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5 6087102766021345335 PDF
5 6087102766021345335 PDF
5 6087102766021345335 PDF
While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this manual, we assume no
responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damage resulting from the
use of the information contained herein.
Gemcom Software International Inc. Gemcom, the Gemcom logo, combinations thereof, and
Whittle, Surpac, GEMS, Minex, Gemcom InSite and PCBC are trademarks of Gemcom Software
International Inc. or its wholly-owned subsidiaries.
Contributors
Rowdy Bristol
Phil Jackson
Product
Gemcom Surpac v6.2
Table of Contents
Introduction 5
Overview 5
Requirements 5
Workflow 6
Block Modelling Concepts 7
Model Space 7
Blocks and Attributes 8
Constraints 9
Estimation 10
Setup for This Tutorial 11
Setting the Work Directory 11
Task: Set the Work Directory (Windows XP) 11
Task: Set the Work Directory (Windows Vista) 12
Displaying the Toolbar and Menubar 13
Task: Display the Block Modelling Toolbar and Menubar 13
Creating a Block Model 14
Create a Block Model 14
Task: Create a Block Model 14
Creating Model Attributes 22
Create Model Attributes 22
Task: Create Model Attributes 22
Constraints Within a Block Model 25
Applying Constraints to a Block Model 25
Task: Apply Constraints to a Block Model 26
Estimation or Filling the Block Model 30
Assign Value 30
Task: Fill the Block Model Using Assign Value 30
Nearest Neighbour 34
Task: Fill the BIF Zone Using Nearest Neighbour 34
Inverse Distance 40
Task: Fill the Sand Zone Using Inverse Distance 40
Ordinary Kriging 44
Task: Fill the QPY Zone Using Ordinary Kriging 44
Block Model Reporting 52
Block Model Report 52
Task: Create a Block Model Report 52
Creating Calculated Attributes 56
Task: Create Calculated Attributes 56
Partial Percentage Reporting 60
Simple Partial Percent Reporting 60
Task: Create Partial Percentage Report 60
Model Reblocking 68
Model Reblocking 68
Task: Perform Model Reblocking 68
Column Processing 70
Workflow 70
Viewing the Data 71
Task: View the Data 71
Classify Blocks 76
Task: Classify Blocks into Ore and Waste 76
Reduction and Dilution 89
Task: Calculate Dilution & Reduction 89
Recoverable Product 91
Task: Calculate Recoverable Product 91
Thicknesses 101
Task: Calculate Column Thickness 101
Introduction
Overview
By working through the examples in this tutorial you will:
l become familiar with Surpac’s block modelling module and the concept of block mod-
elling.
l learn to fill a block model from drillhole data from a geological database.
l learn to constrain a block model to filter out specific blocks.
l learn to report volume, tonnage and grade from a block model.
l learn about column processing of a block model.
Requirements
Prior to proceeding with this tutorial, you will need:
Page 5 of 104
Introduction
Workflow
Note: This workflow demonstrates the steps in this tutorial. There are other ways to achieve a
result.
Page 6 of 104
Block Modelling Concepts
Model Space
3D coordinates spatially define the model extents.
Minimum Northing (Y), Easting (X) and Elevation (Z).
Maximum Northing (Y), Easting (X) and Elevation (Z).
Page 7 of 104
Block Modelling Concepts
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Block Modelling Concepts
Constraints
All Block model functions may be performed with constraints. A constraint is a logical combination of
one or more spatial objects on selected blocks. Objects that may be used in constraints are plane
surfaces, DTMs, solids, closed strings and block attribute values. Constraints may be saved to a file
for rapid re-use and may themselves be used as components of other constraints.
Blocks meet a constraint (eg. below a DTM as in the figures below) if its centroid meets that
constraint. This is true even if part of the block is above the DTM.
Page 9 of 104
Block Modelling Concepts
Estimation
Once a Block model is created and all attributes defined, the model must be filled by some
estimation method. This is achieved by estimating and assigning attribute values from sample data
which has X Y Z coordinates and the attribute values of interest.
