SANTOS, MICO GREGOREY DC.

NBC2

DRUG STUDY

NAME OF THE MECHANISM OF INDICATION ADVERSE REACTION NURSING IMPLICATIONS

DRUG ACTION
Interferes with  Moderate to CNS: headache, Patient monitoring:

Generic Name: bacterial cell- severe hyperactivity, hypertonia,

Cefuroxime wall synthesis infections, seizures ● Monitor patient for life-

and division by including those threatening

Brand Name: binding to cell of skin, bone, GI: nausea, vomiting, adverse effects, including

Ceftin wall, causing joints, diarrhea, anaphylaxis,

cell to die. urinary or abdominal pain, dyspepsia, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and

Pharmacologic Active against respiratory pseudomembranous colitis pseudomembranous colitis.

Class: gram-negative and tract, ● Monitor neurologic status,

Second- gram-positive gynecologic GU: hematuria, vaginal particularly for signs of

generation bacteria, with infections candidiasis, impending

cephalosporin expanded activity  Gonorrhea renal dysfunction, acute seizures.

against gram- renal failure ● Monitor kidney and liver

 Bacterial
negative function
Therapeutic bacteria. meningitis Hematologic: hemolytic test results and intake and

Class: Anti- Exhibits minimal anemia, output.

infective immunosuppressant  Otitis media aplastic anemia,

activity hemorrhage ● Monitor CBC with differential

 Pharyngitis;
Dose: 500 mg and
tonsillitis
Hepatic: hepatic prothrombin time; watch for signs

Frequency: dysfunction and

BID symptoms of blood dyscrasias.

Metabolic: hyperglycemia

Route: Oral ● Monitor temperature; watch for

Skin: toxic epidermal signs and symptoms of

necrolysis, erythema superinfection.

multiforme, Stevens-

Johnson Patient teaching

syndrome

● Advise patient to immediately

Other: allergic reaction, report

drug fever, rash or bleeding tendency.

superinfection, ● Instruct patient to take drug

anaphylaxis with
 food every 12 hours as prescribed.

● Teach patient how to recognize

signs

and symptoms of superinfection.

Instruct him to report these right

away.

● Advise patient to report CNS

changes.

DRUG MECHANISM OF INDICATION SIDE EFFECTS NSG. CONSIDERATIONS

ACTION
Generic Name: Hydrocortisone is Nausea, heartburn, headache, • Determine whether
Hydrocortisone an adrenocorticoid  Severe dizziness, menstrual period patient is sensitive to
with both inflammation, changes, trouble sleeping, other corticosteroids.
glucocorticoid and adrenal increased sweating, or acne • Most adverse reactions
Brand Name: mineralocorticoid may occur.  to corticosteroids are
Cortef properties. It’s a insufficiency. dose- or duration-
weak anti- hydrocortisone ADVERSE EFFECTS: dependent.
inflammatory but a Shock (other than Unusual tiredness, • For better results and
Therapeutic potent adrenal crisis). swelling ankles/feet, unusual less toxicity, give a
weight gain, vision problems, easy
Class: mineralocorticoid, hydrocortisone bruising/bleeding, puffy face,
once-daily dose in
Adrenocorticoid having potency sodium phosphate unusual hair growth, mental/mood morning.
similar to that of  Life-threatening changes (such as depression, mood • Give oral dose with food
cortisone and shock. swings, agitation), when possible. Patient may
Dosage: 100mg twice that of hydrocortisone muscle weakness/pain, need medication to prevent
thinning skin, slow wound healing,
prednisone. sodium succinate.  bone pain, symptoms
GI irritation.
Hydrocortisone (or  Adjunctive of stomach/intestinal bleeding • Salt formulations aren’t
Route: cortisone) is treatment of (such as stomach/abdominal pain, interchangeable.
Intravenous usually the drug ulcerative colitis black/tarry stools, vomit that • Give I.M. injection
of choice for looks like coffee grounds). deeply into gluteal
and proctitis.
replacement hydrocortisone.  muscle. Rotate injection
Frequency: therapy in sites to prevent muscle
patients with CONTRAINDICATIONS: atrophy. Avoid S.C.
adrenal Contraindicated in injection because atrophy
insufficiency. patients allergic to any and sterile abscesses may
It’s usually not component of the occur.
used for formulation, in those • Injectable forms aren’t
immunosuppressive with systemic fungal used for alternate-day
activity because infections, and in therapy.
of the extremely premature infants (with • Always adjust to lowest
large doses needed hydrocortisone sodium effective dose.
and unwanted succinate).
mineralocorticoid
effects.
 

