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Characteristic features of benign

tumors
• Slow growing
Benign Tumors • Well differentiated
• Remain localized
Histology
•Infrequent mitoses
•Little cytological variation

Tumor - an abnormal mass of Characteristic features of

tissue whose growth exceeds and malignant tumors
is uncoordinated with that of • Fast growing
surrounding tissues. • Poorly differentiated
• Spread
Abnormal growth continues after the • Metastasize (distant metastases via blood,
stimulation which initiated it has lymphatic or body cavities)
ceased •High mitotic rate
•Nuclear and cellular pleomorphism
•Abnormal mitoses

Characteristic features of locally

Benign tumors
invasive tumors
• Slow or faster grow (benign type) • Fibroma
• invasion into surrounding tissues. • Pyogenic granuloma
Example: • Papiloma
ameloblastoma • Peripherial giant cell granuloma
basal cell carcinoma („rodent ulcer”) • Epulis
• Lipoma
• Odontoma
• Cementoma

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Fibroma
• A benign tumor Fibroma
consisting of fibrous
connective tissues
• Typical localization:
– tongue,
– lip,
• Asymptomatic, pale, firm, – cheek,
slow growing in form of
dense sparsely cellular tumor “mirors” places in
fibrous connective tissue oral cavity where
resulting from low excessive trauma
intensity, prolonged during biting can be
observed
chronic irritation.

Fibroma Treatment
• Treatment: • Lenticular incision
– removal of the irritant

– surgical removal of the

lesion –exsional biopsy

Fibroma excision by means of Pyogenic granuloma

laser • An exuberant
proliferation of
granulation tissue as an
exaggerated response to
irritation.

• Asymptomatic Red,
delicate tissue lesion
with tendency to
bleeding when
traumatized
Typical localization: interdental papillae, lip, cheek

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Pyogenic granuloma Pyogenic granuloma

• No pus ! • Treatment
• Not a granulomatic – removal of the irritant
tissue (histopathology- – Surgical removal of the
reactive inflammatory lesion
process) – Gingival lesions:
• When multiple • Excision + scaling of
adjacent teeth
traumatization
occurred vascular,
focally ulcerated parts
can be seen

Squamous papilloma
Treatment
• Squamous papilloma is a
benign tumor of squamous
epithelium.

• In response to irritation.

• Pedunculated papillary
growth from the mucosal
surface

• Cauliflower-like surface

Papilloma
Papilloma
• Broad base and a
fairly smooth surface
forms of tumor can be
observed in rare cases
• Remain benign.
• In some cases
papilloma virus has
been demonstrated in
region of tumor

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Inflammatory Papillary Giant cell granuloma

Hyperplasia • Lesions is composed of giant
cells, fibroblasts and
• Bubble-like configuration of endothelial cells
the mucosa over the hard • Two forms cental and
palate. periphelial
• Tissues are erythematous, • Pale or red , asymptomatic
edematous, with some dense localized in atatched gingiva
region
fibrous connective tissue
• Sometimes rapid expantion
• Condition associated with a with swelling and pain
poorly fitting denture - poor
adaptation to the mucosa • May loose and/or displace
allowing tissue to fill the teeth.
space possibly as a result of a
suction effect.

Peripherial giant cell granuloma Peripherial giant cell granuloma

• Clinically, may
resemble pyogenic
granuloma or they
may be quite vascular
and closely resemble
pyogenic granuloma.
• Hemorrhagic
appearance
• Superficial erosion to
bone

Lipoma Lipoma
• Soft broad based swelling
occurring in the buccal • Treatment
mucosa.
– Surgical removal
• yellowish appearance or
similar to the normal
mucosa

• Soft , fluctuant to palpation

• Slow-growing

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Epulis fissuratum
Lipoma -treatment
Pregnancy tumor
Epulis fissuratum
• Typical localization:
vestibule
• Asymptomatic
• ulceration may be seen
when irritated locally
• must be removed prior
to making prosthesis
Hemangioma
• Local vascularization
occur in young people,
often congenital.
• Asymptomatic, dark
discoloration, in response
to mechanical irritation
• Lesion blanches upon
pressure.
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• Hyperplastic mass of
mucosa, proliferating
as a response to long-
term mechanical
irritation from an ill-
fitting denture
• Dense collagenous
connective tissue
• Local proliferation of very
vascular granulation tissue
• observed in 15% of
pregnant women together
with diffuse gingival enlar
gement (proliferation of
granulation tissue).
• Treatment postponed until
the end of pregnancy;
• when traumatized or with
tendency to excessive bleed,
must be removed
Hemangioma
• Unencapsulated and generally
extend into the surrounding
tissues.
• When traumatized significant
hemorrhage may occur
• tretment: chemical or surgical
remove
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Odontoma
• Complex odontoma is
disorganized mass of
calcified material appearing
radiopaque on x-ray. These
are usually asymptomatic
lesions or may feature
slight expansion of the
cortical plates.
Cementoma or Osteous Dysplasia
Mixed tumor
• Self-limiting fibro-osseous
process - abnormal bone
reaction to irritation or
stimulation.
• Typically multiple
radiolucencies at the apices
without oral manifestations
• The lesions may show
progressive calcification or
the same over many years.
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Odontoma
• Compond odontoma
small anomalous teeth
can be seen sometimes
together with
unerupted tooth
• Asymptomatic of slowl growh,
rarely cause ulceration of the
overlying mucosa.
• Although they may appear to be
encapsulated clinically, the capsule
is usually found to be incomplete,
and any attempt at enucleation may
result in recurrence.
• Surgical excision with a border of
normal surrounding tissue.