The estimation methods that may be used are:
Nearest Neighbour Assign the value of the closest sample point to a block
Assign block values using an Inverse Distance estimator
Inverse Distance
Assign block values using Kriging with Variogram parameters developed from
Ordinary Kriging a Geostatistical study
Assign data from the description fields of closed segments to attribute values
of blocks that are contained within those segments extended in the direction
Assign from String of one of the principal axes (X, Y or Z)
Assign block values from data in a delimited or fixed format text file
Import Centroids
Page 10 of 104
Setup for This Tutorial Task: Set the Work Directory (Windows XP)
The name of the work directory is displayed in the title bar at the top of the Surpac
window.
Page 11 of 104
Setup for This Tutorial Task: Set the Work Directory (Windows Vista)
The name of the work directory is displayed in the title bar at the top of the Surpac
window.
Page 12 of 104
Group Mineral & Batubara Nusantara (Telegram Aplikasi)
Sistim Operasi: Android/IOS/WindowsPhone. Windows PC & Apple PC
Deskipsi: Graha Minerba Nusantara adl 'rumah' bg insan pertambangan dr beragam latar
belakang yg berkiprah di ranah mineral & batubara.
Media unt mewartakan: Aktifitas pertambangan Minerba dari pra-pasca tambang serta
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tambang, event2 pertambangan, jasa konsultan/drilling/survey/maping/geologi, lowker
seta info2 seputar Mineral & Batubara.
1. Right-click in the blank area next to the menus at the top of the Surpac main window.
2. From the popup menu, choose Profiles > block_model.
Page 13 of 104
Creating a Block Model Task: Create a Block Model
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Creating a Block Model Task: Create a Block Model
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Creating a Block Model Task: Create a Block Model
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Creating a Block Model Task: Create a Block Model
Using the previous diagrams you can determine the origin and extents of the block model
which will cover the ore solid.
You can also use the string file ore1.str to determine the origin and extents directly from
the data. This method is described below.
8. Choose Block model > New / Open.
9. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
11. Tick the box for Get extents from string file.
12. Choose ore1.str and click Open.
Page 17 of 104
Creating a Block Model Task: Create a Block Model
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Creating a Block Model Task: Create a Block Model
13. Adjust the values as shown to create a block model which fully covers the extents of the
orebody.
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Creating a Block Model Task: Create a Block Model
15. Enter the information as shown, and then click Create Model.
The block model is created and its name is displayed in the status bar at the bottom of
the Surpac window.
Page 20 of 104
Creating a Block Model Task: Create a Block Model
Note: To see all of the steps performed in this task run _01_create_model.tcl. You will need to
click Apply on any forms presented.
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Creating Model Attributes Task: Create Model Attributes
1. Open training.mdl.
2. Open db1.ddb.
3. Right-click in the blank area next to the menus at the top of the Surpac main window.
4. From the popup menu, choose Profiles > geology_database.
5. From the Geology Database menu, choose Edit > View table.
6. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
7. Click Apply on the blank constraints form to look at the entire table._
8. After looking at the data in the sample table, click Apply. This table data is typical of the
data from a geological database that may be used to fill a block model.
Page 22 of 104
Creating Model Attributes Task: Create Model Attributes
Note: Using real, rather than float, will significantly increase the size of the block
model. You would choose float rather than real whenever the attribute will contain
approximately 8 significant digits or less.
14. Choose Block model > Summary.
Page 23 of 104
Creating Model Attributes Task: Create Model Attributes
17. Click Yes to write the attributes into the block model.
18. Choose Block model > Close.
Note: To see all of the steps performed in this task run _02_create_model_attributes.tcl. You will
need to click Apply on any forms presented.
Page 24 of 104
Constraints Within a Block Model Task: Create Model Attributes
l ABOVE.
l INSIDE.
l >.
l <.
l =.
The operator used depends on the nature of the object. In order to reduce the number of spatial
operators, the word NOT is used to imply the opposite of an operation. For example, OUTSIDE would
be represented by the expression NOT INSIDE. With the AND statement all conditions must be met
for the constraint to apply to a block. With the OR statement, just one of the conditions needs to be
satisfied.
l inside/outside a solid.
l above/below a Surface.
l satisfy the conditions of a block Attribute.
l inside/outside a string.
l above/below a defined plane.
Page 25 of 104
Constraints Within a Block Model Task: Apply Constraints to a Block Model
Note: Once you have constructed the constraint, save it by filling in the Save
constraint to box and then clicking Apply.