DRUG MECHANISM OF INDICATION SIDE EFFECTS NSG. CONSIDERATIONS

ACTION
Generic Name: Ranitidine  Duodenal and  stomach pain, loss of • When giving drug by I.V.
Ranitidine competitively gastric ulcer appetite; push, dilute to a total
inhibits the (short-term  dark urine, jaundice volume of 20 ml and inject
(yellowing of the skin or
action of treatment over 5 minutes. No dilution
eyes);
histamine at pathologic hyper  fever, chills, cough with
is needed for I.M. use. Drug
Brand Name: Zantac H2-receptors secretory mucus, chest pain, feeling also may be given by
in gastric conditions such as short of breath; intermittent I.V. infusion.
parietal Zollinger-Ellison  fast or slow heart rate; Dilute 50 mg ranitidine in
cells. This syndrome.   easy bruising or bleeding; 100 ml of D5W and infuse over
Therapeutic Class: reduces basal  Maintenance or 15 to 20 minutes.
Antiulcerative and nocturnal therapy in  problems with your skin or • Patients with impaired
gastric acid hair. renal function may need
duodenal or benign
 headache (may be severe);
secretion as gastric ulcer. dosage adjustment.
 drowsiness, dizziness;
Dosage: 50mg well as that  Prevention of • Dialysis removes
 sleep problems (insomnia);
caused by stress ulcer. ranitidine; administer drug
 decreased sex drive,
histamine,  Gastroesophageal impotence, or difficulty after treatment.
Route: Intravenous food, amino reflux disease having an orgasm; or • Ranitidine may cause
acids,  Erosive  swollen or tender breasts false-positive results in
insulin, and esophagitis.  (in men); urine protein tests using
Frequency: Penta  nausea, vomiting, stomach Multistix.
 Self-medication pain; or
gastrin. for relief of • Debilitated patients may
 diarrhea, constipation. experience reversible
occasional
heartburn, acid confusion, agitation,
ADVERSE EFFECTS: depression, and
indigestion, and
sour stomach. hallucinations.
 Abnormal Heart Rhythm • Assess patient for
CONTRAINDICATIONS:  Abnormal Liver abdominal pain. Note
Contraindicated in Function Tests presence of blood in emesis,
patients hypersensitive  Acute Inflammation of stool, or gastric aspirate.
to drug and in those the Pancreas
with a history of acute  Agitation
porphyria. Use  Atrioventricular
cautiously in patients Block, A Type of Slow
with impaired renal or Heart Rhythm Disorder
hepatic function.  Blurred Vision
 Bronchospasm
 Confusion
 Decreased Blood
 Platelets
 Depression
 Erythema Multiform, A
Type of Allergic Skin
Reaction
 Extra Heartbeats
 Fast Heartbeat
 Fever
 Hallucinations

