py kf.d.Qb Ms‘b ébb• f•kfddbkkcfh .• .Qb•P.cx.•à kSbd.c.d b­Sbw.b•dbk PMsP
sddfwsPbhx SwbQ.dP kf.d.Qb Wofé.bG >ï|_NG Dyw b­sgShbG 9yCyw•x W>ïï<' dy•QfdPbQ s *7
xbsw7SwykSbdP.‘b kPfQx .•‘yh‘.•à s ’.Qb ws•àb yc wsP.•àk s•Q gbskfwbgb•Pk% .•dhfQ.•à
gykP yc PMb .•Q.‘.Qfsh .Pbgk Swb‘.yfkhx PMyfàMP Py éb SwbQ.dP.‘b yc kf.d.Qb% y• s ksgShb
yc J%ÉOO dy•kbdfP.‘bhx sQg.PPbQ SkxdM.sPw.d SsP.b•PkG vb ’sk f•séhb Py yéPs.• ksP.kcsd7
Pywx SwbQ.dP.‘b ‘shfb éskbQ y• Q.ccbwb•P gfhP.‘sw.sPb s•shxkbk s•Q dy•dhfQbQ PMsP $Swb7
Q.dP.y• yc kf.d.Qb G GG .k •yP s Sykk.éhb àyshL W9yCyw•x% >ïï<G SG ï'G 3ygb SbyShb ’My kfccbw
àws‘b hykkbk •b‘bw sPPbgSP yw dy•k.Qbw kf.d.Qb% ’Mbwbsk yPMbwk ’My sSSbsw Py Ms‘b b­Sb7
w.b•dbQ y•hx g.•yw fSkbPk .• PMb.w Qs.hx h.‘bk C.hh PMbgkbh‘bk yw gsCb kbw.yfk sPPbgSPk Py
Qy ky W bkPbw% >ïÉ=K 3M•b.Qgs•G >ïÉ*'G :Mb csg.hx s•Q cw.b•Qk yc kf.d.Qb ‘.dP.gk swb yc7
Pb• sP s hykk Py b­Shs.• PMb kf.d.QbG • PMb SskP% SbyShb ébh.b‘bQ kf.d.Qsh ébMs‘.yfw Py wb7
kfhP cwyg Sykkbkky• éx PMb Qb‘.h yw cwyg kbw.yfk f•Qbwhx.•à SkxdMySsPMyhyàxG pywb wb7
db•Phx% kf.d.Qyhyà.kPk c.•Q PMsP% shPMyfàM Sbwky•k kfccbw.•à cwyg kbw.yfk gb•Psh MbshPM
Swyéhbgk sPPbgSP kf.d.Qb gywb ycPb• PMs• $•ywgshL Sbwky•k% y•hx s g.•yw.Px yc PMykb
’My C.hh PMbgkbh‘bk kfccbw cwyg kbw.yfk .Qb•P.c.bQ gb•Psh MbshPM Swyéhbgk W3f.d.Qb .•
ms•sQs% >ïïJ'G H wb‘.b’ yc PMb wbkbswdM y• PMb SwbQ.dP.y• yc kf.d.Qb kMy’bQ PMsP% Qb7
kS.Pb PMb bccywP wbSwbkb•PbQ éx y‘bw y•b PMyfks•Q wbkbswdM kPfQ.bk s.gbQ sP Qb‘bhyS.•à
sddfwsPb SwbQ.dPywk yc kf.d.Qb% y•hx dwfQb Swyésé.h.kP.d skkbkkgb•P Pyyhk yc h.g.PbQ ‘shfb
Ms‘b bgbwàbQ WDswébwy’G >ï_='G ty wbdb•P kPfQ.bk Ms‘b sdM.b‘bQ ébPPbw wbkfhPkG P wb7
gs.•k PMb dskb PMsP PMb ébkP ’sx yc hbsw•.•à ’MbPMbw yw •yP SbyShb swb kf.d.Qsh .k Py skC
PMbg ’MbPMbw PMbx swb dy•k.Qbw.•à kf.d.Qb% yw Py yékbw‘b ’MbPMbw PMbx b•àsàb .• ébMs‘.7
yfwk PMsP Q.wbdPhx .•Q.dsPb PM.k àysh W3f.d.Qb .• ms•sQsG >ïïJ'%
3f.d.Qb sPPbgSPk swb àb•bwshhx f•QbwkPyyQ sk PMb wbkfhP yc s Swydbkk PMsP Qb‘bhySk
y‘bw P.gb W bkPbw% >ïÉ=K 3M•b.Qgs•% >ïÉ*'% vy’ ds• PM.k Swydbkk .• ’M.dM .•Q.‘.Qfshk
Qb‘bhyS Py PMb Sy.•P yc C.hh.•à PMbgkbh‘bk éb f•QbwkPyyQ% .c PM.k sdP yc kbhc7QbkPwfdP.y•
ds••yP éb wbhsPbQ Py s• sddfgfhsP.y• yc .•Pb•kb b­Sbw.b•dbk yw b‘b•Pk PMsP SkxdMyhyà.7
dshhx Qb‘skPsPb PMb .•Q.‘.QfshX vy’ ds• ’b f•QbwkPs•Q PMsP% shPMyfàM PMb ySP.y• yc kf.7
d.Qb .k b‘bw Swbkb•P% kf.d.Qb .k •yP s •bdbkkswx yw b‘b• dyggy• yddfwwb•db ’Mb• s• .•Q.7
‘.Qfsh b­Sbw.b•dbk Qb‘skPsP.•à b‘b•PkX Hk bgShyxbQ Mbwb% PMb Qx•sg.d kxkPbgk
sSSwysdM Py f•QbwkPs•Q.•à PMb Qb‘bhySgb•P yc kf.d.Qsh PMyfàMPk s•Q ébMs‘.yfw gsx
MbhS Py dhsw.cx PMb SswsQy­.dsh hsdC yc wbh.séhb wbhsP.y•kM.Sk ébP’bb• •bàsP.‘b h.cb b‘b•Pk
s•Q kf.d.Qb% sk ’bhh sk PMb sSSswb•P Q.kdy•P.•f.P.bk PMsP Ms‘b ébb• yékbw‘bQ .• PMb Qb‘bh7
144.82.238.225 - 1/11/2018 6:24:46 PM

>ÉJ vfgs• ab‘bhySgb•P >ïï|A<ïA>É>7>ïJ p .kMsws


Downloaded by:
UCL
ySgb•P yc kf.d.Qsh ébMs‘.yfwG • Qb‘bhyS.•à PM.k gyQbhG ày ébxy•Q dfkPygswx kPws.àMP7
cyw’swQ dsfksh s•shxkbk Py kMy’ My’% ’Mb• PMb P.gb ‘sw.séhb .k dy•k.QbwbQ .• s Qx•sg.d
dy•Pb­P% QwsgsP.d% kbbg.•àhx Q.kdy•P.•fyfk dMs•àbk gsx yddfw sP dbwPs.• dwfd.sh Sy.•Pk
.• P.gbG