6. Drag and drop oxide.con into graphics.
Page 26 of 104
Constraints Within a Block Model Task: Apply Constraints to a Block Model
The blocks below the topography and above the weath_ew1 surface are displayed on the
screen.
You will now repeat the above process to create constraints for the transitional zone and
fresh rock zone.
trans.con is above weath_fresh1.dtm and below weath_ew1.dtm.
7. Choose Constraints > Remove last graphical constraint.
8. Choose Constraints > New constraint file.
9. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
Page 27 of 104
Constraints Within a Block Model Task: Apply Constraints to a Block Model
Page 28 of 104
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tambang, event2 pertambangan, jasa konsultan/drilling/survey/maping/geologi, lowker
seta info2 seputar Mineral & Batubara.
Note: To see all of the steps performed in this task run _03_applying_constaints.tcl. You will
need to click Apply on any forms presented.
Page 29 of 104
Estimation or Filling the Block Model Task: Fill the Block Model Using Assign Value
5. Click Yes.
You will now repeat this process of filling the attribute sg. Assign sg a value of 2.6 inside
trans.con and a value of 2.8 inside fresh.con.
6. Choose Estimation > Assign value.
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Estimation or Filling the Block Model Task: Fill the Block Model Using Assign Value
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Estimation or Filling the Block Model Task: Fill the Block Model Using Assign Value
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Estimation or Filling the Block Model Task: Fill the Block Model Using Assign Value
19. Enter the values as shown, click Refresh, and then click Apply.
Page 33 of 104
Estimation or Filling the Block Model Task: Fill the BIF Zone Using Nearest Neighbour
20. Choose Display > Edge and face visibility and ensure Display block edges is unticked.
Note: To see all of the steps performed in this task run _04_assign_value.tcl. You will need to click
Apply on any forms presented.
Nearest Neighbour
Task: Fill the BIF Zone Using Nearest Neighbour
1. Open training.mdl.
2. Choose Block Model > Display.
Page 34 of 104
Estimation or Filling the Block Model Task: Fill the BIF Zone Using Nearest Neighbour
4. Choose View > Data view options > View by bearing and dip.
5. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
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Estimation or Filling the Block Model Task: Fill the BIF Zone Using Nearest Neighbour
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Estimation or Filling the Block Model Task: Fill the BIF Zone Using Nearest Neighbour
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Estimation or Filling the Block Model Task: Fill the BIF Zone Using Nearest Neighbour
Once the filling has been completed, a report called nearest_neighbour.not is produced.
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Estimation or Filling the Block Model Task: Fill the BIF Zone Using Nearest Neighbour
14. Enter the information as shown, click Refresh and then click Apply.
The constrained and coloured block model for the bif1 zone is displayed.
Note: To see all of the steps performed in this task run _05a_nearest_neighbour.tcl. You will need
to click Apply on any forms presented.
Page 39 of 104
Estimation or Filling the Block Model Task: Fill the Sand Zone Using Inverse Distance
Inverse Distance
Task: Fill the Sand Zone Using Inverse Distance
1. Open training.mdl.
2. Choose Block Model > Display.
3. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
4. Choose View > Data view options > View by bearing and dip.
5. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
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Estimation or Filling the Block Model Task: Fill the Sand Zone Using Inverse Distance
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Estimation or Filling the Block Model Task: Fill the Sand Zone Using Inverse Distance
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Estimation or Filling the Block Model Task: Fill the Sand Zone Using Inverse Distance
Once the filling has been completed, a report called training_id.not is produced.
Page 43 of 104
Estimation or Filling the Block Model Task: Fill the QPY Zone Using Ordinary Kriging
15. Enter the information as shown, click Refresh and then click Apply.
The constrained and coloured block model for the Sand1 zone is displayed.
Note: To see all of the steps performed in this task run _05b_inverse_distance.tcl. You will need
to click Apply on any forms presented.
