Design Criteria Page 1 of 22

WIND LOAD ANALYSIS

REFERENCE CODE
National Structural Code of the Philippines, Vol. 1 2015 Edition
LIMITATIONS
This program is BASED only on SECTION 207C of NSCP 2015 which discusses about Envelope
Procedure for Enclosed and Partially Enclosed Low-Rise Buildings and is ALSO
APPLICABLE to MAIN WIND FORCE RESISTING SYSTEM (MWFRS) of ENCLOSE SIMPLE
DIAPHRAGM BUILDING LESS THAN 18 m in HEIGHT (PART 1)

STEPS TO DETERMINE WIND LOADS ON MWFRS ON LOW RISE BUILDINGS

STEP 1
Check occupancy category as per Table 103-1
STEP 2
Determine basic wind speed, V, for the applicable risk category, see Fig. 207.1.5-1A,B
or C.
STEP 3
Determine Wind Load Parameters:
3.1 Wind Directionality Factor, Kd, see Section 207 A.6 and Table 207 A.6-1
3.2 Exposure Category B,C or D, see Section 207 A.7
3.3 Topograhic Factor, Kzt, see Section 207 A.8 and Table 207 A.8-1
3.4 Enclosure Classification, see Section 207 A.10
3.5 Internal Pressure Coefficient, GCpi, see Section 207 A.11 and Table 207 A.11-1
STEP 4
Determine Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficients, Kz (or Kh) , see Table 207 C.3-1
STEP 5
Determine Velocity Pressure, Qz (or Qh) , see Equation 207 C.3-1
STEP 6
Determine External Pressure Coefficients, Qcpf , using Figure 207 C.4-1 for flat and
gable roofs
NOTE: See Commentary Figure C207 C.4.1 for guidance on hip roofs.
STEP 7
Compute for Design Wind Pressure ,p,for Low-Rise Building
NOTE: See Commentary Figure C207 C.4.1 for guidance on hip roofs.

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--------------------------PROGRAM START--------------------------
PROGRAM NOTES

--> INPUT DATA CLEAR INPUT

-->DON'T TOUCH, AUTOMATIC DATA INPUT DATA

Occupancy Category
Check Occupancy Category Table 103-1 [CLICK HERE]
I ESSENTIAL FACILITIES

Basic Wind Speed

Determine basic wind speed, V, for the applicable risk category, see Fig. 207.1.5-1A [CLICK HERE]
Please refer to NSCP Fig. 2071.5-1B/1C

REGION MAIN PROVINCE BASIC WIND SPEED

MIMAROPA Oriental Mindoro 250 Kph or 69.444444 m/s

Wind Load Parameters

3.1 Wind Directionality Factor, Kd = 0.85
See Section 207 A.6 and Table 207 A.6-1[CLICK HERE]
3.2 Exposure Category C
See Section 207A.7.2 & 207A.7.3 [CLICK HERE]
3.3 Topograhic Factor, Kzt = 1

Wind Speed-Up Effect Consideration

Is the location of the structure to be built satisfies the
NO
conditions as per Section 207A.8.1 stated below?

The hill, ridge, or escarpment is isolated and unobstructed upwind by other similar topograpic
features of comparable height for 100 times the height of the topographics feature (100H) or 3.2
1
km, whichever is less. The distance shall be measured horizontally from the point at which the
height H of he hill, ridge or escarpment is determined.

The hill, ridge, or escarpment protrudes above the height of any upwind terrain features within a 3.2
2
km radius in any quadrant by a factor of two or more?

The structure is located as shown in Fig. 207A.8-1 in the upper one-half of a hill or ridge or near the
3
crest of an escarpment?

4 H/Lh ≥ 0.2

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5 H is greater than or equal to 4.5 m for Exposure C and D and 18 m for Exposure B

If Yes, See Section 207 A.8 and Table 207 A.8-1 of NSCP 2015 and compute
for it first and write the value here ------------------------>

3.4 Enclosure Classification, Enclosed Building

See Section 207A.10[CLICK HERE] PROGRAM IS NOT APPLICABLE!

3.5 Internal Pressure Coefficient, Gcpi = 0.18 & -0.18

See Section 207 A.11 and Table 207 A.11-1 [CLICK HERE]

Structure Details
Wind Speed,V 250 kph
Total height above the ground, z 8.85 m
Total ht. from above the ground to the bottom of the roof 6.6 m
Mean Roof Height, h 7.725 m
Horizontal Dimension Parallel to Wind Direction, L 81 m
Horizontal Dimension Normal to Wind Direction, B 18 m
Roof Angle, θ 14 Deg.

Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient

See Table 207 C.3-1 and Table 207A.9-1
Two methods to solve this, by linear interpolation and by equation

At FULL height At MEAN ROOF height

8.85 7.725

Linear Interpolation
Exposure Category C

HT. above ground level, z Velocity Pressure Velocity Pressure Exposure

Exposure Coefficient, Kz/kh Coefficient,
m
0 0.85 Kz
4.6 0.85
0.97
6.1 0.9

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7.6 0.9
9.1 0.98 Velocity Pressure Exposure
12.2 1.04 Coefficient,
15.2 1.09 Kh
18 1.13
0.91

EQUATION
Exposure Category C Velocity Pressure Exposure Velocity Pressure Exposure
α 9.5 Coefficient, Coefficient,
zg 274.32 Kz Kh

0.98 0.95

Velocity Pressure
General Equation as per 207C.3.2

qz = 0.613 Kz Kzt Kd V2

Velocity pressure at full height, qz = 2451.26 Pa

qh = 0.613 Kh Kzt Kd V2

Velocity pressure at mean height, qh = 2382.1 Pa

External Pressure Coefficients

Fig. 207C.4-1 External pressure coefficient on Low-Rise walls and Roofs Enclose, Partially
Enclosed Buildings less than or equal to 18 m.

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LOAD CASE A
Fig. 207C.4-1: External pressure coefficient on Low-Rise walls and Roofs Enclose, Partially
Enclosed Buildings less than or equal to 18 m.

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GCpf COEFFICIENT ON BUILDING SURFACE LOAD CASE A

ROOF
ANGLE, θ 1 2 3 4 1E 2E 3E 4E
*(0-5) 5 0.4 -0.69 -0.37 -0.29 0.61 -1.07 -0.53 -0.43
20 0.53 -0.69 -0.48 -0.43 0.8 -1.07 -0.69 -0.64
*(30-45) 45 0.56 0.21 -0.43 -0.37 0.69 0.27 -0.53 -0.48
90 0.56 0.56 -0.37 -0.37 0.69 0.69 -0.48 -0.48

PROGRAM NOTES
Linear Interpolation
Just copy paste the where the values you need for automatic interpolation.
For example, if your roof angle is 14 degrees, copy paste the GCpf coefficient of 0-5 & 20

GCpf COEFFICIENT ON BUILDING SURFACE LOAD CASE A

ROOF
ANGLE, θ 1 2 3 4 1E 2E 3E 4E
5 0.4 -0.69 -0.37 -0.29 0.61 -1.07 -0.53 -0.43
20 0.53 -0.69 -0.48 -0.43 0.8 -1.07 -0.69 -0.64
14 0.48 -0.69 -0.44 -0.37 0.72 -1.07 -0.63 -0.56

Calculated Wind Pressure

p = qh [(GCpf) - (Gcpi)]

GCpi Wind Pressure in KPa

1 2 3 4 1E 2E 3E 4E
0.18 0.71 -2.07 -1.47 -1.32 1.30 -2.98 -1.92 -1.75
-0.18 1.57 -1.21 -0.61 -0.46 2.15 -2.12 -1.06 -0.90

LOAD CASE B
Fig. 207C.4-1(CONT.): External pressure coefficient on Low-Rise walls and Roofs Enclose, Partially
Enclosed Buildings less than or equal to 18 m.

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GCpf COEFFICIENT ON BUILDING SURFACE LOAD CASE B

ROOF
ANGLE, θ 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 -90 -0.45 -0.69 -0.37 -0.45 0.40 -0.29

GCpf COEFFICIENT ON BUILDING SURFACE LOAD CASE B

ROOF
ANGLE, θ 1E 2E 3E 4E 5E 6E
0 -90 0.48 -1.07 -0.53 -0.48 0.61 -0.43

Calculated Wind Pressure

p = qh [(GCpf) - (Gcpi)]

GCpi Wind Pressure in KPa

1 2 3 4 5 6
0.18 -1.50 -2.07 -1.31 -1.50 0.52 -1.12
-0.18 -0.64 -1.21 -0.45 -0.64 1.38 -0.26

GCpi Wind Pressure in KPa

1E 2E 3E 4E 5E 6E
0.18 0.71 -2.98 -1.69 -1.57 1.02 -1.45
-0.18 1.57 -2.12 -0.83 -0.71 1.88 -0.60

As per section 207C.4.4 Minimum Design Wind Loads….