f4hH99:-^ O6H l!-.8:Vg 41 sH91auN^.-:>.O:4- :- O6H S.OzN.9 sV:H-VHg

HSSwysdMbk .•‘yh‘.•à SMskb kSsdb s•Q SMskb Shs•b s•shxkbk gsx yccbw .gSywPs•P
.•k.àMPk .•Py Qb‘bhySgb•Psh Swydbkkbk .• SkxdMyhyàx Wp.kMswsG >ïÉÉ'G pywb wbdb•Phx% kb‘7
bwsh sfPMywk W3dyPP obhky bP shG% >ïï<K ty’sC s•Q b’b•kPb.•G >ïïJK ;yébwPky• bP shGG
>ïï<K :Mbhb• s•Q 3g.PMG >ïïJK ‘s• ebbwPG >ïïJs' Ms‘b kfààbkPbQ PMsP •b’ SswsQ.àgk cyw
f•QbwkPs•Q.•à kxkPbgk .• PMb SMxk.dsh kd.b•dbk% kfdM sk kPfQ.bk yc dMsyk% Qx•sg.d
kxkPbgk% s•Q kbhc7ywàs•.TsP.y•% gsx éb fkbcfh .• f•QbwkPs•Q.•à àwy’PM% dMs•àb% s•Q Qb7
‘bhySgb•P .• SkxdMyhyà.dsh kxkPbgkG :Mb sSSwysdM Swbkb•PbQ Mbwb Qws’k y• kygb yc gx
y’• bswh.bw gbPMyQk Wp.kMswsG >ïÉÉ' sk ’bhh sk PMykb Qbkdw.ébQ .• gywb wbdb•P Sféh.7
dsP.y•k% Py kPfQx s Bf.Pb kSbd.c.d SkxdMyhyà.dsh SMb•ygb•y•% PMb Qx•sg.dk yc kf.d.Qsh
ébMs‘.yfwG :M.k s•shxk.k kMy’k My’ dbwPs.• skSbdPk yc PMb SMb•ygb•s yc kf.d.Qsh ébMs7
‘.yfw PMsP Ms‘b ébb• ‘.b’bQ .• PMb SskP sk SswsQy­.dsh yw SfTTh.•à gsx éb kbb• sk PMb
•sPfwsh yfPdygb yc PMb Qx•sg.dk sddywQ.•à Py PM.k s•shxk.kG
ubcywb SwydbbQ.•àk ’.PM PMb s•shxk.k% éw.bchx Qbkdw.éb kygb yc PMb ’ywC .• PMb •s7
Pfwsh kd.b•dbk PMsP .•kS.wbQ yfw sSSwysdMG • PMb •sPfwsh kd.b•dbk% gfdM wbdb•P ’ywC Msk
ébb• dy•dbw•bQ ’.PM PMb kPfQx yc ySb• kxkPbgk PMsP .•PbwsdP ’.PM dygShb­ b•‘.wy•gb•Pk
W9w.àyà.•b% >ïÉOG >ïÉJK t.dyh.k s•Q 9w.àyà.•bG >ï__'% 8•h.Cb PMb kPfQx yc dswbcfhhx dy•7
PwyhhbQ dhykbQ kxkPbgk PxS.dsh yc hséywsPywx wbkbswdMG 9w.àyà.•b s•Q M.k dyhhbsàfbk Ms‘b
kMy’• PMsP ySb• kxkPbgk .• SMxk.dk s•Q dMbg.kPwx ébMs‘b Bf.Pb Q.ccbwb•Phx sk PMbx Qb7
‘bhyS y‘bw P.gbG :Mb Qx•sg.dk% yw dMs•àbk y‘bw P.gb% .• ySb• kxkPbgk .•dhfQb PMb Syk7
k.é.h.Px PMsP kPbsQx kPsPbk FkPséhb k.PfsP.y•kN ds• éb wbsdMbQ .• PMb Qb‘bhySgb•P yc PMb
kxkPbgG • PMb b‘yhfP.y• yc kygb kxkPbgk% •y•7h.•bsw C.•bP.dk swb .•‘yh‘bQ .• ’M.dM sfPy7
dsPshxP.d yw yPMbw wbàfhsPywx Swydbkkbk wbkfhP .• .•kPsé.h.P.bk PMsP SwyQfdb s kbhc7ywàs•.Ts7
P.y• yc PMb kxkPbg .•Py s •b’ wbà.gbG • yPMbw ’ywQk% .• PMb Qb‘bhySgb•P yc s kPwfdPfwb
.• s• ySb• kxkPbg% séwfSP dMs•àbk .• PMb ‘bwx •sPfwb yc PMb kPwfdPfwb gsx PsCb ShsdbG
3fdM Q.kdy•P.•f.P.bk .• Qb‘bhySgb•P Ms‘b ébb• wbcbwwbQ Py sk 5kbhh7ywàs•.TsP.y•L% s•Q
PMbx àb•bwshhx yddfw scPbw s Sbw.yQ yc chfdPfsP.y•k s•Q .•kPsé.h.PxG :Mb wbkfhP .k ’MsP 9w.à7
yà.•b dshhbQ PMb Qb‘bhySgb•P yc 5Q.kk.SsP.‘b kPwfdPfwbk5G a.kk.SsP.‘b kPwfdPfwbk wbkfhP
cwyg chfdPfsP.y•k PMsP b­.kP .• PMb kxkPbgG :Mbx dy•kP.PfPb s cywg yc ywQbw yw kPwfdPfwb
PMsP Qb‘bhySk .• ySb• kxkPbgkG
• ywQbw Py kPfQx PMb b‘yhfP.y• yc s kxkPbg .• P.gb s•Q PMb •sPfwb yc .Pk Qb‘bhyS7
gb•Psh Pws•k.P.y•k% s•shxkbk yc PMb Qx•sg.dk yc PMb kxkPbg gsx éb gsQb .• SMskb kSsdbG
:Mb ésk.d dy•dbSP .•‘yh‘bQ .• s•shxk.k .• SMskb kSsdb .k Qbkdw.ébQ .• s• sddbkk.éhb gs•7
•bw éx p.kMsws W>ïÉÉ' s•Q t.dyh.k W>ïÉï'% 9Mskb kSsdb .k s gfhP.Q.gb•k.y•sh kSsdb ’Mykb
Q.gb•k.y•k dy•kP.PfPb PMb ‘sw.séhbk •bbQbQ Py Qbkdw.éb PMb kxkPbg sk s ’MyhbG P .k Q.cc.7
dfhP Py dy•dbSPfsh.Tb dygShb­ kxkPbgk PMsP swd Qbkdw.ébQ éx gs•x ‘sw.séhbk% k.•db PMb
SMskb kSsdb SywPws.P .•‘yh‘bk gs•x Q.gb•k.y•kG P .k Q.cc.dfhP Py QbS.dP s SMskb kSsdb
’.PM gywb PMs• PMwbb Q.gb•k.y•k Fs kxkPbg Qbkdw.ébQ dygShbPbhx éx y•hx PMwbb ‘sw.7
séhbkNG vy’b‘bw% dygSfPbwk swb dsSséhb yc dy•kPwfdP.•à gsPMbgsP.dsh gyQbhk yc gywb
dygShb­ gfhP.Q.gb•k.y•sh SMskb kSsdb SywPws.PkG :Mbx shky shhy’ s•shxkbk yc Qb‘bhyS7
gb•Psh Pws,bdPyw.bk .• kfdM gfhP.Q.gb•k.y•sh wbSwbkb•PsP.y•kG Dyw Swbkb•P SfwSykbk% .P .k
144.82.238.225 - 1/11/2018 6:24:46 PM