Ordinary Kriging
Task: Fill the QPY Zone Using Ordinary Kriging
1. Open training.mdl.
2. Choose Block Model > Display.
Page 44 of 104
Estimation or Filling the Block Model Task: Fill the QPY Zone Using Ordinary Kriging
4. Choose View > Data view options > View by bearing and dip.
5. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
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Estimation or Filling the Block Model Task: Fill the QPY Zone Using Ordinary Kriging
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Estimation or Filling the Block Model Task: Fill the QPY Zone Using Ordinary Kriging
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Estimation or Filling the Block Model Task: Fill the QPY Zone Using Ordinary Kriging
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Estimation or Filling the Block Model Task: Fill the QPY Zone Using Ordinary Kriging
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Estimation or Filling the Block Model Task: Fill the QPY Zone Using Ordinary Kriging
When the model has been filled, a report file callled ordinary_kriging.not is produced.
Page 50 of 104
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seta info2 seputar Mineral & Batubara.
17. Enter the information as shown, click Refresh and then click Apply.
The constrained and coloured block model for the QPY zone is displayed.
Note: To see all of the steps performed in this task run _05c_ordinary_kriging.tcl. You will need to
click Apply on any forms presented.
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Block Model Reporting Task: Create a Block Model Report
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Block Model Reporting Task: Create a Block Model Report
Note: The report can be weighted by mass and, in this case, the specific gravity
attribute must be supplied.
Note: Grouping Attributes: The results can be grouped based on any attribute or Y, X,
Z. If you are grouping by more than one attribute then the order in which they are
specified will have a major influence on the format of the report. In the above example , if
the attribute GOLD is reported based on the cutoff values of 0;1;3;5;10;999 and these
cutoffs are to be reported on each 50m elevation range between 800 and 1100, you
would enter the Z value first, and the GOLD values second. The results will be divided into
50m rl ranges within which the numbers are split into grade ranges.
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Block Model Reporting Task: Create a Block Model Report
5. Open total_orebody1.not.
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Block Model Reporting Task: Create a Block Model Report
Note: To see all of the steps performed in this task, run _06_block_model_
reporting.tcl. You will need to click Apply on any forms presented.
Page 55 of 104
Creating Calculated Attributes Task: Create Calculated Attributes
1. Open training.mdl.
2. Choose Block Model > Display.
3. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
4. Choose View > Data view options > View by bearing and dip.
5. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
Page 56 of 104
Creating Calculated Attributes Task: Create Calculated Attributes
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Creating Calculated Attributes Task: Create Calculated Attributes
The constrained and coloured block model for the QPY zone is displayed.
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Creating Calculated Attributes Task: Create Calculated Attributes
14. Click a few blocks from the upper range to see that the top value for au_cut is now limited
to 20.
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Partial Percentage Reporting Task: Create Partial Percentage Report
How the percentage is calculated is very simple. With traditional constraints, the model is sub-
blocked down to the minimum block size, and then the inside/outside test is performed on the block
centroid. The partial percentage calculation takes it further. Rather than stopping at the minimum
block size, this function will sub-block further, depending on the Precision Factor that is entered. The
higher the Precision Factor the more times the block will be sub-blocked past the minimum block
size.
The function then performs the standard constraint on these smaller blocks, and counts the ones
that are inside and outside the constraint. This count becomes the percentage. The percentage is
always stored in the block at minimum block size. So it becomes a trade-off.
The higher the precision factor, the more precise the partial percentage calculation. However, many
more blocks are created for the higher precision factors, and so the function will be slower. For
example, a percentage calculation with a precision factor of 5 will create 4096 times the number of
blocks than a calculation at precision 1.
1. Open training.mdl.
2. Append bif1.dtm, qpy1.dtm, sand1.dtm into the main graphics layer.
Note: DTM’s are appended to a layer by holding down the control key while dragging
and dropping the DTMs into graphics.
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Partial Percentage Reporting Task: Create Partial Percentage Report
5. Choose Attributes > New to create a new attribute to store the partial percentage value.
6. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
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Partial Percentage Reporting Task: Create Partial Percentage Report
You will now give the new block attribute a value based on its position relative to the
orebody.
7. Choose Estimation > Partial Percentage.
8. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
Note: It is possible to use a string, DTM surface, 3D model or several other options for
constraint to apply.
The results are a partial percentage volume calculation for the blocks along the edge of
the orebody.
The precision option determines how many times the block will be split into smaller
blocks for testing to see if it is in or out of the constraint. As an example, a precision of 2
would split the block into two parts in each direction, almost as if it were sub blocking,
and then testing these smaller blocks against the DTM surface. A precision of 3 would
split the blocks 3 times in each direction, and so on. The larger the precision value the
longer the process will take.
