STEEL TIMBER DESIGN Chapter 3

Compression Members;
- when a load tends to squeeze or shorten a member, the stresses produced are said to be
compressive stresses and the member is called a compression member. There are several types of
compression members, the column being the best known. Among the other types are the top chords
of trusses, bracing members, the compression flanges of rolled beams and built-up beam sections
and the members that are subjected simultaneously to bending and compressive loads.
There are two significant differences between tension and compression members. These are;

- whereas tensile loads tend to hold members straight, compressive loads tend to bend them out of
the plane of the loads.

- the presence rivet or bolt holes in tension members reduces the area available for resisting loads;
but in compression members, the rivets or bolts are assumed to fill the holes and the entire gross
area is available for resisting load.

Design of Compression Members; (NSCP, Sec.505.3.1)

- on the gross section of axially loaded compression members the allowable compressive stress is
given by;

 kL r2 
Fy 1  
 2Cc 2  kL
 
Fa = 3
; if  Cc
 kL   kL  r
3 


 r 

5  r   
  3
3 8Cc 8Cc

12 2E kL
Fa = 2
; if  Cc
 kL  r
23 

 r 

22E
where, Cc =
Fy

where: Fa - allowable compressive stress

L - effective length of member
r - least radius of gyration
E - modulus of elasticity
Fy - specified minimum yield stress of steel
k - buckling factor

Engr.M.Basea 1
STEEL TIMBER DESIGN Chapter 3

Limiting Width-Thickness Ratios (NSCP, Tab. 502-1)

Width- Limiting Width-Thickness Ratios
Description of Element Thickness Compact Non-Compact
Ratio Section Section
Flanges of I-shaped rolled beams and b 170 250

channels in flexure t Fy Fy

Flanges of I-shaped welded beams in b 170 250

flexure t Fy Fy / kc

Outstanding legs of pairs of angles in

continuous contact; angles or plates b 250
t
N.A. Fy
projecting from rolled beams or columns,
stiffeners on plate girders
Angles or plates projecting from girders,
built-up columns or other compression b 250
t
N.A. Fy / kc
members; compression flanges of plate
girders
d 333
Stem of tees t
N.A. Fy

Unstiffened elements simply supported

along one edge, such as legs of single- b 200
angle struts, legs of double-angle struts t
N.A. Fy
with separators and cross or star-shaped
cross sections
Flanges of square and rectangular box and
hollow structural sections of uniform
thickness subject to bending or b 500 625

compression; flange cover plates and t Fy Fy

diaphragm plates between lines of

fasteners or welds
Unsupported width of cover plates b 832
perforated with a succession of access t
N.A. Fy
holes
b
t 664
h
N.A. Fy
All other uniformly compressed stiffened
elements, i.e., supported along two edges tw
h 1995
tw
--- Fy
fa
for  0.16
d Fy
Webs in combined flexural and axial
tw 1680  
compression 1  3.74 fa 
Fy  Fy 
 

Engr.M.Basea 2
STEEL TIMBER DESIGN Chapter 3

for fa
 0.16
Fy
675
Fy

h 1995
tw
--- Fy

Circular hollow sections in axial D 22750

tw Fy ---
compression
Circular hollow sections in flexure D 22750
tw Fy ---

4.05 h
where: kc = 0.46
; if,  70
 h  tw
 
 t 
 w 

h
kc = 1.0 ; if,  70
tw

where: d - depth of section or length of the longer leg of an angle

bf - flange width of the rolled section
tf - flange thickness
tw - web thickness
fa - computed axial compressive stress
Fy - specified minimum yield stress of steel

Local Buckling; (NSCP, Sec.502.6)

- in addition to becoming unstable in an overall sense, a compression member can also fail by
localized buckling or wrinkling at an isolated location. If this takes place, the cross-section is no
longer effective, and the member must be considered to have failed. I- and H-shaped cross-sections
with thin flanges or webs are susceptible to this phenomenon and their use should be avoided when
possible.

