Stages in microteaching

In microteaching, normally student teachers are taken through five stages namely: set
induction, presentation, practice, production and closure. Set inductions in a lesson are a variety
of different techniques used at the beginning of a lesson in effort to pique interest or prepare
learners for learning (Oman, 2002). Teacher trainee will try to grab students’ attention while
introducing a new topic in this stage. According to Bruner (1960), the best way to create interest
in a subject is to render it worth knowing, which means to make the knowledge gained usable in
one’s thinking beyond the situation in which it has occurred. Therefore, teachers have to guide
the students to relate the topic of the day by motivating and engaging them in the lesson.

Teacher will introduce new information in presentation stages. The teacher will guide the
presentation, but there may be student input or interaction. The teacher trainee should be able
to rightly explain the concept by simple, relevant, and interesting examples to increase learners’
understanding. A variety of techniques like using flashcards, wall charts and pocket charts can
be used. Simple and short sentences should be used to ensure the students can understand the
lesson.

Students will get involved in the practice stage. In order to let the students use the
material the teacher presented in context, teacher should provide some activities or exercises
for students. Teacher can conduct the exercises or activities in different mode like individual,
pairs and groups. The teacher's role in this part of the lesson is to manage students and
encourage them to use the new language. (Davis, 2017) For instance, a short role-play, games,
fill-in-the-blanks, guided dialogue, information gaps, and problem-solving activities can be used
in this stage. The practice should focus on oral, reading and written skills. In short, teacher
should retain the students’ interest and understanding by giving exercises or activities.

After practice stage, teacher will proceed to production stage. This is the part of the
lesson which enables the teacher and learners to assess how well they have grasped the
lesson. It gives students the chance to use their newly learned material freely and openly. The
example of production activities are games, class discussions and communication activities.
Participation of each students can be increased as they can gather to solve a solution to a
problem. In the end, the student should be able to achieve the goal's lesson: to express an
understanding of language by using the new material in context, with minimal, if any, teacher
interference.
 Last but not least, closure is the last stage which consumes only three to five minutes.
Closure is the activity that ends a lesson and creates a lasting impression. (Finley, 2015) In this
stage, teacher can check for understanding, inform subsequent instruction and emphasize key
information. The students will be able to summarise, review, and demonstrate their
understanding of the lesson.

On 5th and 6th of April, my group conducted two languages art and one grammar lessons.
Three of us taught presentation stage for each lesson. During presentation stage, we have used
different kinds of teaching aids and techniques to teach the students. For example, Law has
used powerpoint slides and decorated bottle to teach and attract the students’ attention while
Tan had plan B when the speaker was not functioning whereas Voon has weather wheel to
teach the pupils.
Reference

Oman, M. D. (2002). Student Perceptions Of Set Inductions In Technology Education.

Unpublished Master’s thesis. University of Wisconsin – Stout, WI.

Bruner, J. (1960). The Process of Education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Remesh, A. (2013). Microteaching, An Efficient Technique For Learning Effective Teaching.
Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3724377/

Davis, J. (2017). Teaching ESL: Creating a Lesson Plan in 4 Steps. Retrieved from
https://owlcation.com/academia/Lesson-Planning-for-ESL-Students

Global English. (n.d.). Lesson Planning and Staging. Retrieved from https://www.global-
english.com/custom/courses/pdf/sample_d_lesson_planning_and_staging-1.pdf