Saving a partial percentage result to a file allows it to be used again without the need for
running the estimation function. It also allows for several variables to be filled at one
time.
Once completed, a report can be generated to give the volume in the orebody. This is
done by using the partial attribute as a weighting attribute.
You will now generate two reports to see the difference, once without making use of the
partial attribute, and then a second time using the partial attribute as a weighting field.
9. Select Block model > Report.
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Partial Percentage Reporting Task: Create Partial Percentage Report
This will generate a report for the volume without making use of the partially filled blocks.
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Partial Percentage Reporting Task: Create Partial Percentage Report
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Partial Percentage Reporting Task: Create Partial Percentage Report
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Partial Percentage Reporting Task: Create Partial Percentage Report
Note: Make sure that this time you click the checkbox to keep the blocks partially in
the constraint at the bottom.
The report is displayed.
You should see that the difference between the two reports in terms of volume is about
0.6%, and in terms of the gold content, 0.4 in true value (or 5.2% of the grade). If the
blocks were larger (eg. 20x20x20) partial percentages would show a greater effect on the
result.
17. Choose Block model > Save.
Page 66 of 104
Partial Percentage Reporting Task: Create Partial Percentage Report
Note: To see all of the steps performed in this task run _08_partial_percentages.tcl. You will need
to click Apply on any forms presented.
Page 67 of 104
Model Reblocking Task: Perform Model Reblocking
Model Reblocking
Model Reblocking
Task: Perform Model Reblocking
In Surpac you can create a new model with different block sizes from those in the current model by
re-blocking.
In this example, you will reblock the model in all 3 directions.
1. Open training.mdl.
2. Choose Block model > Reblock.
3. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
The model training_reblock is created with the specified block size and becomes the
active model.
4. Choose Block model > Summary.
Page 68 of 104
Model Reblocking Task: Perform Model Reblocking
The model summary is displayed. Notice that the new block size is 20 x 20 x 10.
Note: To see all of the steps performed in this task run _09_model_reblocking.tcl. You will need
to click Apply on any forms presented.
Page 69 of 104
Column Processing Task: Perform Model Reblocking
Column Processing
In this section you will take an existing block model and use Surpac's block model column processing
functions to evaluate the economics of the block model.
The data is a block model containing only one attribute, grade, and a DTM representing surface
topography.
Workflow
Page 70 of 104
Column Processing Task: View the Data
4. Choose View > Data view options > View by bearing and dip.
5. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
Page 71 of 104
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belakang yg berkiprah di ranah mineral & batubara.
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ilmu2 tambang, TO/JO, jual-beli hasil tambang, jual-sewa Peralatan, safety & transportasi
tambang, event2 pertambangan, jasa konsultan/drilling/survey/maping/geologi, lowker
seta info2 seputar Mineral & Batubara.
7. Enter the information as shown, click Refresh, and then click Apply.
10. Choose View > Data view options > View by bearing and dip.
11. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
Page 72 of 104
Column Processing Task: View the Data
The blocks in this model are 35 metres in the x and y dimensions and 3 metres high.
Because the vertical extent of this model is limited compared to the horizontal extent,
you will vertically exaggerate this model by a factor of 5.
12. Choose View > Data view options > View scale factors.
13. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
After exaggerating the model five times, to get the view at a bearing of 330 degrees and a
dip of -20 degrees, you need to set the View by Bearing function to a dip of -4; the dip you
want divided by the vertical exaggeration.
14. Choose View > Data view options > View by bearing and dip.
15. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
Page 73 of 104
Column Processing Task: View the Data
You will now slice the model to see the internal structure.
17. In the Layers pane, right-click on the layer blocktopo1.dtm and choose Delete layer.
18. Choose View > Zoom > All.
This moves the data back to plan view
19. Click the Define section icon .
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Column Processing Task: View the Data
20. Enter the information as shown below on the Section Method tab.
21. Enter the information as shown on the Section Block Model tab, and then click Apply.
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Column Processing Task: Classify Blocks into Ore and Waste
22. Click the Next section icon to view the following sections (there are 5).
You should now have a good idea of how the block model looks and are ready to start
the economic modelling process.