- Classification of Steel Sections; (NSCP, Sec.502.6.1)

- steel sections are classified as compact, non-compact and slender element sections.

 for a section to qualify as a compact, its flanges must be continuously connected to the web
or webs and the width-thickness ratios of its compression elements must not exceed the
applicable limiting width-thickness ratios from Table 502-1.

 steel sections that do not qualify as compact are classified as non-compact if the width-
thickness ratios of the compression elements do not exceed the values shown for non-compact
in Table 502-1.

Engr.M.Basea 3
STEEL TIMBER DESIGN Chapter 3

 if the width-thickness ratios of any compression element exceed the latter applicable value,
the section is classified as a slender element section.

 for unstiffened elements, which are supported along only one edge, parallel to the direction
of the compression force, the following dimensions shall be taken as follows;

 for flanges of I-shaped members and tees, the width is half the full nominal width

 for stems of tees, the depth is taken as the full nominal depth

 for legs of angles and flanges of channels and zees, the width is the full nominal
dimension

 for plates, the width is the distance from the free edge to the first row of fasteners to the
line of welds
 for stiffened elements, i.e., supported along two edges parallel to the direction of the
compression force, the following dimensions shall be taken as follows;

 for webs of rolled, built-up or formed sections, the height is clear distance between
flanges

 for webs of rolled, built-up or formed sections, the depth is the full nominal depth

 for webs of rolled, built-up or formed sections, the depth is the full nominal depth

 for flange or diaphragm plates in built-up sections, the width is the distance between
adjacent lines of fasteners or lines of welds

 for flanges of rectangular hollow structural sections, the width is the clear distance
between the web less the inside corner radius on each side. If the corner radius is not
known, the flat width may be taken as the total section width minus three times the
thickness.

Slenderness Ratio; (NSCP, Sec.502.8.1)

- for members whose design is based on compressive force, the slenderness ratio preferably
should not exceed;

kL
 200
r
General Stability; (NSCP, Sec.503.2.1)
- general stability shall be provided for the structure as a whole and for each compression element.
Design considerations should be given to significant load effects resulting from the deflected shape
of the structure or of individual elements of the lateral load resisting system, including the effects on
beams, columns, bracing, connections and shear walls.

Engr.M.Basea 4
STEEL TIMBER DESIGN Chapter 3
Braced Frames; (NSCP, Sec.503.3.1)
- in trusses and in those frames where lateral stability is provided by adequate attachment to diagonal
bracing, to shear walls, to an adjacent structure having adequate lateral stability or to floor slabs or
roof decks secured horizontally by walls or bracing systems parallel to the plane of the frame, the
effective length factor, k, for the compression members shall be taken as unity, unless analysis
shows that a smaller value may be used.

Unbraced Frames; (NSCP, Sec.503.3.2)

- in trusses where lateral stability is dependent upon the bending stiffness of rigidity connected
beams and columns, the effective slenderness ratio of compression members shall be determined by
a rational method and shall not be less than the actual unbraced length.

Engr.M.Basea 5
STEEL TIMBER DESIGN Chapter 3
EX. Design a W10 section for a column supporting a concentric load of 1000 kN with a length of 5.0
m. Use A36 steel and assume k = 1.0 E = 200 GPa

22E
Cc =
Fy

22(200000)
= = 126.17
248

kL kL
assume, = 100, and since,  Cc
r r

 kL r2 
Fy 1  
 2Cc 2 
 
Fa = 3
 kL   kL 
3 


 r 

5  r   
 
3 8Cc 8Cc3

 (100)2 
(248)1  
 (2)(126.17) 
2

= = 89.45 MPa
5 (3)(100) (100)3
 
3 (8)(126.17) (8)(126.17)3

P
A reqd =
Fa

1000 x 103
= = 11179.43 mm 2
89.45

try, W10 x 60; A = 11355.0 mm 2

rx = 111.80 mm
ry = 65.21 mm

kL (1.0)(5000)
= = 76.68
r 65.21

kL
since,  Cc ,
r

Engr.M.Basea 6
STEEL TIMBER DESIGN Chapter 3
 (76.68)2 
(248)1  
 (2)(126. 17)2 
 
Fa = = 108.33 MPa
5 (3)(76.68) (76.68)3
 
3 (8)(126.17) (8)(126.17)3

Pcap = Fa A

(108.33)(11355)
= = 1230.09 kN
1000

since, Pcap  Pact  section is adequate

Pact
fa =
A

1000 x 103
= = 88.07 MPa
11355

since, fa < Fa  section is adequate

 use, W10 x 60

Engr.M.Basea 7
STEEL TIMBER DESIGN Chapter 3
EX. Determine the critical load for a pin-connected column if it is 8.0 m long. Use A36 steel and E =
200 GPa. K = 1.0.
C10 x 15.3
Properties of W8 x 10;
yt

