DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

MIS. OR. GENERAL COMP. HIGH SCHOOL

CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY

A PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF
ARALING PANLIPUNAN 8
PROJECT

RESEARCH PROJECT : IMPORTANT

PERSONALITIES IN CLASSICAL GREECE

Submitted by:
Christopher Y. Bosaco
Section:
8-FORGIVING
Submitted to:
Sir Leomer B. Sagosoy
 PERICLES

Pericles promoted the arts,literature,and philosophy

and gave free reign to some of the most inspired writers
and thinkers of his time.During the Age of Pericles,and
Democracy. Artists and sculptors, playwrights and
poets,architects and philosophers all found Athens an
exciting and enlivening atmosphere for their work.
Athens under Pericles saw the building of the Acropolis
and the glory of the Parthenon. The playwrights
Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes (in
short,all of the great Greek writers for the stage)
invented theater as it is known in the modern-
day.Hippocrates (who inspired the Hippocratic Oath still
taken by physicians today) practiced medicine in Athens
then while sculptors like the famous Phidias (who
created the statue of Zeus at Olympia, considered one
of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World,as well as
the statue of Athena Parthenos for the Parthenon) and
Myron (who produced the masterpiece Discus Thrower)
worked in their marble and stone. The great
philosophers Protagoras, Zeno of Elea,and Anaxagoras
were all personal friends of Pericles (Anaxagoras
especially,who influenced Pericles public demeanor and
acceptance of fate, especially after the death of Pericles
sons) and Socrates, the man considered the father of
western philosophy;all lived in Athens at the time.
 ALEXANDER THE GREAT

Alexander the 3rd of Macedon,known as Alexander the

Great (21 July 356 BCE - 10 or 11 June 323 BCE.) was the
son of King Philip the 2nd of Macedon.He became king
upon his father’s death in 336 BCE and went on to
conquer most of the known world of his day.He is
known as “the great” both for his military genius and his
diplomatic skills in handling the various populaces of the
regions he conquered.He is further recognized for
Greece throughout Asia Minor, Egypt, and Mesopotamia
to India and thus initiating the era of the “Hellenistic
World”.

When Alexander was young, he was taught to fight and

ride by Leonidas of Epirus a relative of his mother
Olympias, as well as to endure hardships such as forced
marches.His father,Philip, was interested in cultivating a
refined future king so hired Lysimachus of Acarnania to
teach the boy reading,writing, and to play the lyre. This
tutelage would instill in Alexander a life-long love of
reading and music.
 HERODOTUS

Herodotus (c. 484 - 425\413 BCE) was a writer. He was

called “The Father of History” by the Roman writer and
orator Cicero for his famous Criticism of Herodotus’
work seems to have originated among Athenians who
took exception to his account of the Battle of Marathon
(490 BCE) and, specifically, which families were due the
most honor for the victory over the Persians. More
serious criticism of his work has to do with the
credibility of the accounts of his travels.

Herodotus identifies himself in the prologue to his

work as a native of Halicarnassus (on the south-west
coast of Asia Minor ; modern Turkey) and this is
accepted as his birth place even though Aristotle and
the Suda claim he was a native of Thurri. This
discrepancy is generally understood as a mistake made
in an ancient source (possibly a translation of
Herodotus’ work) as Herodotus may have lived on the
island of Thurii but had not been born there.

DRACO

Draco was an aristocrat who in 7th century BCE

Athens was handed the task of composing a new body
of laws. We have no particular clues concerning his life
and general biography and the only certainly is that,as
an aristocrat and an educated man, he was in the right
place at the right time in order to take his opportunity
and legislate. During the infancy of the Athenian legal
system Draco composed the city’s first written law code
with the aim of reducing arbitrary decisions of
punishment and blood feuds between parties.
Ultimately,through, the laws aided and legitimized the
political power of the aristocracy and allowed them to
consolidate their control of the land and poor. Famously
harsh, the laws were ultimately replaced by Solon in 594
BCE.

SOLON

Solon (c.640-560 BCE) was an Athenian statesman,

lawmaker, and poet, who is credited with restructuring
the social and political organisation of Athens and
thereby laying the foundations for Athenian democracy.
Such were his accomplishments that, in later
centuries,he became a sort of semi-mythical founding
father figure who had set Athens on the path to the
glory and prosperity the city enjoyed in the Classical
period.

According to Plutarch in his Solon, the lawgiver was

the son of Execestides and so born into a distinguished
family, even if their wealth was modest. Plutarch also
quotes fragments of Solon’s poetry,painting a more
romantic picture than posterity would remember the
matter of fact lawmaker.

HARING LEONIDAS

Herodotus in his ‘Histories’ describes the family lineage

of Leonidas which could be traced back 20 generations
to the mythical hero Hercules.Leonidas’ father was the
Spartan king Anaxandrides, himself the son of King
Leon.Anaxandrides, however, had some problems in
producing an heir after his first wife proved barren.The
Spartan Ephors and Elders, to protect the royal lineage,
forced Anaxandrides to take a second wife. She did give
birth to a son,Cleomeries, but in a strange twist
Anaxandrides’ first wife announced she was also now
pregnant and another son, Dorieus, was born. Then,
shortly after, the first wife again gave birth sometime in
the 540’s BCE to Leonidas and Kleombrotus, some
saying the latter were twins.

As Leonidas had two older brothers it seemed unlikely

he would represent the royal House of Agiad and
become one of the two Spartan kings,However,he did
just that following the death of Doreius on campaign in
Sicily and the mysterious suicide (put down to bad
drinking habits) of Cleomenes, who left no heir.
Leonidas was married to Gorgo, Cleomene’s daughter,
and the death of her father meant Leonidas became
king,sometime around 490 BCE.

THEMISTOCLES

Themistocles (c. 524 - c. 460 BCE) was an Athenian

statesman and general (strategos) whose emphasis on
naval power and military skills were instrumental during
the Persian wars, victory in which ensured that Greece
survived its greatest ever threat. As the historian
Thucydides stated in his History of the Peloponnesian
War, Themistocles was a man who exhibited the most
indubitable signs of genius; indeed, in this particular he
has a claim on our admiration quire extraordinary and
unparalleled; (1.138.3) A brilliant strategist and canny
politician he was perhaps a little too thirsty for glory and
power for his own good but Themistocles was, without
doubt, one of the most important and colourful figures
of Classical Athens.

Themistocles life is described by three notable ancient

sources: Herodotus (c. 484 - c. 425 BCE), Thucydides (c.
460 - c. 399 BCE), and Plutarch (c. 45 CE - c. 120 CE).