a x•sg .d p yQbh y c 3f.d.Qb vfgs• ab‘bhySgb•P >ïï|A<ïA>É>7>ïJ rny


Downloaded by:
UCL
y•hx •bdbkkswx Py f•QbwkPs•Q PMb dy•dbSP yc SMskb kSsdb s•Q .Pk Sykk.éhb fkbcfh•bkk .•
QbS.dP.•à Qb‘bhySgb•Psh dMs•àbk y‘bw P.gbG
nsdM .•kPs•Ps•byfk khsPb yc PMb kxkPbg .k wbSwbkb•PbQ éx s k.•àhb Sy.•P .• PMb SMskb
kSsdb% s•Q bsdM Sy.•P .• SMskb kSsdb dywwbkSy•Qk Py y•bG s•Q y•hx y•bG kPsPb yc PMb
kxkPbgG • s kxkPbg PMsP ds• éb dygShbPbhx Qbkdw.ébQ éx ,fkP P’y ‘sw.séhbk% PMb SMskb
kSsdb dy•k.kPk yc s P’y7Q.gb•k.y•sh SMskb Shs•b .• ’M.dM PMb P’y s­bk wbSwbkb•P shh Syk7
k.éhb ‘shfbk yc PMb P’y ‘sw.séhbk PMsP Qbkdw.éb PMb kPsPbk yc PMb kxkPbg sk s ’MyhbG
:Mb sdPfsh Qb‘bhySgb•P yc s kxkPbg sk kbb• .• SMskb kSsdb dy•k.kPk yc PMb Pws,bd7
Pywx wbkfhP.•à cwyg dy••bdP.•à PMb Sy.•Pk wbSwbkb•P.•à PMb Q.ccbwb•P kPsPbk yc PMb kxkPbg
sk .P Qb‘bhySk y‘bw P.gbG HhPMyfàM .P .k PMbywbP.dshhx Sykk.éhb cyw PMb Qb‘bhySgb•P yc PMb
kPsPbk yc s kxkPbg y‘bw P.gb Py yddfSx s•x Sy.•Pk .• s SMskb kSsdb% kxkPbgk ycPb• Pb•Q Py
Qb‘bhyS .• s gywb ywàs•.TbQ gs••bwG H kxkPbg PMsP Qb‘bhySk .• kfdM s gs••bw PMsP PMb
Swyésé.h.Px yc ày.•à cwyg s•x y•b Sy.•P Fyw kPsPbN Py s•x yPMbw Sy.•P Fyw kPsPbN .k bBfsh
dy•kP.PfPbk s ws•Qyg SsPPbw• yc dMs•àbk y‘bw P.gb F’M.dM .k yc h.PPhb .•PbwbkP Py Qb‘bhyS7
gb•Psh wbkbswdMbwkNG 3xkPbgk PMsP Pb•Q Py Qb‘bhyS Py’swQ dbwPs.• kfékbPk yc PMb Sykk.éhb
Sy.•Pk .• s SMskb kSsdb SywPws.P swb dy•k.QbwbQ QbPbwg.•.kP.d kxkPbgkG a.b Syk.P.y• yc PMb
SMskb kSsdb PMsP PMb kxkPbg Pb•Qk Py yddfSx ’.PM Qb‘bhySgb•P y‘bw P.gb .k dshhbQ s• 5sP7
PwsdPyw5G ux s•shxk.•à PMb bccbdP yc chfdPfsP.y•k y• Q.ccbwb•P dy•Q.P.y•k yc PMb kxkPbg% .P .k
Sykk.éhb Py QbPbwg.•b ’MbPMbw PMb Qb‘bhySgb•Psh Pws,bdPywx hb•Qk Py’swQ s• sPPwsdPyw
s•Q ’MbPMbw PMb sPPwsdPyw dy•kP.PfPbk s kPséhb kPbsQx kPsPb Fyw kPsPbkN yw ’MbPMbw f•7
kPséhb kPbsQx kPsPbk swb Swbkb•PG • SMskb kSsdb% ’Mb•% wbàswQhbkk yc PMb .•.P.sh dy•Q.7
P.y•kG PMb kxkPbg b‘yh‘bk Py s dbwPs.• Sy.•P yw swbs .• PMb SMskb kSsdb% PM.k Sy.•P yw kfé7
swbs FsPPwsdPywN gsx éb Qbkdw.ébQG :Mb kxkPbg gsx b‘yh‘b Py’swQ s kPbsQx kPsPb yc
bBf.h.éw.fg PMsP dy•kP.PfPbk s Sy.•P sPPwsdPyw yw Py’swQ gfdM gywb dygShb­ wbà.gbkG
:Mb kxkPbg gsx b‘yh‘b .• P.gb Py’swQ s wbà.gb yc Sbw.yQ.d ébMs‘.yfwG • PM.k .•kPs•db
PMb SMskb kSsdb Pws,bdPywx Pb•Qk Py’swQ s dhykbQ h.•bG 9bw.yQ.d sPPwsdPywk Ms‘b ébb• fkbQ
Py Qbkdw.éb Sbw.yQ.d ébMs‘.yfw kfdM sk é.yhyà.dsh dhydCk% dMbg.dsh ykd.hhsP.y•k% s•Q kbhc7
Sfhk.•à .• hskbwkG H• b­sgShb .• SkxdMyhyàx ’yfhQ éb PMb Q.fw•sh wMxPMgk PMsP wbhsPb Py
ébMs‘.yfwG
ab‘bhySgb•P gsx shky wbkfhP .• Bf.Pb dygShb­ Q.kk.SsP.‘b kPwfdPfwbk ’Mykb ywàs•7
.TsP.y• ds• éb f•QbwkPyyQ éx cwsdPsh àbygbPwxG :Mbkb swb wbcbwwbQ Py sk zdMsyP.d5 wb7
à.gbkG HhPMyfàM dMsyP.d sPPwsdPywk Ms‘b wbdb.‘bQ gfdM sPPb•P.y• .• PMb SMxk.dsh kd.7
b•dbkG PMb.w Swyg.kb cyw yccbw.•à fkbcfh s•Q gbs•.•àcfh b­Shs•sP.y•k .• SkxdMyhyàx
wbgs.•k Py éb kbb•G :y cfwPMbw dygSh.dsPb gsPPbwk% .P .k Sykk.éhb cyw gfhP.Shb kPbsQx kPsPbk
Py dyb­.kP ’.PM.• s kxkPbg% ’.PM séwfSP Pws•k.P.y•k ébP’bb• kPbsQx kPsPbk yddfww.•à ’Mb•
dbwPs.• SswsgbPbwk yw .•.P.sh dy•Q.P.y•k swb ‘sw.bQG pywb QbPs.hbQ Swbkb•PsP.y•k yc Qb‘bh7
ySgb•Psh gyQbhk .• SMskb kSsdb Ms‘b ébb• Qbkdw.ébQ Wp.kMswsG >ïÉÉA 9w.àyà.•bG >ïïJA
9w.àyà.•b s•Q 3Pb•àbwkG >ïÉÉNG
P .k ébxy•Q PMb kdySb yc PM.k swP.dhb Py Swbkb•P s QbPs.hbQ Qbkdw.SP.y• yc PMb fkb yc
SMskb kSsdb s•shxk.k s•Q PMb Qb‘bhySgb•P yc Q.kk.SsP.‘b kPwfdPfwbkG DfwPMbw b­Shs•sP.y•k
yc PMb Qb‘bhySgb•P yc Q.kk.SsP.‘b kPwfdPfwbk swd Swy‘.QbQ é‘ t.dyh.k s•Q 9w.àyà.•b
W>ï__' s•Q 9w.àyà.•b W>ïïJ'% s•Q s kfggswx yc PMb.w ’ywC cyw kPfQb•Pk .• é.yhyàx ’sk
’w.PPb• éx uséhyxs•PT W>ïÉ|'% :M.k sSSwysdM Msk ébb• PMb ésk.k yc kPfQ.bk .• s ‘sw.bPx yc
c.bhQk% .•dhfQ.•à PMb kyd.sh ébMs‘.yfw yc .•kbdPk W-bwMsbàMb s•Q ab•bféyfwàG >ïÉ<NG
dMs•àbk y‘bw P.gb .• hb‘bhk yc gbPséyh.Pbk dy•Pwyhh.•à dbwPs.• b•TxgsP.d wbsdP.y•k WeyhQ7
ébPbw s•Q msShs•G >ï_|'G s•Q PMb Qb‘bhySgb•P yc ds•dbwyfk P.kkfbk Weswsx s•Q bcb‘bwG
>ï_ÉNG :Mb Swbkb•P fkb yc kygb yc PMb PbdM•.Bfbk yc SMskb kSsdb s•shxk.k .k h.g.PbQ Py s
wbhsP.‘bhx k.gShb P’y7Q.gb•k.y•sh SMskb kSsdbG
144.82.238.225 - 1/11/2018 6:24:46 PM

rn vfgs• ab‘bhySgb•P ï& A<ïA U 7 ïJ p .kMsws


Downloaded by:
UCL
s48H M!x4O6HgHg v4-VHN-:-^ v48xHO:O:4-g THOCHH- bC4 bH-hH-V:Hg

1fw s•shxk.k yc kf.d.Qsh Swydbkkbk ébà.•k ’.PM kygb k.gShb MxSyPMbkbkG P .k MxSyPM7
bk.TbQ PMsP PMbwb swd P’y ésk.d Pb•Qb•d.bk PMsP ‘swx y‘bw P.gb% s kf.d.Qsh Pb•Qb•dx s•Q s
h.cb Pb•Qb•dx 7 s MxSyPMbk.k PMsP Sswshhbhk Py kygb b­Pb•P PMb dy•dbSPk yc s h.cb Qw.‘b
FnwykN s•Q s QbsPM Qw.‘b F:Ms•sPykN sk Qbkdw.ébQ éx DwbfQ F>ï=='G vy’b‘bw% cyw PMb Sfw7
Sykb yc PMb Swbkb•P s•shxk.k% ’b h.g.P yfw dy•dbw• Py s gywb kSbd.c.d QbsPM Qw.‘b PMsP .•7
‘yh‘bk kf.d.Qsh .QbsP.y• s•Q wbhsPbQ Pb•Qb•d.bk PMsP% .• PMb.w gykP b­Pwbgb cywgG hbsQ Py
s h.cb7PMwbsPb•.•à kf.d.Qb sPPbgSPG
:Mb b­.kPb•db yc kf.d.Qsh Pb•Qb•d.bk .k ’bhh Qydfgb•PbQ W3M•b.Qgs•G >ïÉ*'G pykP
SbyShb Swyéséhx dy•k.Qbw kf.d.Qb sP kygb P.gb .• PMb.w h.‘bk% s•Q kbw.yfk kf.d.Qsh .Qbs7
P.y• s•Q sPPbgSPk swb cs.whx dyggy•G H kfw‘bx .• 6f[ébdG ms•sQs% cyf•Q J& yc PMb
àb•bwsh SySfhsP.y• wbSywP.•à Py Ms‘b kbw.yfkhx sPPbgSPbQ kf.d.Qb .• PMb SskP xbsw
Wngy•Q bP sMG >ïÉÉ'G 3f.d.Qb sPPbgSPk swb Bf.Pb wswbhx kSfw7yc7PMb7gygb•P Qbd.k.y•kG
pykP kf.d.Qsh SbyShb dy•k.Qbw kf.d.Qb cyw ’bbCk% gy•PMk% yw xbswk ébcywb b.PMbw sP7
PbgSP.•à kf.d.Qb yw b­Sbw.b•d.•à s k.à•.c.ds•P wbQfdP.y• .• PMb.w kf.d.Qsh Pb•Qb•d.bkG
3M•b.Qgs• W>ïÉ*' SykPfhsPbQ PMsP shh SbyShb Ms‘b kf.d.Qsh Pb•Qb•d.bk PMsP .•dwbskb s•Q
Qbdwbskb sk s cf•dP.y• yc h.cb k.PfsP.y•kG :Mbkb Pb•Qb•d.bk swb hy’ cyw gykP SbyShb éfP
ds• ébdygb k.à•.c.ds•Phx M.àM .c h.cb d.wdfgkPs•dbk ébdygb kfcc.d.b•Phx Q.cc.dfhP yw Ss.•7
cfhG
Dyw PMb SfwSykb yc PMb Swbkb•P s•shxk.k% .P .k skkfgbQ PMsP kbSswsPb kf.d.Qsh Pb•Qb•7
d.bk s•Q h.cb Pb•Qb•d.bk b­.kPG P dyfhQ bBfshhx ’bhh éb MxSyPMbk.TbQ PMsP PMb kf.d.Qsh s•Q
h.cb Pb•Qb•d.bk swb y•b s•Q PMb ksgb 7 ySSyk.Pb Syhbk yc y•b dy•P.•fyfk Q.gb•k.y•G :Mb
MxSyPMbk.k yc kbSswsPb FéfP wbhsPbQN h.cb s•Q kf.d.Qsh Pb•Qb•d.bk sddywQk ’.PM dh.•.dsh b­7
Sbw.b•db ’.PM kf.d.Qsh .•Q.‘.Qfshk 7 PMb P’y dyb­.kP.•à Pb•Qb•d.bk swb .Qb•P.c.séhb sk kbS7
swsPb PxSbk yc ébMs‘.yfwkG Dyw b­sgShb% SbyShb gsx Shs• s•Q cs•Psk.Tb séyfP kbhc7Qb7
kPwfdP.y• ’M.hb sdP.‘bhx kbbC.•à MbhS s•Q cs•Psk.T.•à séyfP dy•P.•f.•à Py h.‘bG :Mb
MxSyPMbk.k yc P’y kbSswsPb Pb•Qb•d.bk ds• shky éb ,fkP.c.bQ y• M.kPyw.dsh àwyf•Qk% éskbQ
y• PMb DwbfQ.s• dy•dbSPk yc nwyk s•Q :Ms•sPykG Dyw PMb SfwSykb yc PMb Swbkb•P s•shxk.kG
> wbcbw Py PMb kf.d.Qsh Pb•Qb•dx sk 5a5 s•Q PMb h.cb Pb•Qb•dx sk 5 5G .P .k skkfgbQ PMsP •b.7
PMbw Pb•Qb•dx ds• éb •bàsP.‘b Fa OG ONG
:Mb P’y Pb•Qb•d.bkG s•Q aG swb skkfgbQ Py .•chfb•db bsdM yPMbw .• kfdM s gs••bw
PMsP s SMb•ygb•y• yc gfPfsh .•M.é.P.y• b­.kPkG :MsP .kG a .•M.é.P G s•Q .•M.é.Pk aG
:M.k gfPfsh .•M.é.P.y• k.gShx gbs•k PMsP s• .•dwbskb .• kf.d.Qsh Pb•Qb•d.bk sccbdPk h.cb
Pb•Qb•d.bk .• kfdM s gs••bw PMsP h.cb Pb•Qb•d.bk swb wbQfdbQ% ’M.hb s• .•dwbskb .• h.cb
Pb•Qb•d.bk Qbdwbskbk kf.d.Qsh Pb•Qb•d.bkG
P .k cfwPMbw skkfgbQ PMsP a .k wbhsPbQ Py PMb SswsgbPbw 3SG ’M.dM .k PMb kfg yc shh
.•SfPk sccbdP.•à PMb ‘sw.séhb aG 5 •SfPk5 wbcbwk Py PMb ‘sw.yfk csdPywk PMsP .•dwbskb kf.d.7
Qsh Pb•Qb•d.bk cyw s à.‘b• .•Q.‘.Qfsh F.•dhfQ.•à kfdM Q.‘bwkb b­Sbw.b•dbk sk SMxk.dsh
Ss.•% hykk yc s SswP•bw% yw s• swàfgb•P ’.PM s csg.hx gbgébwNG .k k.g.hswhx wbhsPbQ Py
PMb SswsgbPbw 3 .G Qbc.•bQ sk PMb kfg yc shh .•SfPk sccbdP.•à G uyPM 3S s•Q 3.G swb sk7
kfgbQ Py éb Syk.P.‘b .•SfPk F3S OG 3.% ONG :MsP .kG PMbwb swb sh’sxk% sP hbskP sP kygb
g.•.gsh hb‘bh% .•SfPk .• h.cb b­Sbw.b•db PMsP sccbdP PMb a s•Q Pb•Qb•d.bkG
Hhky MxSyPMbk.TbQ .k s SswsgbPbw PMsP Qbkdw.ébk PMb hb‘bh yc gfPfsh .•M.é.P.y•
’Mbwbéx a .•M.é.Pk s•Q .•M.é.Pk aG :Mb gyQbh Qb‘bhySbQ Mbwb .k .•kS.wbQ éx s gyQbh
yc é.•ydfhsw w.‘shwx Swbkb•PbQ éx psPkfyCs F >ïÉJ'G psPkfyCs Qbkdw.ébQ s gsPMbgsP.dsh
gyQbh yc PMb gfPfsh .•M.é.P.y• yc PMb w.àMP s•Q hbcP ‘.kfsh •bfwy• kxkPbgk Py b­Shs.• é.•7
ydfhsw w.‘shwxG psPkfyCs gyQbhbQ PMb cf•dP.y•.•à yc P’y •bfwy•k .• dygSbP.P.y• s•Q
144.82.238.225 - 1/11/2018 6:24:46 PM