Ix = 12820 x 103 mm4 A = 1910 mm 2 yb W8 x 10

Iy = 870 x 103 mm4 d = 200.4 mm

Properties of C10 x 15.3;

A = 2897 mm 2 tw = 6.1 mm
Ix = 28054 x 103 mm4 Iy = 949 x 103 mm4
x = 16.1 mm

At = 1910 + 2897 = 4807.0 mm 2

(2897)(16.1)  (1910)(106.3)
yt = = 51.94 mm
4807

yb = 200.4 + 6.1 – 51.94 = 154.56 mm

 bh3 
Ix =   Ad 2 
 12 
 

= 12820 x 103 + 1910(54.36) 2 + 949 x 103 + 2897(35.84) 2

= 2.31 x 107 mm4

 bh3 
Iy =   Ad 2 
 12 
 

= 870 x 103 + 28054 x 103 = 2.89 x 107 mm4

I
r =
A

2.31 x 107
= = 69.37 mm
4807

KL (1.0)(8000)
= = 115.32
r 69.37

Engr.M.Basea 8
STEEL TIMBER DESIGN Chapter 3

22E
Cc =
Fy

22(200 x 103)
= = 126.17
248

kL
since,  Cc ,
r

 kL r2 
Fy 1  
 2Cc 2 
 
Fa = 3
 kL   kL 
3 


 r 

5  r   
  3
3 8Cc 8Cc

 (115.32)2 
(248)1 
 (2)(126.17)2 
=  = 76.63 MPa
5 (3)(115.32) (126.17)3
 
3 (8)(126.17) (8)(126.17)3

Pcap = Fa A

(76.63)(4807)
= = 368.36 kN
1000

Engr.M.Basea 9
STEEL TIMBER DESIGN Chapter 3
EX. Determine the axial load capacity of the column shown. Use A36 steel.

Properties of L100 x 100 x10; L100 x 100 x 10

300 mm

4.0 m
A = 1915.45 mm 2 PL300 x 20

Ix = 1766.8 x 103 mm4

Iy = 1766.8 x 103 mm4 x = 28.22 mm

At = 4(1915.45) + 300(20) = 13661.8 mm 2

 bh3 
Ix =   Ad 2 
 12 
 

(20)(300)2
= + 4[1766.8 x 103 + 1915.45(150 – 28.22) 2 ]
12

= 1.66 x 108 mm4

 bh3 
Iy =   Ad 2 
 12 
 

(300)(20)2
= + 4[1766.8 x 103 + 1915.45(38.22) 2 ]
12

= 1.85 x 107 mm4

I
r =
A

1.85 x 107
= = 36.76 mm
13661.8

kL (0.65)(4000)
= = 70.73
r 36.76

2 2E
Cc =
Fy

22(200000)
= = 126.17
248

Engr.M.Basea 10
STEEL TIMBER DESIGN Chapter 3
kL
since,  Cc ,
r

 kL r2 
Fy 1  
 2Cc 2 
 
Fa = 3
 kL   kL 
3 


 r 

5  r   
  3
3 8Cc 8Cc
 (70.733)2 
(248)1 
 (2)(126.17)2 

= = 112.69 MPa
5 (3)(70.733) (70.733)3
 
3 (8)(126.17) (8)(126.17)3

Pcap = A Fa

(13661.8)(112.69)
= = 1539.55 kN
1000

Engr.M.Basea 11
STEEL TIMBER DESIGN Chapter 3
EX. Select a W12 section for a column carrying an axial load of 1200 kN, which serves as a main
member in an industrial plant. The column has a total height of 6.50 m. Use A572 Grade 50 steel and
assume k = 0.8.

