“ANIMATION OF DOUBLE SLIDER CRANK

MECHANISM’S INVERSIONS USING SOLIDWORKS”

A Mini-project Report
(An alternative Assessment Tool in Mechanism and Machine Theory)

Course Code: 17AE4DCMMT

Submitted By

SHREYA G (1DS17AE045)
SHREYA M (1DS17AE046)
VINUTHA G (IDS17AE056)
ISHA G (1DS17AE060)

Under the guidance of

PRAJWAL CHATRA
Assistant Professor, Department of Aeronautical Engg.
Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering
Bengaluru-560078

DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

 DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING
Kumaraswamy Layout, Bengaluru-560078

CERTIFICATE

Certified that the mini project work entitled “ANIMATION OF DOUBLE SLIDER
CRANK MECHANISM’S INVERSIONS USNG SOLIDWORKS” carried out by Ms
SHREYA G (1DS17AE045), Ms SHREYA M (1DS17AE046), Ms VINUTHA G
(IDS17AE056), Ms ISHA G (1DS17AE060). This mini-project is an as alternative
assessment tool in the course Mechanism and Machine Theory (17AE4DCMMT). The
project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of
mini-project work prescribed for the said degree. The assessment is done as per the
standards set during the design of the course.

Name and USN of the Student CIE marks awarded

out of 10
SHREYA G (1DS17AE045)
SHREYA M (1DS17AE046)
VINUTHA G (IDS17AE056)
ISHA G (1DS17AE060)

Name and Signature of the Faculty

(PRAJWAL CHATRA)
Animation Of Double Slider Crank Mechanism’s Inversions Using Solidworks

DECLARATION

We, Ms SHREYA G (1DS17AE045),Ms SHREYA M (1DS17AE046), Ms

VINUTHAG(IDS17AE056), Ms ISHA G(1DS17AE060), hereby declare that, this Mini-
project work entitled “Animation of double slider crank mechanism’s inversions using
Solidworks” has been carried out by us under the guidance of Prajwal Chatra, Assistant
Professor, Department Of Aeronautical Engineering, as an alternative assessment tool in
Mechanism and machine theory.

Place: Bangalore SHREYA G (1DS17AE045)

Date: 25/04/2019 SHREYA M (1DS17AE046)
VINUTHA G (IDS17AE056)
ISHA G(1DS17AE060)

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Animation Of Double Slider Crank Mechanism’s Inversions Using Solidworks

ABSTRACT

Double Crank Slider Mechanism is a demonstration of a simple mechanical system of

linkages and motion chains. It consists of a four-bar chain having two turning and two
sliding pairs such that two pairs of the same kind are adjacent.
The double slider-crank linkage has four links joined in a kinematic chain consisting of two
revolute joints and two sliding joints. In this double slider, one sliding constraint is
perpendicular to the other. Such devices can be used to convert a circular motion of the
crank into an exact sinusoidal motion of the link moving in the fixed linear constraint. They
are three important inversions of double slider crank chain.
1) Elliptical trammel
2) Scotch yoke mechanism
3) Oldham’s coupling

In this mini project we have tried to understand how the double slider and crank mechanism
and its inversions work and we have created animations based on that knowledge using
solid works.

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Animation Of Double Slider Crank Mechanism’s Inversions Using Solidworks

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter-1: Introduction …………………………………………….7

Chapter-2:
2.1 First Inversion –Elliptical Trammel……………………………………….…..8
2.1.1 Applications of elliptical trammel…………………………………………...8
2.2 Second inversion-scotch yoke mechanism…………………………………….8
2.2.1 Applications of scotch yoke mechanism…………………………………….9
2.2.2 Uses of scotch yoke in internal combustion engine…………………………10
2.3 Third inversion- Oldham’s coupling ………………………………………….10
2.3.1 Applications of Oldham’s coupling…………………………………………11
Chapter-3: Design and Animation
3.1 Procedure……………………………………………………………………....12
3.2 Design………………………………………………………………………….12
3.2.1 Elliptical trammel…………………………………………………………....12
3.2.2 Scotch yoke mechanism……………………………………………………..13
3.2.3 Oldham’s coupling…………………………………………………………..14
Chapter-4: Conclusion……………………………………………….15
References ……………………………………………………………16

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Animation Of Double Slider Crank Mechanism’s Inversions Using Solidworks

LIST OF FIGURES

Sl no. Description Page no.