The wind load to be used in the design of theMWFRS for an enclosed or partially enclosed building
shall not be less than 0.77 kN/m2 multiplied by te wall area of the building and 0.38 kN/m2
multiplied by the roof area projected onto a vertical plane normal to the assumed wind direction.
[Therefore,double check the values with your wall areas]

Other wind design pressures to be considered and calculated…

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Cpi, see Section 207 A.11 and Table 207 A.11-1

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 Table 103-1 Occupancy Category

OCCUPANCY CATEGORY OCCUPANCY OR FUNCTION OF STRUCTURE

Surgery and Emergency Area

Fire and Police Stations
Garages and Shelters for Emergency Vehicles and Air
Structures and shelters in emergency preparedness centers,
Aviation control towers,
Structures and equipment in communication centers and other facilities required for emergency response,
I ESSENTIAL FACILITIES
Facilities for standby power-generating equipment for Category I structures,
Tanks or other structures containing housing or supporting water or other fire-suppression material or equipment required for the protection of Category I, II or III structures,
Public school buildings,
Hospitals,
Designated evacuation centers,
Power and communication transmission lines
Occupancies and structures housing or supporting toxic or explosive chemicals or substances,
II HAZARDOUS FACILITIES
Non-building structures storing, supporting or containing quantities of toxic or explosive substances,
Buildings with an assembly room with an occupant capacity of 1,000 or more,
Educational buildings such as museums, libraries, auditorium with a capacity of 300 or more occupants,
Buildings used for college or adult education with a capacity of 500 or more occupants,
SPECIAL OCCUPANCY
III Institutional buildings with 50 or more incapacitated patients, but not included in Category I,
STRUCTURES
Mental hospitals, sanitariums, jails, prisons and other buildings where personal liberties of inmates are similarly restrained,
All structures with an occupancy of 5,000 or more persons,
Structures and equipment in power-generating stations, and other public utility facilities not included in Category I or Category II, and required for continuous operation,
IV STANDARD OCCUPANCY STRUCTURES All structures housing occupancies or having functions not listed in Category I, II or III and Category V.
V MISCELLANEOUS STRUCTURES Private garages, carports, sheds and fences over 1.5 m high.

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 Figure 207A.5-1A Basic Wind Speeds for Occupancy Category III,IV and V Buildings and Other Structures

MAP OF THE PHILIPPINES BASIC WIND SPEED

BASIC WIND SPEED

REGION MAIN PROVINCE
(km/hr) (m/s)
Caloocan 270 75.00
Las Piñas 270 75.00
Makati 270 75.00
Malabon 270 75.00
Mandaluyong 270 75.00
Manila 270 75.00
Marikina 270 75.00
Muntinlupa 270 75.00
NCR Navotas 270 75.00
Parañaque 270 75.00
Pasay 270 75.00
Pasig 270 75.00
Pateros 270 75.00
Quezon City 270 75.00
San Juan 270 75.00
Taguig 270 75.00
Valenzuela 270 75.00
Dagupan 270 75.00
Ilocos Norte 290 80.56
I Ilocos Sur 280 77.78
La Union 270 75.00
Pangasinan 260 72.22
Abra 280 77.78
Apayao 300 83.33
Baguio 270 75.00
CAR Benguet 270 75.00
Ifugao 290 80.56
Kalinga 300 83.33
Mountain Province 300 83.33
Batanes 320 88.89
Cagayan 320 88.89
Isabela 320 88.89
II
Nueva Vizcaya 300 83.33
Quirino 300 83.33
Santiago 310 86.11
Angeles 260 72.22
Aurora 300 83.33
Bataan 250 69.44
Bulacan 280 77.78
III Nueva Ecija 290 80.56
Olongapo 250 69.44
Pampanga 270 75.00
Tarlac 260 72.22
Zambales 250 69.44
Batangas 260 72.22
Cavite 270 75.00
Laguna 280 77.78
IV
Lucena 270 75.00
Quezon 280 77.78