a x•sg .d p yQbh y c 3f.d.Qb vfgs• ab‘bhySgb•P >ïï|A<ïA>É>7>ïJ >É_


Downloaded by:
UCL
D.àG >G H gyQbh yc dygSbP.P.y• ébP’bb• kf.
w.Qb s•Q h.cb Pb•Qb•d.bkG

Swbkb•PbQ s dygSfPbw k.gfhsP.y• yc PMb wbkfhPkG vbwb SwySykb s gyQbh yc dygSbP.P.y•


.• s Bf.Pb Q.ccbwb•P Qygs.• s•Q Swbkb•P s Q.ccbwb•P cywg yc s•shxk.k yc PMb Qx•sg.dkG

c f4hH9 41 v6.-^H 45HN b:8H

vbwb ’b swb .•PbwbkPbQ .• dy•kPwfdP.•à s gyQbh yc My’ a s•Q dMs•àb y‘bw P.gb
sk s cf•dP.y• yc PMb SswsgbPbwk Swb‘.yfkhx Qbkdw.ébQG v.b dygSbP.P.y• yc PMb P’y Pb•7
Qb•d.bk sk PMbx dMs•àb y‘bw P.gb ds• éb Qbkdw.ébQ éx PMb cyhhy’.•à bBfsP.y•k Fc.àG NA

F>N QaRQP ö 7a — 3y 7 sàF NG s•Q


F=N Q RQP ö 7 — sàFaN%

’Mbwb QaRQP s•Q Q RQP wbSwbkb•P PMb dMs•àbk y‘bw P.gb .• a s•Q G 3y s•Q swb Syk.7
P.‘b .•SfPk s•Q PMb kfgk yc shh b­Sbw.b•dbk sccbdP.•à PMb ‘sw.séhbk a s•Q G :Mb Ssws7
gbPbw $s5 gbskfwbk PMb gfPfsh .•M.é.P.y• yc a s•Q G s•Q àFaN s•Q àF N wbSwbkb•P PMb
gfPfsh .•M.é.P.y• cf•dP.y•k yc a s•Q sk cyhhy’kA àFaN ö O ’Mb• a OG àF N ö O ’Mb•
O% àFaN ö a ’Mb• a OG s•Q àF N ö ’Mb• OG

sOH.h! sO.OHg

H•shxkbk yc PMb SwbdbQ.•à bBfsP.y•k ’bwb dy•QfdPbQ Py QbPbwg.•b PMb kPbsQx kPsPbk
sQg.PPbQ éx PMbkb bBfsP.y•k% sk ’bhh sk PMb.w kPsé.h.Px SwySbwP.bk WpsPkfyCs% >ïÉJNG Hk .•7
Q.dsPbQ bswh.bw% PMb kPbsQx kPsPbk swb PMykb dy•Q.P.y•k f•Qbw ’M.dM PMb a s•Q Pb•Qb•7
d.bk wbgs.• dy•kPs•P y‘bw P.gb W yykk s•Q lykbSMG >ïÉO'% psPMbgsP.dshhx% PM.k dy•Q.P.y•
.k b­SwbkkbQ éx PMb wbhsP.y• QaRQP ö Q RQP ö OG zv.b kPsé.h.Px yc s kPbsQx yw kPsP.y•swx
kPsPb .k s cf•dP.y• yc ’MsP yddfwk .c PMb hb‘bhk yc a s•Q swb kh.àMPhx SbwPfwébQG H kPbsQx
kPsPb .k kPséhb ’Mb• s SbwPfwésP.y• swyf•Q PMb kPbsQx kPsPb wbàwbkkbk s•Q PMb kxkPbg wb7
Pfw•k Py PMb kPbsQx kPsPbG • s• f•kPséhb kPbsQx kPsPb% kh.àMP ‘sw.sP.y•k hbsQ Py Q.‘bwàb•db
cwyg PMb kPbsQx kPsPbG
:séhb > Qbkdw.ébk PMb kPbsQx kPsPbk s•Q PMb.w kPsé.h.Px .• Pbwgk yc bBfsP.y•kG :Mb
bBfsP.y•k wbchbdP Q.ccbwb•P kPbsQx kPshbk yc a s•Q G QbSb•Q.•à y• PMb ‘shfbk yc sG
s•Q :Mwbb dy•Q.P.y•k ds• yddfw FPséhb >NG
F>N c PMb gfPfsh .•M.é.P.y• .k ’bsC% PMsP .kG PMb SswsgbPbw zsL .k kgshh b•yfàM Fs
3N y•b kPséhb kPbsQx kPsPb .k yéPs.•bQ .• ’M.dM PMb kf.d.Qsh s•Q h.cb Pb•Qb•d.bk Fa s•Q N
dyb­.kPG 8•Qbw PMbkb d.wdfgkPs•dbk PMbwb swb •y f•kPséhb kPbsQx kPsPbkG v.b .•kPsé.h.Px
dy•Q.P.y• yéPs.•bQ cwyg h.•bsw kPsé.h.Px s•shxk.k kMy’k PMsP s kPbsQx khsPb .k f•kPséhb .c
144.82.238.225 - 1/11/2018 6:24:46 PM

>UÉ vfgs• ab‘bhySgb•P >ïï|j<ïA>É>7>ïJ p .kMsws


Downloaded by:
UCL
:séhb >G 3PbsQx kPsPbk s•Q kPsé.h.Px yc kf.d.Qsh s•Q h.cb Pb•Qb•d.bk f•Qbw ‘swx.•à
dy•Q.P.y•k yc gfPfsh .•M.é.P.y•

my•Q.P.y• 3PbsQx kPsPb 3Psé.h.Px

F>N s k 3 • 7s 3 .G > 3 VG7s 3 y kPséhb


F’bsC gfPfsh .•M.é.P.y•N D i >7 s= >7 s 7
s- G .PK s- >
3y

F=sN k - s - 3 q q L O kPséhb
FgbQ.fg gfPfsh .•M.é.P.y•N
3öcj >G s- >
’.PM 3y 5 3V