DRUG MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATION SIDE EFFECTS NSG. CONSIDERATIONS

Generic Name: Ondansetron is used to  Prevention of nausea  Headache. • Drug may be
Ondansetron prevent nausea and and vomiting caused  Fatigue. administered I.V.
vomiting caused by cancer by initial and repeat undiluted over 2 to 5
 Constipation.
chemotherapy, radiation courses of melogenic minutes.
Brand Name: Zofran therapy, and  Diarrhea. • For infusion,
chemotherapy
surgery. Ondansetron is including high-dose  Dizziness. dilute drug in 50 ml
in a class of medications cisplatin.  Rash. of compatible
called serotonin 5- chemotherapy.  Hiccups. solution and infuse
Therapeutic Class: HT3 receptor antagonists.  Prevention of  Flushing. over 15 minutes.
It works by blocking the radiation-induced • Ondansetron is
action of serotonin, a nausea and vomiting. ADVERSE EFFECTS: stable at room
natural substance that  Prevention of temperature for 48
Dosage: 8 MG may cause nausea and postoperative nausea hours after dilution
vomiting.  Decrease in with normal saline
and vomiting.  the frequency solution, D5W, 5%
Route: Intravenous of urination dextrose and normal
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
Contraindicated in  decrease in saline solution, 5%
patients hypersensitive to the urine dextrose and half-
drug. Use cautiously in volume normal saline, or 3%
Frequency: patients with hepatic  difficulty saline.
failure. Orally with passing • Monitor liver
disintegrating tablet urine function tests if
contains aspartame; use (dribbling) giving repeated
cautiously in patients  painful doses.
with phenylketonuria. urination • For patients
undergoing abdominal
surgery, watch for
ileus, gastric
distention, or both.
 DRUG MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATION SIDE EFFECTS NSG. CONSIDERATIONS
Generic Name: Iron combines with   Constipation, diarrhea, stoma • Drug may be taken with meals
Ferrous porphyrin and globin  Iron ch cramps, or upset to minimize GI effects; maximum
stomach may occur. These
Sulfate chains to form deficiency.  effects are usually temporary
absorption will occur if drug
hemoglobin, which is  Prevent and may disappear as your is taken between meals.
critical for oxygen low blood levels body adjusts to • Ferrous sulfate blackens
Brand Name: delivery from the of iron (such as this medication.  feces and may interfere with
those caused
Feosol lungs to other by anemia or pregn
tests for occult blood in the
tissues. Iron deficien ancy). ADVERSE EFFECTS: stool; the guaiac test and Orth
cy causes a microcytic CONTRAINDICATIONS: toluidine test may yield false-
anemia due to the Serious allergic positive results, but the
Contraindicated in reaction: rash, itching/swell
Therapeutic formation of small patients receiving benzamine test is usually not
ing (especially of the
Class: erythrocytes with repeated blood face/tongue/throat), affected.
hematinic insufficient transfusions and in severe dizziness, trouble • Iron overload may decrease
hemoglobin. those with breathing. uptake of technetium 99m and
hemosiderosis, thus interfere with skeletal
primary imaging.
Dosage: 1tab hemochromatosis, • Drug may cause dark-colored
hemolytic anemia stools.
unless iron • Drug may stain teeth.
deficiency anemia is • Instruct patient not to crush
Route: Oral also present, peptic or chew extended-release forms.
ulceration, • Explain that patient may mix
ulcerative colitis, liquid forms in water or juice
Frequency: or regional and may drink through a straw.
Twice a day enteritis. Use
cautiously on long-
term basis.
 FDAR

F- Anxiety

D-States he does not want to sit with or talk to other; they frighten him; stay in room alone unless
strongly encouraged to come out; no group involvement; at times listens to group conversation from a
distance, but does not interact; some hypervigilance and scanning noted.

A-Encourage patient to share thoughts and feelings, promote calm quiet environment, encourage and
foster patient’s interaction with support systems.

R-Cooperative with therapy; still acts uncomfortable in the presence of the group of people; accepted
positive feedback from nurse.

F- Altered Tissue Perfusion

D- Received patient awake lying on bed, conversant, oriented t her surroundings, with signs of
distress at this moment, pain in her lower abdomen with a pain scale of 8/10, she was not able to walk
by herself since she was admitted in the hospital.

A- Vital signs checked and taken, discuss treatment alternatives, administer pain medication as
prescribed, demonstrated/ encourage use of relaxation activities, review dietary restriction refer to
local support group so that she can interact with cancer survivors.

R- Recipient to the given health teaching. Pain scale drop to 6/10 from 8/10
REFERENCES:
https://nurseslabs.com/anxiety/

https://www.drugs.com/ferrous_sulfate.html

https://www.drugs.com/ondansetron.html

https://www.drugs.com/ranitidine.html

https://www.rxlist.com/consumer_hydrocortisone/drugs-condition.htm

https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-18423/cefuroxime-sodium-intravenous/details