Reviewer in General Physics I  d= (Vi)(t) + (g)(t)² / 2

 t= Vf – Vi / g
Kinematics
2. THROWN DOWNWARD
ALONG VERTICAL DIMENSION - Vi≠0 but negative (-)
- g= -9.8 m/s²
Aristotle- proposed that heavier objects
- Vf≠0 and always negative (-)
will fall faster than the lighter one
(Geocentric). Formulas are the same with Dropped Bodies!
Galileo Galilei (Heliocentric)-
3. THROWN UPWARD
experimented in “Tower of Pisa” in
- Vi≠0 but always positive
1589
- Vf (max height) = 0
- He dropped stone
- Vi (from Max height) = 0
- 2 objects will fall at the
- Vf≠0 and always negative (-)
same rate regardless of
their mass due to gravity FORMULA:
and air resistance is
neglected.  d₁= Vf²-Vi² / 2g
 d₂= (Vi)(t) + (g)(t)² / 2
TRIVIA: The books of Galileo were banned &  t₁= Vf-Vi / g
being house arrest  t₂= 2(t₁)
PROOFS OF GALILEO: PROJECTILE MOTION
- motion of any object which has
1. Isaac Newton (Law of Acceleration)
initial velocity and curved path is
- Acceleration is directly proportional
made and it is affected by gravity
to force and inversely proportional and air resistance is neglected
in mass. - 2D kinematics
2. David Scott- Apollo 15 (1971) 2 KINDS OF PROJECTILE MOTION
- He dropped hammer & stone in the
moon. 1. Horizontal Projectile
Trajectory- curved path
FREE FALL- happens when an object falls freely THINGS TO REMEMBER!!!
w/ the influence of gravity but air resistance is  Projectile body is a combination of
neglected. horizontal & vertical component
- Free Fall is Uniformly Accelerated  It’s horizontal & vertical is
Motion (UAM). INDEPENDENT to each other
 Horizontal & vertical is DEPENDENT
3 TYPES OF FREE FALL with time
 The acceleration in horizontal is 0
1. Dropped Bodies
 The acceleration in vertical is constant
- Vi=0
 The Vi in vertical is 0
- g= -9.8 m/s²
- Vf≠0 but always negative (-) FORMULAS
FORMULA Horizontal Vertical
Vi(x)= d(x) / t Vf(y)= Vi(y) + (g)(t)
 Vf= (Vi) + (g)(t)
d(x)= Vi(x)*t Vf(y)= Vi²(y) + 2(g)
 Vf²= (Vi)² + 2(g)(d)
 (d) - An object at rest will remain at rest
T= d(x) / Vi(x) d(y)= Vi(y)*t + (g) unless acted upon by external force
(t)² / 2 - An object will remain in motion
t= √2d(x)/g unless acted upon by external force
2. Angled Projectile
- has an initial velocity with 4 KINDS OF FORCES
corresponding angle 1. Fn (Normal Force)- force exerted by
- combination of horizontal & vertical the surface
(Thrown Upward) 2. Fg (Gravitational Force)- force
- Vf = 0 exerted by Earth’s gravity
FORMULAS 3. Fa (Applied Force)- force exerted by
a body to an object
Horizontal Vertical 4. Ff (Friction Force)- force exerted by
Vi(x) = d(x) / t Vf(y) = Vi(y) + (g)(t) surface floor and opposite with
d(x) = Vi(x)*t Vf²(y) = Vi²(y) + direction with applied force
2(g)d(y) 2. LAW OF ACCELERATION
T = d(x) / Vi(x) d₁(y) = Vf²(y)- Vi²(y) / - Acceleration is directly proportional
2g to force and inversely proportional
d₂ = Vi(y)8t + (g)(t)² / 2
to mass
t₁ = Vf(y) – Vi(y) / g
- F=ma ; a= F/m
 Vi(x) = Vi cos Θ t₂ = √2d(y)/g
 Vi(y) = Vi sin Θ Total time = 2t REMEMBER: The unit of Newton (N) is equal to
LAWS OF MOTION kilogram meter per second squared (kgm/s²)
 ARISTOTLE vs GALILEO GALILEI 3. LAW OF INTERACTION
- Aristotle believed that objects has - For every action there is an equal
“natural rest” and it requires force and opposite reaction.
to make it move.
Ex. For a stone to keep moving, you
keep pushing
- Galileo asked Aristotle, “why does
moving object eventually stops?”
- Galileo conducted an experiment
using an inclined plane. He
concluded that the smoother the
surface the farther the travel of an
object.

FRICTION- the ability of the surface to stop

something

INERTIA- unwillingness/resistance of an object

to change its motion; it is measured by mass

3 LAWS OF MOTION

1. LAW OF INERTIA