Nama: Dwina Basyaasyah

NIM: 1913511079

Fakultas: Kelautan dan Perikanan (Ilmu Kelautan (C))

World's oceans and mountains are in

big trouble from climate change, UN
report says
The world's oceans and mountains are in peril, and so are we, according
to a major new report from United Nations climate scientists released early
Wednesday.

The "Special Report on Oceans and the Cryosphere" offers a

bleak picture. It warns that the world's oceans have reached or are nearing
critical tipping points: Oceans have gotten warmer, more acidic and are losing
oxygen, resulting in a cascade of negative effects that are wreaking havoc on
coral and other marine ecosystems, threatening the collapse of the world’s
fisheries and turbocharging deadly hurricanes and tropical storms.

In an unprecedented effort, teams of scientists from the U.N.'s

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change explored the farthest corners of
Earth, from the highest Alpine regions to the deepest oceans, said Ko Barrett,
panel vice chair and a NOAA deputy assistant administrator for research, "and
even in these remote places climate change is evident."

As glaciers and ice sheets have melted faster, and rising temperatures
have warmed the surface of the sea, the planet's marine zones have absorbed
the heat, Barrett said. But the systems are now at or near overload.

"For decades, the ocean has been acting like a sponge ... but it can't keep
up," Barrett said. "The consequences for nature and humanity are sweeping and
severe."

Greta Thunberg takes on UN:  How dare you look away? 

The scientists confirmed clear links between ice loss and rising seas and
an array of impacts, including fiercer hurricanes and storms in the Atlantic
Ocean.
  In the U.S., most of the East and West coasts will experience what were
once "hundred-year" floods on an annual basis, even if greenhouse gas
emissions are sharply reduced, and unless major investments are made to adapt
to the coming high waters, the report says.

Globally, preparing for the floods as seas rise could cost hundreds of

billions of dollars per year. In the absence of major adaptation efforts, extreme
coastal flooding will become common by the end of the century due to sea-level
rise, according to the report.

But the consequences of continuing on a high emissions

trajectory are even starker, the authors conclude: Under a low-emissions
scenario, managing the impacts of climate change will be expensive but
possible. Doing little or nothing will result in catastrophic impacts.

“This report should erase any doubts about the peril that climate change
poses for the health of the ocean and, as a consequence, for human well-being,"
said John Tanzer of the World Wildlife Fund's global oceans program. "From
coral reefs and mangroves to fish populations and coastal habitats, climate
change and human pressures are rapidly destroying the natural capital that
supports the lives and livelihoods of hundreds of millions of people around the
world." 

Arctic sea ice keeps shrinking: Polar bears may disappear 

The report, finalized by IPCC scientists along with representatives of 110

countries in Monaco this week, comes the day after an urgently convened
Climate Action Summit at U.N. headquarters in New York. Youth activist Greta
Thunberg castigated world leaders at the start of the session, saying "This is all
wrong. I shouldn't be up here, I should be back in school on the other side of the
ocean."

Thunberg, 16, her voice cracking, told the global leaders they were
failing. "For more than 30 years the science has been crystal clear. How dare
you continue to look away?"

But the world's largest polluters – the U.S., China and India – sat on the
sidelines or pledged little to nothing in terms of ratcheting down harmful carbon
dioxide and other industrial gases that continue to pile up at unprecedented
levels in the Earth's atmosphere.

India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi did vow to more than double
renewable energy, as President Donald Trump, a surprise last-minute
attendee, listened quietly in the audience. About 70 small and medium
countries, most of whom are already grappling with the climate crisis, did
pledge further cuts, even though their collective emissions are relatively small.

The new IPCC report pulled no punches: Polar ice sheet loss has
increased dramatically, overtaking warming ocean expansion and glacial melt as
the main cause of sea-level rise since the last oceans assessment in 2013. Sea
level rise is speeding up. (The "cryosphere" is the world's frozen areas, which
includes the polar regions and high  mountain snowy peaks.) 

What do you want to ask about climate change?

Methane and carbon released as permafrost thaws will also contribute to

climate change, pushing toward a tipping point that, if passed, could trap the
planet in a vicious feedback loop that could unleash even more rapid warming. 

"Unless we accelerate efforts to curb carbon emissions and take greater

steps to protect our oceans, there will be devastating human, environmental and
economic consequences," Greenpeace scientist Melissa Wang told the BBC. 

Elsewhere, water scarcity and wildfires will become worse as glaciers

melt and snow pack declines. Already, communities that rely on melt and runoff
for agriculture and drinking water are being left high and dry, while wildfires
have grown increasingly common in the Arctic and high mountains.

“As the ... report makes clear, this is a global problem, which requires
action by everyone – countries, companies, and civil society – to solve,"
said Enric Sala, explorer in residence at the National Geographic
Society. "Inaction means the collapse of our life support system, with
catastrophic consequences for human society.”

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