F=éN ö 3W a O kPséhb
-A/
=/

L
,

FgbQ.fg gfPfsh .•M.é.P.y•N


s- >
’.PM 3VG 5 3y aPi ■
F<N s5 3 F>N 1 L 3y L O kPséhb
FkPwy•à gfPfsh .•M.é.P.y•N s 5 3G s5 >
F=N ö 3%G a L O kPséhb
s 5 3G s5 >
7 s3.G V 3.G 7 s3y f•kPséhb
F<N < L qj - — L ))))))))))) .
7s 7 > 7 s7
s5 >

s G D.àfwb = SywPwsxk PM.k k.PfsP.y• sk wbSwbkb•PbQ .• PMb P’y7Q.gb•k.y•sh SMskb kSsdb


F % aNG 4MsPb‘bw PMb .•.P.sh dygé.•sP.y• yc 3 s•Q Pb•Qb•d.bk% PMbwb .k s SwySb•k.Px Py
Qb‘bhyS Py’swQ PMb k.•àhb Sy.•P .• PMb db•Pwb ’Mbwb a s•Q Pb•Qb•d.bk dyb­.kP s•Q swb
éyPM wbhsP.‘bhx kPwy•àG • wbsh.Px .P .k Q.cc.dfhP Py dy•db.‘b yc k.PfsP.y•k ’Mbwb $sL .k ’bsC
s•Q PMb h.cb s•Q kf.d.Qsh Pb•Qb•d.bk Qy •yP .•M.é.P bsdM yPMbw kfékPs•P.shhx% b­dbSP .• PMb
dskb yc b­Pwbgb SkxdMySsPMyhyà.bkG
• k.PfsP.y•k yc b­Pwbgb SkxdMySsPMyhyàx% y•b ds• .gsà.•b PMb d.wdfgkPs•db .•
’M.dM s Sbwky• Msk kPséhb h.cb Pb•Qb•d.bk s•Q kPséhb kf.d.Qsh Pb•Qb•d.bk PMsP swb •yP gf7
Pfshhx .•chfb•dbQ éx dMs•àbk .• PMb Sbwky•Lk b­Sbw.b•dbkG :M.k k.PfsP.y• .k wbhsP.‘bhx wswbG
FDyw gykP SbyShbG s•Q a .•chfb•db bsdM yPMbw k.à•.c.ds•PhxGN Dcy’b‘bwG ’b ds• kSbdf7
hsPb PMsP kfdM s k.PfsP.y• gsx shky sw.kb .• PMb dskbk yc ky7dshhbQ $dMwy•.dL kf.d.Qsh .•Q.7
‘.Qfshk ’My b•àsàb .• gfhP.Shb kf.d.Qb sPPbgSPk s•Q ’My kbbg Py Ms‘b kPwy•à kf.d.Qsh
Pb•Qb•d.bk dyfShbQ ’.PM k.g.hswhx kPwy•à h.cb Pb•Qb•d.bk PMsP •b.PMbw .•chfb•db bsdM
y PM bw •yw dM s• àb k.à• .c.ds• Phx y ‘ bw P.g bG
F=N 1•b kPséhb kPbsQx kPsPb s•Q •y f•kPséhb kPbsQx kPsPbk shky b­.kP .c PMb gfPfsh .•7
M.é.P.y• FsN .k gbQ.fg% kfdM PMsP k s 3G 8•Qbw PMbkb d.wdfgkPs•dbk PMb Pb•Qb•dx
Ms‘.•à PMb hswàbw .•SfP Qyg.•sPbkG D.àfwb < QbS.dPk PMb SMskb kSsdb s•shxk.k yc PM.k k.Pfs7
P.y•G Hàs.•% PMb gfPfsh .•M.é.P.y• ébP’bb• a s•Q .k àb•bwshhx M.àM% ky PM.k k.PfsP.y•
wbchbdPk s SsPMyhyà.dsh dy•Q.P.y• Q.ccbwb•P cwyg PMsP QbS.dPbQ .• séy‘bG c ’b skkfgb PMsP
a s•Q swb sh’sxk Swbkb•P Py kygb b­Pb•P FPMsP .kG a OG ON% PM.k kPbsQx kPsPb àb•7
bwshhx ’yfhQ •yP éb yéPs.•bQG n‘b• kyG .P gsx éb .•PbwbkP.•à Py f•QbwkPs•Q PMb •sPfwb yc
PM.k kPbsQx7kPsPb kyhfP.y•% .c y•b ’bwb Py sQg.P PMb b­.kPb•db yc PMb k.PfsP.y•k ö O yw a
ö OG 8•Qbw PMb dy•Q.P.y•k QbS.dPbQ Mbwb% PMb hsdC yc PMb fkfsh M.àM hb‘bh yc gfPfsh .•M.é7
.P.y• ébP’bb• a s•Q .k kfdM PMsP PMb a Pb•Qb•dx Qyg.•sPbkG 4Mb• 3y 3PG% PMb Pb•7
144.82.238.225 - 1/11/2018 6:24:46 PM

a x•sg .d p yQbh y c 3f.d.Qb vfgs• ab‘bhySgb•P >ïï|K<ïA>É>7>ïJ >Éï


Downloaded by:
UCL
D.àG =G :’y7Q.gb•k.y•sh SMskb kSsdb SywPws.P yc kf.d.Qb s•Q h.cb Pb•Qb•d.bk% ’Mb• PMb gfPfsh .•7
M.é.P.y• s .k ’bsCG
D.àG <G :’y7Q.gb•k.y•sh SMskb kSsdb SywPws.P yc kf.d.Qb s•Q h.cb Pb•Qb•d.bk ’Mb• PMb gfPfsh .•M.7
é.P.y• s .k gbQ.fg% ’.PM 3. 3y7

Qb•dx Qyg.•sPbkG Hk kMy’• .• c.àfwb <G wbàswQhbkk yc PMb .•.P.sh dygé.•sP.y• yc a s•Q G
PMbwb .k s Pb•Qb•dx y‘bw P.gb Py Qb‘bhyS Py’swQ s M.àM hb‘bh yc G ’.PM PMb a hb‘bh éb.•à
OG afb Py PMb kb•k.P.‘.Px yc PM.k kPbsQx kPsPb Py dMs•àb .• PMb 3y73. éshs•db% ykd.hhsP.y•k
ébP’bb• PMb k.PfsP.y•k ’Mbwb b.PMbw a yw Qyg.•sPbk gsx éb yékbw‘bQ ’Mb• 3y s•Q 3W
éyPM chfdPfsPb swyf•Q k.g.hsw hb‘bhk Fc.àG JNG :M.k k.PfsP.y• Sswshhbhk PMsP yékbw‘bQ .•
gs•.d7QbSwbkk.‘b SkxdMykbk% ’Mbwb PMb .•Q.‘.Qfsh .k b.PMbw 5Qy’•5 yw $fSL QbSb•Q.•à y•
‘sw.sP.y•k .• PMb éshs•db ébP’bb• Syk.P.‘b s•Q •bàsP.‘b h.cb k.PfsP.y•k yw é.ydMbg.dsh
kfékPwsPbk FQbSb•Q.•à y• ’M.dM csdPywk y•b ébh.b‘bk swb dsfksh .• PM.k Q.kywQbwNG 1•db
PMb gs•.d7QbSwbkk.‘b .k .• b.PMbw s gs•.d yw s QbSwbkk.‘b kPsPb% dMs•àbk PMsP swd •yP kfcc.7
d.b•Phx kPwy•à Py fSkbP PMb éshs•db Ms‘b •y .•chfb•db y• PMb kPséhb gs•.d yw QbSwbkk.‘b
dy•Q.P.y•G
F<N c PMb gfPfsh .•M.é.P.y• .k kPwy•à% yw PMb SswsgbPbw $sL .k àwbsPbw PMs• y•bG P’y
kPséhb kPbsQx kPsPbk s•Q y•b f•kPséhb kPbsQx kPsPb b­.kPG :Mbkb P’y kPséhb kPbsQx7kPsPb ky7
hfP.y•k gsx éb Qbkdw.ébQ .• PMb ksgb gs••bw sk .• F=N séy‘bG :Mb f•kPséhb kPbsQx7kPsPb
kyhfP.y• dy•kP.PfPbk PMb y•hx kPbsQx kPsPb .• ’M.dM éyPM Pb•Qb•d.bk dyb­.kPG Hk kMy’• .•
PMb SMskb kSsdb Q.sàwsg Fc.àG *NG kh.àMP ‘sw.sP.y•k .• a s•Q swyf•Q PM.k kPbsQx7kPsPb ky7
hfP.y• wbkfhP .• .•dwbskbk b.PMbw .• a yw .• G QbSb•Q.•à y• PMb •sPfwb yc PMb dMs•àbkG
:MsP .kG à.‘b• s kfcc.d.b•Phx M.àM hb‘bh yc a s•Q G g.•yw ‘sw.sP.y•k .• PMb dy•Q.P.y•k sc
cbdP.•à a s•Q F3S s•Q wbkfhP .• k.à•.c.ds•P .•dwbskbk yw Qbdwbskbk .• a s•Q G • éb7
Ms‘.yfwsh Pbwgk% y•b ’yfhQ b­SbdP PMsP s wbhsP.‘bhx g.•yw •bàsP.‘b h.cb b­Sbw.b•db dyfhQ
éb $PMb kPws’ PMsP éwbsCk PMb dsgbhLk ésdC5 s•Q wbkfhP .• s QwsgsP.d .•dwbskb .• kf.d.Qsh
Pb•Qb•dxG 1• PMb Syk.P.‘b k.Qb% wbhsP.‘bhx g.•yw Syk.P.‘b b­Sbw.b•dbk yw PMbwsSbfP.d
.•Pbw‘b•P.y•k gsx hbsQ Py s QwsgsP.d Qbcfk.•à yc s kf.d.Qsh dw.k.kG
144.82.238.225 - 1/11/2018 6:24:46 PM