23. Choose Block model > Close
24. Click Exit graphics .
Note: To see all of the steps performed in this task run _10_viewing_the_data.tcl. You will need
to click Apply on any forms presented.
Classify Blocks
Task: Classify Blocks into Ore and Waste
1. Open blockmodel.mdl.
2. Choose Column processing > Column tops.
3. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
Page 76 of 104
Column Processing Task: Classify Blocks into Ore and Waste
This will search down through the block model extracting a point at the top of the first
block in each column where the grade is greater than 8.
The result will be a string file called top_cutoff1.str. The nominal value above top value
from the Tops of columns form is the default elevation which will be assigned if no blocks
in the column satisfy the constraint. As a rule of thumb, when extracting upper surfaces,
the nominal z elevation should be set to an elevation below your model and when
extracting lower surfaces it should be set to an elevation above your model.
5. Choose Column processing > Column tops.
6. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
This time the search is in the Z direction (positive Z is up) and the nominal elevation is set
to 400.
7. Enter the information as shown below, and then click Apply.
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Column Processing Task: Classify Blocks into Ore and Waste
You will now use the string files top_cutoff1.str and bot_cutoff1.str to create DTMs.
8. Choose Surfaces > DTM File functions > Create DTM from string file.
9. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
10. Choose Surfaces > DTM File functions > Create DTM from string file.
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Column Processing Task: Classify Blocks into Ore and Waste
14. Choose View > Data view options > View scale factors.
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Column Processing Task: Classify Blocks into Ore and Waste
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Column Processing Task: Classify Blocks into Ore and Waste
19. Click the blockmodel button on the status bar at the bottom of the screen.
A popup menu appears.
21. Click the blockmodel button on the status bar at the bottom of the screen and choose
Display from the popup menu.
Page 81 of 104
Column Processing Task: Classify Blocks into Ore and Waste
Page 82 of 104
Column Processing Task: Classify Blocks into Ore and Waste
Note: You are specifying minimum mining thicknesses of ore and waste of 6 metres
and a cutoff grade of 8. This function classifies blocks as ORE or WASTE according to a
cutoff grade and minimum thickness criteria.
Page 83 of 104
Column Processing Task: Classify Blocks into Ore and Waste
Note: It is very important that this function be applied using the above constraint. This
way no outlying sub-grade waste blocks will be included in the top or bottom ore layers.
This constraint file is saved for future processing.
A summary is shown below.
You will now colour the model on the ore_waste_flag attribute. Ensure you are viewing
only the blocks within your new constraint file - top_bot_cutoff.con.
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Column Processing Task: Classify Blocks into Ore and Waste
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Column Processing Task: Classify Blocks into Ore and Waste
35. Click the down arrow on row 1 to bring up the Colour chooser.
36. Click the Crayola tab, type in blue and then click OK.
Page 86 of 104
Column Processing Task: Classify Blocks into Ore and Waste
40. Click the toggle display polygon & triangle edges icon to turn edges off.
This will colour the model as shown:
Note that the minimum mining thickness of 6 metres (2 blocks in elevation) has been
taken into account.
Page 87 of 104
Column Processing Task: Classify Blocks into Ore and Waste
41. Choose Display > View attributes for one block and click on a block to select it.
The composite grade will be reported. This is the average grade for all contiguous ore or
waste blocks in that column. If you select a block above or below this block in the same
layer, it will have the same composite grade. All ore layers have a composite grade greater
than 8 and all waste layers have a composite grade less than 8. You will now display waste
blocks only so you can see their distribution in the model.
42. Choose Constraints > New graphical constraint.
43. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
Note: To see all of the steps performed in this task run _11_classify_blocks.tcl. You will need to
click Apply on any forms presented.
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Column Processing Task: Calculate Dilution & Reduction
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Column Processing Task: Calculate Dilution & Reduction
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Column Processing Task: Calculate Recoverable Product
Note: To see all of the steps performed in this task run _12_dilution_and_reduction.tcl. You will
need to click Apply on any forms presented.
Recoverable Product
Task: Calculate Recoverable Product
1. Open blockmodel.mdl.
2. Choose Estimation > Assign value.
3. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
This will assign those blocks above the top of our ore, and below the topography (ie. the
overburden) blocks to waste.