P
A reqd =
0.5Fy

1200 x 103
= = 6956.52 mm 2
(0.5)(345)

try, W12 x 53;

A = 10064 mm 2 d = 306.3 mm
tw = 8.8 mm bf = 253.9 mm
tf = 14.6 mm ry = 62.95 mm

kL (0.80)(6500)
= = 82.61
r 62.95

22E
Cc =
Fy

22(200000)
= = 106.97
345

kL
since,  Cc ,
r

 kL r2 
Fy 1  
 2Cc 2 
 
Fa = 3
 kL   kL 
3 


 r 

5  r   
 
3 8Cc 8Cc3

 (82.61)2 
(345)1  
 (2)(106 .97 )2 
 
= = 127.53 MPa
5 (3)(82.61) (82.61)3
 
3 (8)(106.97) (8)(106.97)3

Pcap = A Fa

Engr.M.Basea 12
STEEL TIMBER DESIGN Chapter 3
(10064)(127.53)
= = 1283.46 kN
1000

since, Pcap > Pact  section is adequate

bf 253.9
= = 8.70
2tf (2)(14.6)

170 170
= = 9.15
Fy 345

Pact
fa =
A

1200 x 103
= = 119.24 MPa
10064

fa 119.24
= = 0.35
Fy 345

fa
since,  0.16,
Fy

d 306.3
= = 34.81
tw 8.8

675 675
= = 36.34
Fy 345

bf 170 d 675
since,  and  ,
2tf Fy tw Fy

 section is compact

 use, W12 x 53

Engr.M.Basea 13
STEEL TIMBER DESIGN Chapter 3
EX. Determine the allowable service load, P, for the W14 x 74 column serving as a compression
member having an effective length of 6.20 m. Assume k = 1.0 and use A36 steel.

Properties of W14 x 74;

A = 14064 mm 2 d = 259.9 mm
tw = 11.4 mm bf = 255.8 mm
tf = 19.9 mm ry = 62.97 mm

kL (1.0)(6200)
= = 98.46
r 62.97

22E
Cc =
Fy

22(200000)
= = 126.17
248

kL
since,  Cc ,
r

 kL r2 
Fy 1  
 2Cc 2 
 
Fa = 3
 kL   kL 
3 


 r 

5  r   
 
3 8Cc 8Cc3

 (98.46)2 
(248)1  
 (2)(126.17)2 

= = 90.79 MPa
5 (3)(98.46) (98.46)3
 
3 (8)(126.17) (8)(126.17)3

Pcap = A Fa

(14064)(90.79)
= = 1276.87 kN
1000

bf 255.8
= = 6.43
2tf (2)(19.9)

Engr.M.Basea 14
STEEL TIMBER DESIGN Chapter 3
170 170
= = 10.80
Fy 248

P
fa =
A

1276.87 x 103
= = 90.79 MPa
14064

fa 90.79
= = 0.37
Fy 248

fa
since,  0.16,
Fy

d 359.9
= = 31.57
tw 11.4

675 675
= = 42.86
Fy 248

bf 170 d 675
since,  and  ,
2tf Fy tw Fy

 section is ok

Engr.M.Basea 15
STEEL TIMBER DESIGN Chapter 3
EX. An axially loaded column has its weak axis braced at the thirds points with an axial load of 2800
kN and a length of 8.40 m. Using A36 steel and assuming k = 1.0, select a W shape which will carry
the given load.

P
A reqd =
0.5Fy

2800 x 103
= = 22580.65 mm 2
(0.5)(248)

try, W18 x 119;

A = 22645 mm 2 d = 481.8 mm
tw = 16.6 mm bf = 286.1 mm
tf = 26.9 mm rx = 200.63 mm
ry = 68.19 mm

kLx (1.0)(8400)
= = 41.87
rx 200.63

kLy (1.0)(2800)
= = 41.06
ry 68.19
kLx
 use, = 41.87
rx

22E
Cc =
Fy

22(200000)
= = 126.17
248

kL
since,  Cc ,
r

 kL r2 
Fy 1  
 2Cc 2 
 
Fa = 3
 kL   kL 
3 


 r 

5  r   
 
3 8Cc 8Cc3

Engr.M.Basea 16
STEEL TIMBER DESIGN Chapter 3
 (41.87)2 
(248)1  
 (2)(126 .17 )2 
=   = 131.17 MPa
5 (3)(41.87) (41.87)3
 
