Computers and Systems Dept Artificial Intelligence CSE481 Spring 2020

Sheet 1
Propositional Logic

1. Consider the state of the World depicted below. A sign in the cell (i,j) means
that person owning row i likes the person owning column j.

Abby Bess Cody Dana

Abby
Bess
Cody
Dana

For each of the following sentences, say whether or not it is true in this state of
the world.

(a) Abby likes Dana.

(b) Dana does not like Abby.
(c) Abby likes Cody or Dana.
(d) Abby likes someone who likes her.
(e) Somebody likes everybody.

2. Come up with a table of likes and dislikes that makes all of the following
sentences true. Note that there is more than one such table.

(a) Dana likes Cody.

(b) Abby does not like Dana.
(c) Bess likes Cody or Dana.
(d) Abby likes everyone whom Bess likes.
(e) Cody likes everyone who likes her.
(f) Nobody likes herself.

3. Consider a set of premises that are true in the four states shown in Fig. 1. For
each of the following sentences, say whether or not, it logically follows from
these premises.

(a) Abby likes Bess or Bess likes Abby.

(b) Somebody likes herself.
(c) Everybody likes somebody.
Computers and Systems Dept Artificial Intelligence CSE481 Spring 2020

4. Say whether or not each of the following reasoning patterns are logically
correct.

(a) All x are z. All y are z. Therefore, some x are y.

(b) Some x are y. All y are z. Therefore, some x are z.
(c) All x are y. Some y are z. Therefore, some x are z.

5. Say whether each of the following expressions is a syntactically legal sentence of

Propositional Logic.

(a) p ∧ ¬p
(b) ¬p ∨ ¬p
(c) ¬(q ∨ r) ¬q ⇒ ¬¬p
(d) (p ∧ q) ∨ (p ¬∧ q)
(e) p ∨ ¬q ∧ ¬p ∨ ¬q ⇒ p ∨ q

6. Consider a truth assignment in which p is true, q is false, r is true. Use this truth
assignment to evaluate the following sentences.

(a) p ⇒ q ∧ r
(b) p ∧ q ⇒ r
(c) p ∧ q ⇒ ¬r
(d) p ∧ q ⇔ q ∧ r
(e) p ⇒ q ∨ r
Computers and Systems Dept Artificial Intelligence CSE481 Spring 2020

7. Consider the sentences shown below. There are three proposition constants
here, meaning that there are eight possible truth assignments. How many of
these assignments satisfy all of these sentences?

q⇒¬r p⇒q∧r p∨q∨r

8. Consider a propositional language with three proposition constants

- mushroom, purple, and poisonous - each indicating the property suggested by
its spelling. Using these proposition constants, encode the following English
sentences as Propositional Logic sentences.

(a) All purple mushrooms are poisonous.

(b) A mushroom is poisonous only if it is purple.
(c) A mushroom is not poisonous unless it is purple.
(d) No purple mushroom is poisonous.

9. A small company makes widgets in a variety of constituent materials (aluminum,

copper, iron), colors (red, green, blue, grey), and finishes (matte, textured,
coated). Although there are more than one thousand possible combinations of
widget features, the company markets only a subset of the possible
combinations. The sentences below are some constraints that characterize the
possibilities. Your job here is to select materials, colors, and finishes in such a
way that all of the product constraints are satisfied. Note that there are multiple
ways this can be done.

aluminum ∨ copper ∨ iron

red ∨ green ∨ blue ∨ grey
aluminum ⇒ grey
copper ∧ ¬coated ⇒ red
iron ⇒ coated

10. The above company changed its constraints to those listed below. It received an
order for a product that is made of copper, color is green or blue with matte
finishing. Your job here is to select a truth value for each constraint indicating
whether that constraint is satisfied by the order shown above.

aluminum ∨ copper ∨ iron

aluminum ⇒ grey
copper ∧ ¬coated ⇒ red
coated ∧ ¬copper ⇒ green
green ∨ blue ⇔ ¬textured ∧ ¬iron

.
Computers and Systems Dept Artificial Intelligence CSE481 Spring 2020

11. Given the following, can you prove that the unicorn is mythical? How about
magical? Horned?
"If the unicorn is mythical, then it is immortal, but if it is not mythical, then it is
a mortal mammal. If the unicorn is either immortal or a mammal, then it is
horned. The unicorn is magical if it is horned."