GO BACK Rizal
Marinduque
280
260
77.78
72.22
Occidental Mindoro 250 69.44
Oriental Mindoro 250 69.44
MIMAROPA
Palawan 230 63.89
Puerto Princesa 230 63.89
Romblon 260 72.22
Albay 300 83.33
Camarines Norte 300 83.33
Camarines Sur 300 83.33
V Catanduanes 320 88.89
Masbate 280 77.78
Naga 300 83.33
Sorsogon 310 86.11
Aklan 250 69.44
Antique 240 66.67
VI Capiz 250 69.44
Guimaras 240 66.67
Iloilo 260 72.22
Basilan 250 69.44
Lanao del Sur 270 75.00
ARMM Maguindanao 270 75.00
Sulu 250 69.44
Tawi-Tawi 250 69.44
Bacolod 260 72.22
NIR Negros Occidental 260 72.22
Negros Oriental 260 72.22
Bohol 280 77.78
VII Cebu 280 77.78
Siquijor 260 72.22
Biliran 300 83.33
Eastern Samar 320 88.89
Leyte 300 83.33
VIII
Northern Samar 320 88.89
Samar 310 86.11
Southern Leyte 300 83.33
Zamboanga del Nort 250 69.44
IX Zamboanga del Sur 250 69.44
Zamboanga Sibugay 250 69.44
Bukidnon 290 80.56
Cagayan de Oro 280 77.78
Camiguin 280 77.78
X Iligan 270 75.00
Lanao del Norte 270 75.00
Misamis Occidental 260 72.22
Misamis Oriental 290 80.56
Compostela Valley 300 83.33
Davao City[ 290 80.56
XI Davao del Norte 290 80.56
Davao del Sur 300 83.33
Davao Oriental 300 83.33
Cotabato 300 83.33
Cotabato City 300 83.33
General Santos 300 83.33
XII
Sarangani 290 80.56
South Cotabato 290 80.56
Sultan Kudarat 280 77.78
Agusan del Norte 300 83.33
Agusan del Sur 300 83.33
Butuan 300 83.33
XIII
Dinagat Islands 310 86.11
Surigao del Norte 310 86.11
Surigao del Sur 310 86.11
 Table 207 A.6-1 Wind Directionality Factor, Kd
Directionality
Structural Type Factor Kd*

Buildings
Main Wind Force Resisting Systems 0.85
Components and Cladding 0.85
Arched Roofs 0.85
Chimneys, Tanks, and Similar Structures
Square 0.90
Hexagonal 0.95
Round
0.95
Solid Signs 0.85
Open Signs and Lattice Framework 0.85

Trussed Towers
Triangular, square, rectangular 0.85
All other cross sections 0.95

*Directionality Factor Kd has been calibrated with combinations of

loads specified in Section 203. This factor shall only be applied when
used in conjunction with load combinations specified in Sections
203.3 and 203.4.

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SECTION 207 A.7.3 EXPOSURE CATEGORIES SECTION 207 A.7.2 Surface Roughness Categories

Exposure B: For buildings with a mean roof height of less than or equal to 9m, urban and suburban areas,
Exposure B shall apply where the ground surface roughness, as defined by B
the Surface Roughness B, prevails in the upwind direction for the disctance wooded areas,
greater than 450m. For building with a mean roof height greater than 9m, terrain with numerous closely spaced obstructionw having the size of single-family dwellings or larger.
Exposure B shall apply where the Surface Roughness B prevails in the open terrain with scattered obstructions having heights generally less than 9m
upwind direction for a distance greater than 7790m or 20times the height
of the building, whichever is greater. flat open country
C
grasslands
water surfaces in regions with records of extreme typhoons
flat
unobstructed areas
D water surfaces
Exposure C: Exposure C shall apply for all the cases where Exposures B or D do not smooth mud flats
apply. salt flats

Exposure D: Exposure D shall apply where the ground surface roughness, as defined by
Surface Roughness D, prevails in the upwind direction for a distance
greater than 1500m or 20 times the building height, whichever is greater.
Exposure D shall also apply where the ground surface roughness
immediately upwind of the site is exposure B or C, and the site is within a
disctance of 180m or 20 times the building height, whichever is greater,
from an Exposure D condition as defined in the previous sentence.