3 (8)(126.17) (8)(126.17)3

Pcap = A Fa

(22645)(131.17)
= = 2970.34 kN
1000

since, Pcap  Pact  ok

bf 286.1
= = 5.32
2tf (2)(26.9)

170 170
= = 10.80
Fy 248

Pact
fa =
A

2800 x 103
= = 123.65 MPa
22645

fa 123.65
= = 0.50
Fy 248

fa
since,  0.16,
Fy

d 481.8
= = 29.02
tw 16.6

675 675
= = 42.86
Fy 248

bf 170 d 675
since,  and  ,
2tf Fy tw Fy

 section is compact

 use, W18 x 119

Engr.M.Basea 17
STEEL TIMBER DESIGN Chapter 3
Tie Plates and Lacing; (NSCP, Sec.505.5.8)

- lacing shall be spaced so that the slenderness ratio of the flange included between their connections
shall not exceed 75% the governing ratio for the member as a whole.

- lacing shall be proportioned to resist a shearing stress normal to the axis of the member equal to
2% of the total compressive stress in the member.

- double lacing bars shall be joined at their intersection.

- the slenderness ratio for lacing bars arranged in a single system shall not exceed 140 and for double
lacing, the ratio shall not exceed 200.

- lacing bars in compression may be treated as secondary members, with the length, being taken as
the unsupported length of the lacing bar between fasteners or welds connecting it to the components
of the built-up member for single lacing and 70% of that distance for double lacing.

- the inclination of lacing bars to the axis of the member shall preferably be not less than 60o for
single lacing and 45o for double lacing.

- when the distance between the lines of fasteners or welds in the flanges is more than 400 mm, the
lacing shall be preferably be double or be made of angles.

Engr.M.Basea 18
STEEL TIMBER DESIGN Chapter 3
EX. Select a pair of channels for the column and load shown. Use A36 steel. Design also the lacing.
Assume k = 0.65

P
A reqd =
0.5Fy
1250 x 103
= = 100080.65 mm 2
(0.50)(248)
1250 kN

600

9.20 m
L
P

300 mm
210 mm

try, 2-C12 x 30;

A = 5690 mm 2 x = 17.12 mm
Ix = 67.43 x 106 mm 3 Iy = 2.14 x 106 mm 3

 bh3 
Ix =   Ad 2 
 12 
 

= 2(67.43 x 10 6 ) = 1.35 x 108 mm 3

 bh3 
Iy =   Ad 2 
 12 
 

= 2[2.14 x 10 6 + 5690(150 – 17.12) 2 ] = 2.05 x 108 mm 3

I
r =
A

1.35 x 108
= = 108.92 mm
(2)(5690)

kL (0.65)(9200)
= = 54.90
r 108.92

Engr.M.Basea 19
STEEL TIMBER DESIGN Chapter 3

22E
Cc =
Fy

22(200000)
= = 126.17
248

kL
since, < Cc ,
r

 kL r2 
Fy 1  
 2Cc 2 
 
Fa = 3
 kL   kL 
3 


 r 

5  r   
  3
3 8Cc 8Cc

 (54.90)2 
(248)1  
 (2)(126 .17 )2 
=   = 123.40 MPa
5 (3)(54.90) (54.90)3
 
3 (8)(126.17) (8)(126.17)3

Pcap = A Fa

(123.40)(2)(5690)
= = 1404.29 kN
1000

since, Pcap  Pact  ok

since the distance between the bolts is 210 mm, which is lesser than 400 mm, single
lacing will be sufficient.