Fig 1.1 Double Slider Crank Mechanism 07

Fig 2.1 Elliptical trammel 08

Fig. 2.2 Scotch Yoke mechanism 09

Fig 2.3 Piston water pump, with a scotch yoke connection 09

to its flywheel

Fig 2.4 Oldham’s coupling 10

Fig 3.1 Parts of Elliptical Trammel 12

Fig 3.2 Assembly of Elliptical Trammel 12

Fig 3.3 Parts of Scotch-Yoke Mechanism 13

Fig 3.4 Assembly of Scotch-Yoke Mechanism 13

Fig 3.5 Parts of Old Ham’s Coupling 14

Fig 3.6 Assembly of Old Ham’s Coupling 14

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Animation Of Double Slider Crank Mechanism’s Inversions Using Solidworks

CHAPTER - 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Double Crank Slider Mechanism is a demonstration of a simple mechanical system of
linkages and motion chains. It consists of a four-bar chain having two turning and two
sliding pairs such that two pairs of the same kind are adjacent.
The double slider-crank linkage has four links joined in a kinematic chain consisting of two
revolute joints and two sliding joints. In this double slider, one sliding constraint is
perpendicular to the other. Such devices can be used to convert a circular motion of the
crank into an exact sinusoidal motion of the link moving in the fixed linear constraint. They
are three important inversions of double slider crank chain.
1) Elliptical trammel
2) Scotch yoke mechanism
3) Oldham’s coupling

Fig. 1.1 Double Slider Crank Mechanism

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Animation Of Double Slider Crank Mechanism’s Inversions Using Solidworks

CHAPTER -2

2.1 FIRST INVERSION –ELLIPTICAL TRAMMEL

Elliptical trammel is a drawing tool which is used to draw ellipse. In this mechanism a
slotted lever is used in which two groves are introduced. Both the slider moves along these
groves. The important thing is that these two groves are perpendicular to each other. While
slider is in the groves a connecting rod is used to connect these sliders and make the motion
constrained. The slotted Lever is fixed element in the mechanism.

When the sliders will move along the grooves, every point on the connecting rod will have
a locus of an ellipse. Different points of connecting rod will draw a different ellipse.

Fig. 2.1 Elliptical trammel

2.1.1 APPLICATIONS OF ELLIPTICAL TRAMMEL

• It is use as automatic tool changer mechanism.

• Elliptical trammel are used for drawing ellipse.
• Ellipses were common architectural elements, often use in ceilings, staircases, and
windows, and needed to be rendered accurately in drawing.

2.2 SECOND INVERSION- SCOTCH YOKE MECHANISM

Scotch yoke Mechanism Transforms the rotational motion into a translatory motion. A
rotatory crank is connected with a slider which will move in a slotted Lever. The Other
sliding element is connected with the lever will reciprocate as an output of the mechanism.

The Lever and the slider are connected such that they both are one element i.e. they are
fixed together to make a single element.
The Scotch Yoke (also known as slotted link mechanism is a reciprocating
motion mechanism, converting the linear motion of a slider into rotational motion, or vice
versa. The piston or other reciprocating part is directly coupled to a sliding yoke with a slot
that engages a pin on the rotating part. The location of the piston versus time is a sine
wave of constant amplitude, and constant frequency given a constant rotational speed.

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Animation Of Double Slider Crank Mechanism’s Inversions Using Solidworks

Fig. 2.2 Scotch Yoke mechanism

2.2.1 APPLICATIONS OF SCOTCH YOKE MECHANISM

• This setup is most commonly used in control valve actuators in high-pressure oil
and gas pipelines.
• Although not a common metalworking machine nowadays, crude shapers can use
Scotch yokes. Almost all those use a Whitworth linkage, which gives a slow speed
forward cutting stroke and a faster return.
• It has been used in various internal combustion engines, such as the Bourke engine,
SyTech engine, and many hot air engines and steam engines.
• The term scotch yoke continues to be used when the slot in the yoke is shorter than
the diameter of the circle made by the crank pin. For example, the side rods of a
locomotive may have scotch yokes to permit vertical motion of intermediate driving
axles.
• What is essentially a Scotch yoke is used in the Tide-Predicting Machine No. 2 to
generate a sinusoidal motion (Sine functions).

Fig 2.3 Piston water pump, with a scotch yoke connection to its flywheel

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Animation Of Double Slider Crank Mechanism’s Inversions Using Solidworks

2.2.2 USES OF SCOTCH YOKE IN INTERNAL-COMBUSTION

ENGINES
Under ideal engineering conditions, force is applied directly in the line of travel of the
assembly. The sinusoidal motion, cosinusoidal velocity, and sinusoidal acceleration
(assuming constant angular velocity) result in smoother operation. The higher percentage
of time spent at top dead Centre (dwell) improves theoretical engine efficiency of constant
volume combustion cycles. It allows the elimination of joints typically served by a wrist
pin, and near elimination of piston skirts and cylinder scuffing, as side loading of piston
due to sine of connecting rod angle is mitigated. The longer the distance between the piston
and the yoke, the less wear that occurs, but greater the inertia, making such increases in the
piston rod length realistically only suitable for lower RPM (but higher torque) applications.
The Scotch yoke is not used in most internal combustion engines because of the rapid wear
of the slot in the yoke caused by sliding friction and high contact pressures[citation needed].
This is mitigated by a sliding block between the crank and the slot in the piston rod. Also,
increased heat loss during combustion due to extended dwell at top dead centre offsets any
constant volume combustion improvements in real engines. In an engine application, less
percent of the time is spent at bottom dead centre when compared to a conventional piston
and crankshaft mechanism, which reduces blowdown time for two-stroke engines.
Experiments have shown that extended dwell time does not work well with constant volume
combustion Otto cycle engines. Gains might be more apparent in Otto cycle engines using
a stratified direct injection (diesel or similar) cycle to reduce heat losses.

