Bacteria are a type of biological cell they constitute a

large domain of prokaryotic micro-organism

CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA:

The bacteria are basically classified on the basis of cell,

cell wall, flagella, nutritions and morphology. The
physical stage on classification of bacteria are
A. Base on shape: Bacteria are classified into four
major groups types.

a) Mono cocci: They are also called micro-

coccus and represented by single discrete round
cell
Example: Micrococcus flaws

b) Diplo coccus: The cell diplo coccus are

divided in a particular plane and after division
this cell remain attached to each other
Example: Diplococcus pnuemoniae

c)Streptococcus: The cell division in streptococcus

occurs along a single exist. They grow from pairs
and chains and remains attached to each other
Example: streptococcus pyogenr

d) Tetra coccus: They divided into two planes

and live in groups or four
Example: gaffyko tetragena

e) Staphylo coccus: The cell divided in three

plants cell forming a structure like braches of
groups or irregular configuration
 Example: staphylo coccus aureus

f) Sarcina: In this stage the cell are divided into 8 or

16 cells, but they have a regular shape
Example: sarcina lautae

B. Bacilli: this are rod shape or cylindrical bacteria

which remain single or its pairs example: bacillus
aureus
C. Vibrio: the vibrio are curved comma shape
bacteria and represented by a single genus example:
vibrio cholera

D. Spirilla: this type of bacteria are spiral or spring

shape example: spirillium

2.base on the cell wall: depending upon the staining

reaction by gram stains bacteria can be classified into
two types
a) Gram positive bacteria: this types of bacteria
retains crystal violet colour which appear violet
example: streptococcus
b) Gram negative bacteria: they do not retain gram
stains but they but they take of the red colour of the
counter stain example: Escherichia coli(e.coli)
3.based on the temperature: base on temperature
bacteria are classified into four major types:
a) Psychrophilic: this types of bacteria grows above
the freezing temperature, they can cause
contamination of food store in refrigerator,
Example pseudomonas
 b) Mesophilic bacteria: this types of bacteria grows
at normal temperature in the water bodies food,
product can cause changes in texture
Example; lecto bacillus.

c)Thernophylic: this type of bacteria can survive

pasteurization, but cannot grow micro coccus, streto
coccus.
4.base on the nutritions; on the basis of nutrition,
bacteria are classified into two types
a) Autotrophic bacteria: This bacteria are non
phatogenic free living sustaining in nature, which
prepare their own food by utilization of solar engery.
They are two types:
1) Photo auto trophs: These bacteria contains
bacteria chorophyle and can prepare their own
food by the utilization of solar engery.
2) Chemo autotrophs: These are the bacteria
which prepare their own food by deriving the
energy from oxidation of inorganic substance.
B. Hetotrophic bacteria: These type of bacteria cannot fix
inorganic carbon but rather depend on external organic
carbon for their nouristnent
5. Bases of number of flagella: On the basis of flagella,
bacteria can be classified into five major types
1) Atrichos
2) Monotrichous
3) Lophotrichous
4) Amphitrichous
5) Petrichous
A. Atrichos: these bacteria have no flagella
Example: corynebacterium diptherae

B. Monotrichous: One flagella is attached to one end

of the bacteria cell
Example: vibrio c

C. Lophotrichous: Such of flagella is attached to one

end of the bacteria cell
Example: pseudomonas

D. Amphitrichous: Branch of flagella arishing from

both end of bacteria cell

E.Peritrichous: These flagella are evently distributed

surrounding the entire bacteria cell
Example: bacillus