5. Click Yes.
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Column Processing Task: Calculate Recoverable Product
Note: Before you run the Recoverable product function, you should add the attributes
which will store the results of this function.
The attributes do not have to be added ahead of time in this function. If the attributes
specified to store the results do not exist, they will be created.
However it is a better practice to add them first for two reasons:
l If they are added by the function, they are created as real attributes and not
floats and therefore will require double the storage space.
l You have control of the background values when adding them yourself. For
Unlike most other attributes, the ratio attributes are given a high background value. A
high value of the ratio of volume to product denotes less economic material. You will be
searching for the first value below a certain value. If you picked a low background value,
when searching for the first block below a certain value using the column tops function,
you would always find the top or bottom of the model because this is outside of our
constraint and so remains at the background value.
8. Choose Column processing > Recoverable product.
9. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
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Column Processing Task: Calculate Recoverable Product
Note: You would expect an ore layer with only a small amount of overlying waste to
have a lower individual ratio than an ore layer with a higher thickness of overlying waste.
Also, you would expect the uppermost ore layer to have the same value for the individual
and cumulative ratios.
10. Choose Block model > Display.
11. Choose View > Data view options > View by bearing and dip.
12. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
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Column Processing Task: Calculate Recoverable Product
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Column Processing Task: Calculate Recoverable Product
The final steps of the process are to extract and create surfaces representing the top and
bottom of economic ore. The bottom of economic ore will be a surface created when
searching up through the model, using the Column Tops function, for the first block
where both individual and cumulative ratios are below a cutoff ratio. For this exercise you
will use a cutoff ratio of 12.
21. Choose Column processing > Column tops.
22. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
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Column Processing Task: Calculate Recoverable Product
24. Choose Surfaces > DTM File functions > Create DTM from string file.
25. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
26. Click and drag bot_ore12.dtm from the Navigator into graphics.
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Column Processing Task: Calculate Recoverable Product
The top of the ore will simply be the first occurrence of ore searching down through the
model (ie. the ore_waste_flag =1). If this ore is not economic, as in the southwest of the
model, it will be excluded by the fact that the economic bottom of ore is at an elevation of
400 here. This is a reason why the nominal values are important when using the Column
Tops functions.
28. Choose Column processing > Column tops.
29. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
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Column Processing Task: Calculate Recoverable Product
31. Choose Surfaces > DTM File functions > Create DTM from string file.
32. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
A block model report can now be generated to calculate volume, tons, average grade and
recoverable product of the economic ore.
33. Choose Block Model > Report.
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Column Processing Task: Calculate Recoverable Product
Note: Right-click on the “a” in the first row to add another row to the table.
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Column Processing Task: Calculate Recoverable Product
Note: To see all of the steps performed in this task run _13_recoverable_product.tcl. You will
need to click Apply on any forms presented.
Thicknesses
Task: Calculate Column Thickness
1. Open blockmodel.mdl.
2. Choose Column processing > Thickness.
3. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
Deskipsi: Graha Minerba Nusantara adl 'rumah' bg insan pertambangan dr beragam latar
belakang yg berkiprah di ranah mineral & batubara.
Media unt mewartakan: Aktifitas pertambangan Minerba dari pra-pasca tambang serta
dari hulu-hilir. UU/peraturan, materi, tutorial, news letter, artikel, berita/isyu, cerita2,
ilmu2 tambang, TO/JO, jual-beli hasil tambang, jual-sewa Peralatan, safety & transportasi
tambang, event2 pertambangan, jasa konsultan/drilling/survey/maping/geologi, lowker
seta info2 seputar Mineral & Batubara.
Note: In the resultant string file, String 1 contains the ore thickness and average
diluted grade in the first and second description fields. There is also a string 2 in this file
which contains the thickness of all other material (in this case this represents interburden
thickness) and the average diluted_grade. String 2 must be deleted from this file before
you can create a DTM of ore thicknesses and grades, or the values from string 1 and 2 will
be averaged when creating the DTM - giving you meaningless results.
5. Open ore_thickness12.strin Graphics.
6. Choose Edit > String > Delete range and delete string 2 from ore_thickness12.str.
7. Choose Surfaces > DTM file functions > Create DTM from string file.
Note: To see all of the steps performed in this task run _14_thicknesses.tcl. You will need to click
Apply on any forms presented.