rme vfgs• ab‘bhySgb•P >ïï|A<ïA>É>7>ïJ p .kMsws


Downloaded by:
UCL
D.àG JG :’y7Q.gb•k.y•sh SMskb kSsdb SywPws.P yc kf.d.Qb s•Q h.cb Pb•Qb•d.bk ’Mb• PMb gfPfsh .•M.7
é.P.y• s .k gbQ.fg% ’.PM 3y 3VYG
D.àG *G :’y7Q.gb•k.y•sh SMskb kSsdb SywPws.P yc PMb f•kPséhb kPbsQx kPshb yc kf.d.Qb s•Q h.cb Pb•7
Qb•d.bk ’Mb• PMb gfPfsh .•M.é.P.y• s .k kPwy•àG

v4-V9zg:4-g

:Mb gyQbh yc PMb Qx•sg.dk yc kf.d.Qb Qb‘bhySbQ .• PM.k swP.dhb .k éskbQ y• cs.whx
k.gShb skkfgSP.y•kG 1• PMb ésk.k yc PM.k gyQbh% .•PbwbkP.•à .•kPsé.h.P.bk swb QbS.dPbQG
:b•Qb•d.bk Py’swQ kf.d.Qb yw Py’swQ h.cb gsx .•dwbskb yw Qbdwbskb QwsgsP.dshhx% Qfb Py
g.•yw chfdPfsP.y•k .• h.cb d.wdfgkPs•dbkG :M.k s•shxk.k yccbwk s gyQbh yc kf.d.Qb .• ’M.dM
PMb SswsQy­.dsh •sPfwb yc kf.d.Qsh ‘sw.sP.y•k Qbkdw.ébQ .• PMb dh.•.dsh h.PbwsPfwb .k •y
hy•àbw b•.àgsP.dG :Mb chfdPfsP.y•k PMsP éw.•à séyfP PMb Qyg.•s•db yc kf.d.Qsh yw h.cb Pb•7
Qb•d.bk swb kbb• Mbwb sk s •sPfwsh wbkfhP yc PMb Qx•sg.dk yc PMb Swydbkkbk PMsP Ms‘b ébb•
Qbkdw.ébQ% ’M.dM .•‘yh‘b dygSbP.P.y• ébP’bb• kf.d.Qsh s•Q h.cb Pb•Qb•d.bkG
:’y dhsw.c.dsP.y•k kMyfhQ éb •yPbQ .• .•PbwSwbP.•à PMb kPbsQx7kPsPb Qbkdw.SP.y•k F.•
sQQ.P.y• Py shh yc PMb àb•bwsh ds‘bsPk dy•dbw•.•à PMb Qs•àbwk yc àb•bwsh.T.•à cwyg gyQ7
bhk yc ébMs‘.yfw Py wbsh7h.cb d.wdfgkPs•dbkNG D.wkP% PMb •sPfwb yc PMb .•kPsé.h.Px yc PMb
kPbsQx kPsPb .• k.PfsP.y• < .k kfdM PMsP s g.•yw h.cb b‘b•P PMsP kbPk ycc s• bkdshsP.y• .• a
yw ds• éb ycckbP éx s kfékbBfb•P g.•yw h.cb b‘b•P PMsP ds• dygShbPbhx dMs•àb PMb ésh7
s•db ébP’bb• PMb a s•Q Pb•Qb•d.bkG tbsw PMb kPbsQx7kPsPb kyhfP.y•% ykd.hhsP.y•k
ébP’bb• .•dwbsk.•à a s•Q .•dwbsk.•à ds• yddfw ’.PM.• wbhsP.‘bhx éw.bc Sbw.yQk yc P.gb%
.c h.cb d.wdfgkPs•dbk ‘swxG Dyw b­sgShb% s• swàfgb•P ’.PM s csg.hx gbgébw gsx kbP ycc s
kf.d.Qsh dw.k.k .• kygby•b ’My Msk kPwy•à kf.d.Qsh Pb•Qb•d.bk Fs•Q Sswshhbh kPwy•à h.cb
Pb•Qb•d.bkNG vy’b‘bw% s dygSskk.y•sPb SMy•b dshh cwyg s cw.b•Q ds• wb‘bwkb PMb Swydbkk
éx .•dwbsk.•à PMb .•M.é.P.•à h.cb Pb•Qb•d.bkG :.Pfk% ’Mb• k.à•.c.ds•P kf.d.Qsh Pb•Qb•d.bk
swb Swbkb•P% .P .k Q.cc.dfhP FSbwMsSk .gSykk.éhbN Py SwbQ.dP PMb Q.wbdP.y• .• ’M.dM PMb Pb•7
Qb•d.bk ’.hh Qb‘bhyS ’Mb• y•hx g.•yw h.cb d.wdfgkPs•dbk swb sP ShsxG P cyhhy’k PMsP Swb7
Q.dP.•à PMb kf.d.Qsh ébMs‘.yfw yc .•Q.‘.Qfshk .k kb‘bwbhx h.g.PbQ éx PMb •sPfwb yc PMb SMb7
•ygb•y• yc kf.d.QbG :M.k csdP Qybk •yPG My’b‘bw% SwbdhfQb PMb Qb‘bhySgb•P yc
Swyésé.h.kP.d SwbQ.dP.y•k yc àwyfS ébMs‘.yfwG
:Mb kbdy•Q dhsw.c.dsP.y• dy•dbw•k PMb h.g.Pk yc .•Pbw‘b•P.y•k .• MbhS.•à kf.d.Qsh Sbw7
ky•k s•Q PMb h.g.Pk yc •bàsP.‘b h.cb b‘b•Pk .• .•dwbsk.•à kf.d.Qsh.P‘G • gykP d.wdfg7
144.82.238.225 - 1/11/2018 6:24:46 PM

a x•sg .d p yQbh y c 3f.d.Qb vfgs• ab‘bhySgb•P >ïï|K<ïA>É>7>ïJ >ï>


Downloaded by:
UCL
D.àG |G nccbdP y c dMs•à.•à 3V ’Mb• 3y .k c.­bQA
SMskb kSsdb SywPws.P y c kf.d.Qb s•Q h.cb Pb•Qb•d.bk
’Mb• PMb gfPfsh .•M.é.P.y• s .k kPwy•àG

kPs•dbk% •b.PMbw 3y •yw Qyg.•sPbk dy•k.kPb•PhxG Hk gykP SbyShb swb •y•7kf.d.Qsh gykP
yc PMb P.gb% ’b ds• skkfgb PMsP Pb•Qb•d.bk swb àb•bwshhx Qyg.•s•PG Hk PMb .•.P.sh kPsPb
ds• éb àb•bwshhx skkfgbQ Py éb .• G PMbwb .k s Pb•Qb•dx Py .•dwbskb .• y‘bw P.gbG vy’7
b‘bwG .c 3y wbgs.•k dy•k.kPb•Phx àwbsPbw PMs• sddywQ.•à Py yfw gyQbhG a ds• .•dwbskb
Py kfdM s• b­Pb•P PMsP sSSwysdMbk Tbwy s•Q y•hx QwsgsP.d dMs•àbk .• PMb 3 G73 D wsP.y
ds• wbkfhP .• s wb‘bwksh yc PMb Pwb•QG :M.k wswb k.PfsP.y• gsx b­.kP ’Mb• s Sbwky• .k ky csw
shy•à PMb SsPM Py’swQ kf.d.Qb PMsP sPPbgSPk Py kbbC MbhS swb SwsdP.dshhx •y•7b­.kPb•P s•Q
s kf.d.Qb sPPbgSP ’.hh gykP Swyéséhx yddfw f•hbkk b­Pwbgb .•Pbw‘b•P.y•k swb .•.P.sPbQG H
k.g.hsw Pb•Qb•dx Py’swQ s Syk.P.‘b yfPdygb .k Sykk.éhb ’Mb• 3.G .k kfcc.d.b•Phx àwbsPbw
PMs• q Py kfdM s• b­Pb•P s•Q cyw kfdM s hy•à P.gb Sbw.yQ PMsP SwbQyg.•sPbk s•Q a
hykbk .Pk Sy’bw Py wbQfdb k.à•.c.ds•Phx Fc.àG |NG
D.àfwb | kMy’k My’ PMb SMskb kSsdb SywPws.P dMs•àbk sk .k gyQ.c.bQ ’M.hb 3y .k
c.­bQ% ’Mb• PMb gfPfsh .•M.é.P.y• .k kPwy•àG •dwbskbk .• gsx Q.g.•.kM PMb swbs ’Mbwb
Qb‘bhySgb•P Py’swQ Qyg.•sP.y• éx a yddfwk FbGàGG N7 vy’b‘bw% .c .k QbdwbskbQ k.à7
•.c.ds•Phx FbGàGG 3. kN% PMb swbs ’Mbwb PMbwb .k Qb‘bhySgb•P Py’swQ a .•dwbskbk QwsgsP.dshhxG
P .k •sPfwsh Py éb dsfP.yfk .• sSShx.•à sékPwsdP gsPMbgsP.dsh gyQbhk Py wbsh7h.cb Mf7
gs• ébMs‘.yfwG 1•b gsx w.àMPcfhhx BfbkP.y• PMb b­Pb•P Py ’M.dM PMbkb sPPwsdP.‘b gyQbhk
5wbshhx5 Qbkdw.éb PMb Qx•sg.dk yc kf.d.Qsh SwydbkkbkG 9bwMsSk PMb ’sx Py b‘shfsPb PMb fkb7
cfh•bkk yc kfdM gsPMbgsP.dshhx yéPs.•bQ gyQbhk .k Py b­sg.•b PMb.w sé.h.Px Py Qbkdw.éb
.gSywPs•P skSbdPk yc Qb‘bhySgb•Psh dMs•àbk .• PMb ébMs‘.yfw PMsP .k f•Qbw .•‘bkP.às7
P.y•G • PM.k dskb% sg •yP s’swb yc s•x yPMbw gyQbh PMsP Qbkdw.ébk PMbkb b•.àgsP.d dMsw7
sdPbw.kP.dk yc kf.d.Qsh Qx•sg.dkG :Mb sSSwysdM Swbkb•PbQ Mbwb àb•bwsPbk gyQbhk .• ’M.dM
wbhsP.‘bhx g.•yw b‘b•Pk gsx sP dbwPs.• h.gbk Ms‘b àwbsP .gSywPs•db .• .•chfb•d.•à k.à•.c7
.ds•P .•dwbskb yw Qbdwbskb .• kf.d.Qsh Pb•Qb•d.bkG DfwPMbwgywb% PM.k sSSwysdM kfààbkPk
PMsP Pb•Qb•d.bk Py b•Q y•b5k h.cb yw •yP Py Qy ky kMyfhQ •yP éb dy•k.QbwbQ s k.gShb sQQ.7
P.‘b cf•dP.y• yc Syk.P.‘b s•Q •bàsP.‘b b‘b•PkG :Mb Qx•sg.dk yc dMs•àb y‘bw P.gb cf•dP.y•
.• s •y•h.•bsw gs••bwG :M.k .k •yP Py ksx PMsP PMb gyQbhk Swbkb•PbQ Mbwb Qbkdw.éb
$wbsh.PxL .• s•x Q.wbdP kb•kbG H•x PMbywx yw gyQbh gsx éb wbShsdbQ éx ébPPbw gyQbhk PMsP
swb gywb dygShbPb .• PMb.w Qbkdw.SP.‘b dsSsd.P.bk yw àb•bwsPb gywb .gSywPs•P SwsdP.dsh
.gSh.dsP.y•kG
:Mb SbwkSbdP.‘b yccbwbQ Mbwb cydfkbk y• PMb Qx•sg.d •sPfwb yc Qb‘bhySgb•Psh Swy7
dbkkbk sk PMbx dMs•àb y‘bw P.gbG :M.k PxSb yc s•shxk.k gsx éb Bf.Pb fkbcfh cyw Qb‘bhyS7
144.82.238.225 - 1/11/2018 6:24:46 PM