210
L = = 242.49 mm
cos 30o

2.14 x 106
r = = 19.39 mm
5690

L 242.49
= = 12.51
r 19.39

L 0.75kL
since,  ,  ok
r r

Engr.M.Basea 20
STEEL TIMBER DESIGN Chapter 3

V = 0.02(1250) = 25.0 kN

F = 0.50(25) = 12.5 kN

242.487
C = (12.5) = 14.43 kN
210

select a flat bar for lacing,

A = bt

 bh3 
I =   Ad 2 
 12 
 
bt3
=
12

bt3
r = = 0.289t
12bt

L
for single lacing, max. = 140
r

242.49
140 = ; t = 5.99 mm
0.289t

try, a 6.5-mm flat bar,

L 242.49
= = 128.98
r (0.289)(6.5)

L
since,  Cc ,
r

12 2E
Fa = 2
 kL 
23 

 r 

122(200000)
= = 61.91 MPa
(23)(128.98)2

P
A reqd =
Fa

Engr.M.Basea 21
STEEL TIMBER DESIGN Chapter 3

14.43 x 103
= = 233.20 mm 2
61.89

233.20
width = = 35.88 mm
6.5

 use, 40-mm x 6.5-mm flat bar

Engr.M.Basea 22
STEEL TIMBER DESIGN Chapter 3
Column Base Plates (Concentrically Loaded);
- columns are usually supported on concrete supports such as footings or piers. Since the steel of the
column is a higher-strength material than concrete, the column load must be spread out over the
support. This is accomplished by the use of a rolled-steel base plate, which are either square or
rectangular in shape. They must be large enough to keep the actual bearing pressure under the plate
below an allowable bearing pressure.

bf
P

m
0.95d
d

N
m
n n

0.8bf
B

- for plate covering full area of concrete support;

Fp = 0.35 fc'

- for plate covering less than the full area of concrete support;

A2
Fp = 0.35 fc'  0.70 fc'
A1

 = 0.5(0.95d – 0.80 bf )

N = A1(reqd) +

A 1(reqd)
B =
N

N  0.95d
m =
2

B  0.80bf
n =
2

fp
tp = 2m
Fy

Engr.M.Basea 23
STEEL TIMBER DESIGN Chapter 3
fp
or, tp = 2n
Fy

Fb = 0.75 Fy

- for small plates that are more heavily loaded;

fp
tp = 2n'
Fy

dbf
n' =
4

(2)(1  1 q )
 =  1.0
q

4fpdbf
q =  1.0
(d  bf)2Fp

 if   1.0 or q  0.64, the design for lightly loaded

base plate governs

 if q  0.64,  = 1.0

fp
tp = 2(n')
Fy

fp
or, tp = 2c
Fy

where: P - total column load

A1 - area of steel bearing plate on a concrete support
A2 - total cross-sectional area of a concrete support
m,n - length of cantilever from critical plane of bending
d - depth of column section
bf - flange width of column section
Fp - allowable bearing pressure on concrete support
Fb - allowable bending stress at the plate
fc' - compressive strength of concrete
tp - thickness of the plate
 ,q - numerical coefficient

Engr.M.Basea 24
STEEL TIMBER DESIGN Chapter 3
c - largest value between m, n or n'

EX. Design a rectangular base plate for a W14 x 74 column, which will carry an axial load of 1500 kN.
Assume that the base plate will cover the full area of the concrete pier. Use A36 steel.
Given: fc' = 20.7 MPa

Properties of W14 x 74; A = 14064 mm 2

d = 359.9 mm
bf = 255.8 mm

Fc = 0.35 fc'

= 0.35(20.7) = 7.25 MPa

P
A1(reqd) =
Fp

1500 x 103
= = 207039.34 mm 2
7.245

 = 0.5(0.95d – 0.80 bf )

= 0.5[0.95(359.9) – 0.80(255.8)] = 68.63 mm

N = A1(reqd) +

= 207039.34 + 68.633 = 523.65 mm

A 1(reqd)
B =
N

207039.34
= = 395.38 mm
523.649

try, N = 550 mm, B = 400 mm

A prov = BN

= (400)(550) = 220000.0 mm 2

P
fp =
A prov

Engr.M.Basea 25
STEEL TIMBER DESIGN Chapter 3

1500 x 103
= = 6.82 MPa
(550)(400)