2.3 THIRD INVERSION - OLDHAM’S COUPLING

Oldham's coupling is a mechanism to transform rotational motion from one shaft to another.
These two shafts will not have the common axis but their axes will have slight difference
between them and are parallel to each other.
When one shaft rotates the other will rotate with the same RPM.

The flanges are incorporated at the ends of the shaft to provide coupling. These flanges are
brought together to make a joint between the flanges a circular disc is introduced. This disk
has slots that are fit into the flanges to provide a joint.
The input shaft will transfer the rotational motion to circular disc throw flange then the disk
will transfer that to another flange to rotate the other shaft as output.

Fig 2.4 Oldham’s coupling

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Animation Of Double Slider Crank Mechanism’s Inversions Using Solidworks

2.3.1 APPLICATIONS OF OLDHAM’S COUPLING

• These components can accommodate parallel misalignment and act as a mechanical

fuse in industrial machinery.

• The Applications of Oldham Coupling are mainly for robotics machinery and office
equipment such as a printer and copy machines.

• The Oldham coupling has key features of promoting a light bearing load. It also
stops transmission of power during overload and reduces the risk of damage to
expensive machinery components. Furthermore, the Oldham coupling is a three-
piece design that comprised of two anodized aluminum hubs and a torque
transmission center disk. This is an indispensable element in industrial machines.

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Animation Of Double Slider Crank Mechanism’s Inversions Using Solidworks

CHAPTER-3
DESIGN AND ANIMATION
3.1 PROCEDURE
• All the required parts for the mechanisms are sketched.
• Solidworks 2018 software was used for the design of all the 3 mechanisms.
• Design of each component is done separately, and is assembled on Solidworks.
• Necessary constraints are imposed on the parts wherever required.
• Basic motion analysis is used for creating the animation at suitable rpm, and is
exported to video format.

3.2 DESIGN
3.2.1 ELLIPTICAL TRAMMEL

Various parts:
1. Square Slotted Base (Fixed)
2. Two Sliders
3. Connecting Rod

Fig 3.1 Parts of Elliptical Trammel

Fig 3.2 Assembly of Elliptical Trammel

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Animation Of Double Slider Crank Mechanism’s Inversions Using Solidworks

3.2.2 Scotch Yoke Mechanism

Various parts:
1. Sliding Yoke
2. Connecting rod
3. Crank
4. Pin

Fig 3.3 Parts of Scotch-Yoke mechanism

Fig 3.4 Assembly of Scotch-Yoke mechanism

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Animation Of Double Slider Crank Mechanism’s Inversions Using Solidworks

3.2.3 Oldham’s coupling

Various parts:
1. Driving shaft
2. Driven Shaft
3. Center disc

Fig 3.5 Parts of Old Ham’s coupling

Fig 3.6 Assembly of Old Ham’s coupling

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Animation Of Double Slider Crank Mechanism’s Inversions Using Solidworks

CHAPTER - 4
CONCLUSION

Through this project, we were successfully able to design and animate the movements of
the double slider crank mechanism and its inversions.
We infer that Double slider and crank mechanism is used in many etypes of engines
especially in internal combustions engines, and reciprocating engines. Proper design must
be carried out, else failure of the parts will occur.
In actual making of the model, material is used according to the kind of load. For high duty
high carbon steel is used and for low duty cast iron is used. Proper adjustment is carried to
between the piston and cylinder side wall in order to avoid striking, and for long life of
machine.
Size of crank is taken according to the desired rpm, and size of connecting rod is taken
according to the crank.
Thus, calculations must be precise and accurate in order to obtain an effective mechanism.

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Animation Of Double Slider Crank Mechanism’s Inversions Using Solidworks

REFERENCES
[1] "Science Links Japan | Effect of Piston Speed around Top Dead Centre on Thermal
Efficiency". Sciencelinks.jp. 2009-03-18. Archived from the original on 2012-01-
27. Retrieved 2011-12-06.
[2] "The SyTech Scotch Yoke Engine". AutoSpeed. Retrieved 2008-07-08.
[3] General Construction, Baldwin Gasoline Industrial Locomotives Baldwin
Locomotive Works Record, No. 74, 1913; pages 7-9. The use of the scotch yoke is
explained page 8.
[4] Bourke Engine Documentary, Published 1968, p50, "Appraising Engine
Efficiency" para2
[5] Norman W. Storer, Electric Locomotive, U.S. Patent 991,038, granted May 2,
1911. The use of the scotch yoke is discussed on page 2 of the text.

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