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I. What is Insulation? C. Flexible blankets.

Insulations are defined as those materials or D. Cements (insulating and finishing).

combinations of materials which E. Foams.

____________________ by performing one or more of IV. Properties of Insulation

the following functions: A. Electrical Properties

A. Conserve energy by reducing heat loss or gain. 1. Insulation Resistance - The resistance

B. Control surface temperatures for personnel offered to the flow of __________________

protection and comfort. through the material.

C. Facilitate _______________ control of process. a. Volume insulation resistance - The

D. Prevent vapour flow and water condensation on resistance offered to current Iv which

cold surfaces. flows through the material.

E. Increase operating efficiency of b. Surface insulation resistance - The

heating/ventilating/cooling, plumbing, steam, resistance offered to current which

process and power systems found in flows over the surface of the insulating

commercial and industrial installations. material.

F. ____________________ damage to equipment 2. Dielectric Strength - is the minimum voltage

from exposure to fire or corrosive atmospheres. which when applied to an

G. Assist mechanical systems in meeting criteria in _________________________ will result in

food and cosmetic plants. the destruction of its insulating properties.

H. Reduce emissions of pollutants to the 3. Dielectric Constant - The ratio of capacity of

atmosphere. storing the _______________________ by

II. Types of Insulation an insulating material to that of air.

4. Dielectric Loss - Electrical energy absorbed
A. ______________ - composed of small diameter
by the insulating material and dissipated in
fibers which finely divide the air space.
the _________________________ when an
B. ______________ - composed of small individual
alternating voltage is applied across it.
cells separated from each other.
B. Thermal Properties
C. ______________ - composed of small nodules
1. Temperature limits
which may contain voids or hollow spaces.
2. Thermal conductance "C”
III. Forms of Insulation
3. Thermal conductivity "K"
A. Rigid boards, blocks, sheets, and pre-formed
4. Emissivity "E”
shapes such as pipe insulation, curved
5. Thermal resistance "R"
segments, lagging etc.
6. Thermal transmittance "U"
B. Flexible sheets and pre-formed shapes.

1. Alkalinity (pH) or acidity
2. Appearance
3. Breaking load
4. Capillarity
5. Chemical reaction
6. Chemical resistance
7. Coefficient of expansion and contraction
8. Combustibility
9. Compressive strength
V. Major Insulation Materials
A. _____________________- is composed
principally of hydrous calcium silicate
which usually contains reinforcing
fibers; it is available in molded and rigid
forms.
B. ___________________
1. Glass - Available as flexible blanket,
rigid board, pipe covering and other
pre-molded shapes.
2. Rock and Slag - are bonded together
with a heat resistant binder to
produce mineral fiber or wool.
C. ___________________ - Available in
board and block form capable of being
fabricated into pipe covering and
various shapes.
D. ____________________ - a
shrinkage coefficient and is corrosion
resistant; non-combustible, it is used in
high and intermediate temperature
ranges.
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C. Mechanical & Chemical Properties
10. Density
11. Dimensional stability
12. Fire retardancy
13. Resistance to ultraviolet light
14. Resistance to fungal or bacterial growth
15. Shrinkage
16. Sound absorption coefficient
17. Sound transmission loss value
18. Toxicity
E. _________________ - Foamed resins
combined with elastomers to produce a
flexible cellular material.
F. __________________ - are light weight
with excellent cutting characteristics.
G. _________________ - are mineral or
ceramic fibers, including alumina and
silica, bonded with extremely high
temperature inorganic binders, or a
mechanical interlocking of fibers
eliminates the need for any binder.
H. __________________ - are a mixture of
various insulating fibers and binders
with water and cement, to form a soft
plastic mass for application on irregular
surfaces.
VI. Protective Coverings & Finishes - The
low efficiency and service of insulation is
directly dependent upon its protection from
moisture entry and mechanical and
chemical damage.

Six Functional Types
A. Weather Retarders - is to prevent the
entry of _______________________
or atmospheric residue into the
insulation.
B. Vapour Retarders - are designed to
_____________________ the passage
of moisture vapour from one side of
its surface to the other.
1. Rigid jacketing
2. Membrane
3. Mastic applications
C. Mechanical Abuse Coverings
D. Corrosion and Fire Resistant Coverings
1. Corrosion protection - can be
applied to the insulation by the
use of _____________ materials.
2. Fire resistance - can be applied to
____________ systems by the use
of jacketing and/or mastics.
E. Appearance Coverings and Finishes
F. Hygienic Coverings
VII. Insulation Strategies
Critical guidelines for installing any
insulating material are:
A. Seal all ________________ between
conditioned and unconditioned areas;
B. Obtain complete ______________ of
the insulation;
C. Minimize _______________ through
the material;
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D. Avoid __________________ insulation
to less than its rated thickness;
E. Avoid _________________ (installing
too much air) in loose-fill products
F. Avoid ______________ bridging.
VIII. Foundation Insulation
While insulating the interior of a foundation
eliminates some of these difficulties, it
presents its own unique problems. These
problems include:
A. Preventing air from reaching the
_______________ foundation wall,
causing condensation;
B. Ensuring that the insulation meets
______________
C. Determining how it can be _______.
IX. Slab-On-Grade Insulation
A. ______________________
1. While slab insulation reduces
energy bills, care must be taken
because termites can burrow
undetected through slab insulation
to gain access to the wood framing
above.
B. ______________________
1. Create good drainage
2. Remove organic matter
3. Direct moisture away from the
home
4. Provide continuous termite shields
5. Treat soil