>ï= vfgs• ab‘bhySgb•P >ïï|A<ïA>U>7>ïJ p .kMsws


Downloaded by:
UCL
gb•Psh SkxdMyhyà.kPk ébdsfkb .P ds• éb fkbQ Py kPfQx s ’.Qb ws•àb yc SMb•ygb•sG :Mb
PyS.d yc kf.d.Qb .k •yP PxS.dshhx dy•k.QbwbQ cwyg s Qb‘bhySgb•Psh SbwkSbdP.‘bG :Mb s•shx7
k.k PMsP Msk ébb• Swbkb•PbQ Mbwb kfààbkPk PMsP s Qb‘bhySgb•Psh SbwkSbdP.‘b gsx éb cwf.P7
cfhhx sSSh.bQ Py s •b’ PyS.d PMsP ’sk Swb‘.yfkhx dy•k.QbwbQ cyw PMb gykP SswP cwyg s dh.•7
.dsh Sy.•P yc ‘.b’G vySbcfhhx% gywb Qb‘bhySgb•Psh SkxdMyhyà.kPk ’.hh sSShx kfdM s
SbwkSbdP.‘b Py •b’5 PyS.dk PMsP .•‘yh‘b dMs•àbk y‘bw P.gb% s•Q Qx•sg.d Qb‘bhySgb•Psh
gyQbhk ’.hh éb b­ShywbQ .• s ‘sw.bPx yc Q.ccbwb•P dy•Pb­PkG

cV3-4C9Hh^8H-Og
:Mb wbkbswdM Qbkdw.ébQ .• PM.k swP.dhb ’sk kfSSywPbQ .• SswP éx s kséésP.dsh àws•P cwyg PMb ms•s7
Q.s• 3yd.sh 3d.b•dbk s•Q vfgs•.P.bk ;bkbswdM myf•d.hG :Mb sfPMyw PMs•Ck 9wycG G 9w.àyà.•d s•Q M.k
dyhhbsàfbk sP PMb 8•.‘bwk.P[ .éwb Qb uwf­bhhbkG ubhà.fg% cyw PMb.w .•kS.wsP.y•% dyggb•Pk% s•Q MbhS% bk7
Sbd.shhx H G eyhQédPbw ’.PMyfP ’Mykb kfààbkP.y•k s•Q gsPMbgsP.dsh .•k.àMPk PM.k swP.dhb ’yfhQ •yP
Ms‘b ébb• Sykk.éhbG

WH1HNH-VHg
uséhyxs•PT H F >ïÉ|NG hRçAmSçAq( f4?,vPmq ,?f çP-A1 B ? P?êERfSmêPR? êR qAç-WREg,?P7,êPR? R - v,êêAE1 tb’ iywCA 4.hbxG
uwb•P 3 F>ïÉJNG dq4mzRçRgPm,ç ,?f qRmP,ç qêESmêSEAq1 v .hhkQshb t lA nwhésfg G
rg y•Q H F>ïÉÉNG -Pê ç, q,?êT( J, Q,k c,ppREê fA çIn?'S3êA t,?êT eSTyAm 6 f [é bdA ey‘bw•g b•P y c 6 f [é bdG
n.kb] l ; F>ïïJNG :y’ swQ s Qx•sg .d dy•dbSP.y• y c sPP.PfQb dy•k.kPb•dx s•Q dMs•àbG • -shhsdMbw ; ; + t y’ sC H
FnQkGNG a4?,vPm q4qêAvq P? qRmP,ç pq4mzRçRg4 F SSG >ïÉ7=>ÉNG 3s• a.bàyA H dsQ bg .d 9wbkkG
Dswébwy’ t F>ï_=NG rPyçPRgE,pz4 R? qSPmPfA ,?f qSPmPfA pEAQA?êPR?( >Éï_7>ï_OG 4 skM.•àPy• a m A a b S P% y c vbshPMG
n Q fdsP.y•% s•Q 4 bhcswbG
Dy’hbw ; m F>ïï=NG 3.bàhbw s•Q m wy ’ hb xLk dy•dbSP.y• y c Qb‘bhySg b•PG BvAEPm,? dq4mzRçRgPqê( :U1 >=<ï7>=JOG
DwbfQ 3 F>ï==NG rA4R?f êzA pçA,qSEA pEP?mPpçA1 y•Qy•A v yàswPM 9wbkkG
e s w s x ; 9 + bcb‘bw ; F>ï_ÉNG H C.•bP.d sSSwysdM Py PMb .g g f•yhyàx y c ds•dbwA 3PsP.y•swx kPsPb SwySbwP.bk y c b ccb d7
Pyw7PswàbP shh wbsdP.y•kG RSE?,ç R - ozAREAêPm,ç rPRçRg41 U)( J>_7J<ÉG
e hs • k Q y cc 9 + 9w.àyà.•b F>ï_>NG ozAEvRf4?,vPmq R - qêESmêSEA( qê,yPçPê4 ,?f -çSmêS,êPR?q1 tb’ iywCA 4.hbxG
e y hQ é dPb w H + m sS hs• 3 ; F>ï_|NG 1 kd.hhsPywx b•TxgbkG B??S,ç cA?Ab R - rPRpz4qPmq ,?f rPRA?gP?AAEP?g( ­(
JJï(J_|G
•MbhQbw u F>ïÉ<NG 1 • àb•bwsP.•à SwydbQfwbk s•Q kPwfdPfw.•à C•y’hbQàbkG • ewyk•bw ; G e wy • bw p w u .kdMy c 4 D
FnQkGNG hAêzRf R - zASEPqêPmq Cpp1 ><>7><ïNG v.hhk.Qb t lA nwhésfg G
yykk e + lykbSM a a F>ïÉONG nçAvA?ê,E4 qê,yPçPê4 êzARE41 tb’ iywCA 3Sw.•àbw7-bwhsàG
o swg .hycc73g .PM H F>ïï<NG ubxy•Q 9.sàbPLk 5bS.kPbg .d kfé,bdPL A •MdhQdwLk g .dwyàb•bP.d kPfQx y c PMb zSkxdMyhyà.dsh
kfé,bdPLG BEmzPQAq fA dq4mzRçRgPA( xF( =J_7=*=G
ofé.b 3 F>ï|_NG p fhP.Shb QbPbwg .•s•Pk y c kf.d.QbG • 3M•b.Qg s• n 3 Fn Q GNG nqq,4q P? qAç-WfAqêESmêPR?1 tb’ iywCA
3d.b•db vyfkbG
bkPbw a F>ïÉ=NG uz4 pARpçA éPçç êzAvqAçQAq1 3Sw.•àc.bhQ A :Myg skG
p sPkfyCs o F>ïÉJNG : M b Qx•sg .d gyQbh y c é.•ydfhsw w.‘shwxG rPRçRgPm,ç i4yAE?AêPmq( JïG =O>7=OÉG
p .kMsws u F>ïÉÉNG 8 •QbwkPs•Q.•à PMb dyg Shb­ Qx•sg .dk y c Mfgs• kPsé.h.Px s•Q dMs•àbG • usCbw 4 lG p yk 9G
; sSSswQ v - w 3Psg l Fn QkGNG cAmA?ê êEA?fq P? êzAREAêPm,ç pq4mzRçRg41 tb’ iywCA 3Sw.•àbw7-bwhsàG
t .d y h.k e F>ïÉïNG 9Mxk.dk y c csw7cwyg 7bBf.h.éw.fg kxkPbgk s•Q kbhc7ywàs•.TsP.y•G • as‘.k 9 FD Q GN ozA ?Ab pz4qPmq
FSSG <>|7<J_NG m sg éw.QàbA msg éw.Qàb 8 •.‘bwk.Px 9wbkkG
t .dyh.k e + 9w.àyà.•b F>ï__NG tAç-WREg,?P7,êPR? P? ?R?A'SPçPyEPSv q4qêAvq1 tb’ iywCA 4.hbxG
t y’ sC H + b’ b•kPb.• p F>ïïJNG ax•sg .d kxkPbgkA H Pyyh cyw kyd.sh SkxdMyhyàxX • -shhsdMbw ; ; + t y’ sC H
Fn QkGNG a4?,v Pm q4qêAvq P? qRmP,ç pq4mzRçRg4 FSSG >_7*<NG 3s• a.bàyA H dsQ bg .d 9wbkkG
9yCyw•x H a F>ïï<NG 3f.d.Qb SwbQ.dP.y• wb‘.k.PbQG tSPmPfA ,?f çP-AWêzEA,êA?P?g yAz,QPRE( O)C NG >7>OG
9wbkkhbx p F>ïï=NG vy’ ?Rê Py kPfQx kPwsPbàxG BvAEPm,? dq4mzRçRgPqê( :k1 >=JO7>=J>G
9w.àyà.•b > F>ï|=NG M?êERfSmêPR? êR ?R?A'SPçPyEPSv êzAEvRf4?,vPmq1 tb’ iywCA 4.hbxG
9w.àyà.•b F>ï_ÉNG :.g b% kPwfdPfwb s•Q chfdPfsP.y•kG tmPA?mA( O0F( ___7_É*G
9w.àyà.•b F>ïÉONG LER?ê yAP?g êR yAmRvP?g1 3s• Dws•d.kdyA Dwbbg s•G
9w.àyà.•b F>ïïJNG sAq çRPq fS mz,Rq1 9sw.kA DsxswQG
9w.àyà.•b + 3Pb•àbwk F>ïÉ<NG EfAE RSê R - mz,Rq1 y•Qy•A vb.•bg s••G
9w.àyà.•b + 3Pb•àbwk F >ïÉÉNG n?êEA çA êAvpq Aê çITêAE?PêT1 9sw.kA DsxswQG
;.bàbh o D F>ï__NG :Mb Q.shbdP.dk y c P.gbG • a sPs• t + ;bbkb v Cnfq121 sP-AWqp,? fAQAçRpvA?ê,ç pq4mzRçRg46 aP,çAmW
êPm,ç pAEqpAmêPQAq R? ADpAEPvA?ê,ç EAqA,Emz1 t b’ iywCA H dsQ bg .d 9wbkkG
144.82.238.225 - 1/11/2018 6:24:46 PM