since, fp  Fp ,  section is ok

N  0.95d
m =
2

550  (0.95)(359.9)
= = 104.05 mm
2

B  0.80bf
n =
2

400  (0.80)(255.8)
= = 98.68 mm
2

dbf
n' =
4

(359.9)(255.8)
= = 75.85 mm
4

4fpdbf
q =
(d  bf)2Fp

(4)(6.82)(359.9)(255.8)
= = 0.91
(359.9  255.8)2(7.245)

since, q  0.64,   = 1.0

n' = (1.0)(75.85) = 75.85 mm

fp
tp = 2c
Fy

6.82
= (2)(104.05) = 34.51 mm
248

use, 550-mm x 400-mm x 40-mm base plate

Engr.M.Basea 26
STEEL TIMBER DESIGN Chapter 3
EX. An axially loaded W10 x 60 column is supported on a 25-mm thick base plate having B = 330 mm
and N = 380 mm. The concrete pedestal on which the plate is set is a 460-mm square. All steel is A36.
Find the maximum allowable axial load that the base plate can support.
Given: fc' = 24.2 MPa

Properties of W10 x 60; A = 11355 mm 2

d = 259.6 mm
bf = 256.0 mm

A2 (460)(460)
= = 1.30
A1 (330)(380)

A2
since,  2.0,  ok
A1

A2
Fp = 0.35 fc'
A1

= (0.35)(24.2)(1.30) = 11.00 MPa

Fp = 0.70 fc'

= 0.70(24.2) = 16.94 MPa

since, Fp  0.70 fc' ,  ok

N  0.95d
m =
2

380  (0.95)(259.6)
= = 66.69 mm
2

B  0.80bf
n =
2

330  (0.80)(256.0)
= = 62.60 mm
2

dbf
n' =
4

(259.6)(256.0)
= = 64.45 mm
4

Engr.M.Basea 27
STEEL TIMBER DESIGN Chapter 3
fp
tp = 2c
Fy

2
 25 
fp = (248)  
 = 8.71 MPa
 (2)(66.69) 

since, fp  Fp ,  ok

Pcap = Afp

(330)(380)(8.71)
= = 1092.61 kN
1000

Engr.M.Basea 28
STEEL TIMBER DESIGN Chapter 3
EX. Design a base plate for a W12 x 65 column carrying a load of 2000 kn. Assume a footing size of
2750 mm x 2750 mm. Use A36 steel.
Given: fc' = 20.7 MPa

Properties of W12 x 65; A = 12323 mm 2

d = 307.8 mm
bf = 304.8 mm

A2
assume, = 2.0,
A1

A2
Fp = 0.35 fc'
A1

= 0.35(20.7) 2 = 10.25 MPa

P
A1(reqd) =
Fp

2000 x 103
= = 195198.13 mm 2
10.25

 = 0.5(0.95d – 0.80 bf )

= 0.5[0.95(307.8) – 0.80(304.8)] = 24.29 mm

N = A1(reqd) +

= 195198.13 + 24.285 = 466.10 mm

A 1(reqd)
B =
N

195198.13
= = 418.79 mm
466.10

try, B = 450 mm, N = 450 mm

A1(prov) = BN

= (450)(450) = 202500.0 mm 2

since, A1(prov)  A1(reqd)  section is ok

Engr.M.Basea 29
STEEL TIMBER DESIGN Chapter 3

P
fp =
A1(prov)

2000 x 103
= = 9.88 MPa
(450)(450)

N  0.95d
m =
2

450  (0.95)(307.8)
= = 78.80 mm
2
B  0.80bf
n =
2

450  (0.80)(304.8)
= = 103.08 mm
2

dbf
n' =
4

(307.8)(304.8)
= = 76.57 mm
4

4fpdbf
q =
(d  bf)2Fp

(4)(9.877)(307.8)(304.8)
= = 0.96
(307.8  304.8)2(10.246)

since, q  0.64,   = 1.0

n' = (1.0)(76.57) = 76.57 mm

fp
tp = 2c
Fy

9.88
= 2(103.08) = 41.14 mm
248

 use, 450-mm x 450-mm x 45-mm base plate

Engr.M.Basea 30
STEEL TIMBER DESIGN Chapter 3

Engr.M.Basea 31