ax•sg .d p yQbh y c 3f.d.Qb vfgs• ab‘bhySgb•P >ïï|A<ïA>É>(>ïJ >ï<


Downloaded by:
UCL
;.bàbh o F>ï_ïNG LRS?f,êPR?q R - fP,çAmêPm,ç pq4mzRçRg41 tb’ iywCA H dsQ bg .d 9wbkkG
;yébwPky• 3 3G m yMb• H v + p sxbw7owbkk e F>ïï<NG ubMs‘.ywsh dMsykA ubxy•Q PMb g bPsSMywG • 3g.PM u w :Mbhb•
n Fn QkGNG B f4?,vPm q4qêAvq ,ppER,mz êR fAQAçRpvA?ê6 BppçPm,êPR?q FSSG ><7*ONG msg éw.Qàb p H A p : 9wbkkG
3dyPP o bhky l H G a .• à p + 3dME•bw e F>ïï<NG a x•sg .d SsPPbw• cywg sP.y•A H 9w.gbwG • 3g .PM u + :Mbhb• n
Fn QkGNG B f4?,vPm q4qêAvq ,ppER,mz êR fAQAçRpvA?ê6 BppçPm,êPR?q FSSG ><7*ONG m sg é w.Qàb p H A p : 9wbkkG
3M•b.Qg s• n F>ïÉ*NG aA-P?PêPR? R - qSPmPfA1 tb’ iywCA 4.hbxG
3.bàhbw ; 3 + mwy’ hbx o F>ïï>NG : Mb g .dwyàb•bP.d g bPMyQA H Q.wbdP gbs•k cyw kPfQx.•à dyà•.P.‘b Qb‘bhySg b•PG
BvAEPm,? dq4mzRçRgPqê( :0( |O|7|=OG
3.bàhbw ; 3 + m wy’ hbx o F>ïï=NG p .dwyàb•bP.d g bPMyQk wb‘.k.PbQG BvAEPm,? dq4mzRçRgPqê( :U( >=J>7>=J<G
3g.PM u + :Mbhb• u FnQkGN F>ïï<NG B f4?,vPm q4qêAvq ,ppER,mz êR fAQAçRpvA?ê6 BppçPm,êPR?q1 msg é w.Qàb p H A
p : 9wbkkG
tSPmPfA P? i,?,f,6 lpf,êA R - êzA EApREê R - êzA ê,qé -REmA R? qSPmPfA P? i,?,f,1 F>ïïJNG 1 PPs’ sA v bshPM m s• s Q s G m sP
t yG v<ï7>O_R ïï*nG
:Mbhb• n w 3g .PM u F>ïïJNG B f4?,vPm q4qêAvq ,ppER,mz êR êzA fAQAçRpvA?ê R - mRg?PêPR? ,?f ,mêPR?1 msg éw.Qàb
p H A p : 9wbkkG
-shhsdMbw ; ; w t y’ sC H FnQkGN F>ïïJNG a4?,vPm,ç q4qêAvq P? qRmP,ç pq4mzRçRg41 3s• a .bàyA H dsQ bg .d 9wbkkG
-s• Qbw p ssk v 8 + p yhb• ssw 9 m p F>ïï=NG 3Psàb’.kb dyà•.P.‘b Qb‘bhySg b•PA H • sSSh.dsP.y• y c dsPskPwySMb PMb7
ywxG dq4mzRçRgPm,ç cAQPAb1 ïïG <ï*7J>_G
-s• e b bwP 9 F>ïÉ|NG :Mb dy•dbSP y c Qb‘bhySg b•PG • -s• e b bwP 9 Fn Q GN ozARE4 ySPçfP?g P? fAQAçRpvA?ê,ç pq4mzRçW
Rg41 H g kPbwQsg A t ywPM7v y hhs•Q G
-s• e b bwP 9 F>ïï>NG H Qx•sg .d kxkPbgk gyQbh y c dyà•.P.‘b s•Q hs•àfsàb àwy’ PMG dq4mzRçRgPm,ç cAQPAb1 ï|LG <7*<G
-s• e b bwP 9 F>ïïJsNG a4?,v Pm q4qêAvq R - fAQAçRpvA?ê6 iz,?gA yAêbAA? mRvpçADPê4 ,?f mz,Rq1 tb’ iywCA vsw‘bkPbwG
-s• e b bwP 9 F >ïïJéNG -xàyPkC.s• Qx•sg .dk y c Qb‘bhySg b•PG .Sv,? aAQAçRpvA?ê( )U( <J|7<|*G
-bwMsbàMb l m + a b• bf éy fwà l l F>ïÉ<NG n­Sbw.g b•Psh kPfQx s•Q g yQbhh.•à y c cyyQ wbdwf.Pg b•P .• PMb s•P oAêE,vREW
PSv PvpSESv Fv x g G Dywg GNG M?qAmêAq tRmP,SD % )0( <J_7<|OG
4 bw•bw v F>ïJÉNG iRvp,E,êPQA pq4mzRçRg4 R - vA?ê,ç fAQAçRpvA?ê1 tb’ iywCA •Pbw•sP.y•sh 8•.‘bwk.P.bk 9wbkkG
4 bw•bw v F>ï*_NG :Mb dy•dbSP y c Qb‘bhySg b•P cwyg s dyg SswsP.‘b swGQ ywàs• .kg .d Sy.•P y c ‘.b’G • vsww.k a u
F n Q GNG ozA mR?mApê R - fAQAçRpvA?ê Cpp1 >=*7>JÉNG p .••bsSyh.kA 8•.‘bwk.Px y c p .••bkyPs 9wbkkG
4 yMh’.hh l D F>ï_<NG ozA qêSf4 R - yAz,QPRE,ç fAQAçRpvA?ê1 tb’ iywCA H dsQ bg .d 9wbkkG

144.82.238.225 - 1/11/2018 6:24:46 PM

>ïJ vfgs• ab‘bhySgb•P >ïï|A<ïA>É>7>ïJ p .kMsws


Downloaded by:
UCL

You might also like