For a site located on the transition zone between exposure categories. The
category resultin in the largest wind forces shall be used.
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Section 207A.10

SECTION 207A.2 ENCLOSURE CATEGORY

Open Building Is a building having each wall at least 80% open.

This condition is expressed for each wall by the equation

Ao ≥ 0.84 Ag
Where,
Ao = Total area of openings in wall that receives positive external
pressure, in sq.m
Ag = The gross area of that wall in which Ao is indentified in sq.m

Partially Enclosed Building Is a building that complies with both of the following conditions:

1. The total area of openings in wall that receives positive external

pressure exceeds that sum of areas openings in the balance of the building
envelope (walls and roofs) by more than 10 % (Ao > 1.10 Ag)

2. The total of area of openings in wall that receives positive external

pressure exceeds 0.37 sq.m. or 1% of that area of that wall, whichever is
smaller, and the percentage of openings in the balance of the building
envelope does not exceed 20% (Ao > 0.37 sq.m or 0.01 Ag, whichever is
smaller , and Aoi/Agi ≤ 0.20)

Where,
Ao = Total area of openings in wall that receives positive external
pressure, in sq.m
Ag = The gross area of that wall in which Ao is indentified in sq.m
Aoi = the sum of areas of openings in the building envelope (walls and roof)
not including Ao, in sq.m
Agi = the sum of the gross surface areas of the building envelope (walls and
roof) not including Ag, in sq.m

Partially Enclosed Building Is a building that does not comply with the requirements for open or

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partially enclosed buildings.
 TABLE 207A.11-1

MAIN WIND FORCE RESISTING SYSTEM &

ALL HEIGHTS
COMPONENTS AND CLADDING

ENCLOSED, PARTIALLY ENCLOSED AND OPEN WALLS AND ROOFS

BUILDINGS
ENCLOSURE CLASSIFICATION (GCpi)
Open Building 0
0.55
Partially Enclosed Building
-0.55
0.18
Enclosed Building
-0.18

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Fig. 207C.6-1 Adjustment for Building Height and Exposure, λ
Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficients, K h and Kz
Mean roof height Exposure
h(m) B C D
0-5 1.00 1.21 1.47
6.0 1.00 1.29 1.55
8.0 1.00 1.35 1.61
9.0 1.00 1.40 1.66
11.0 1.05 1.45 1.70
12.0 1.09 1.49 1.74
14.0 1.12 1.53 1.78
15.0 1.16 1.56 1.81
17.0 1.19 1.59 1.84
18.0 1.22 1.62 1.87

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Table 207C3.1
Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficients, Kh and Kz

Height above EXPOSURE

ground level, z
m EXPOSURE B EXPOSURE C EXPOSURE D
0 0.7 0.85 1.03
4.6 0.7 0.85 1.03
6.1 0.7 0.9 1.08
7.6 0.7 0.9 1.12
9.1 0.7 0.98 1.16
12.2 0.76 1.04 1.22
15.2 0.81 1.09 1.247
18 0.85 1.13 1.31

Table 207A.9-1
Terrain Exposure Coefficients

Exposure α zg
B 7 365.76
C 9.5 274.32
D 11.5 213.36

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 OCCUPANCY CATEGORY NO.
- Open Buildi 0 Open Buildi
I Partially En 0.55 Partially En
II Enclosed Bu 0.18 Enclosed Bu
III
IV
V

- NCR I CAR II III IV MIMAROPA

- - - - - - -
Caloocan Dagupan Abra Batanes Angeles Batangas Marinduque
Las Piñas Ilocos Norte
Apayao Cagayan Aurora Cavite
Occidental Mindoro
Makati Ilocos SurBaguio Isabela Bataan LagunaOriental Mindoro
Malabon La UnionBenguetNueva VizcayaBulacan Lucena Palawan
Mandaluyong Pangasinan Ifugao Quirino Nueva Ecija QuezonPuerto Princesa
Manila Kalinga Santiago Olongapo Rizal Romblon
Marikina Mountain Province Pampanga
Muntinlupa Tarlac
Navotas Zambales
Parañaque
Pasay
Pasig
Pateros
Quezon City
San Juan
Taguig
Valenzuela

-
YES
NO

-
Open Building
Partially Enclosed Building
Enclosed Building

-
B
C
D
 0
-0.55
-0.18

V VI ARMM NIR VII VIII IX X XI XII

- - - - - - - - - -
Albay Aklan Basilan Bacolod Bohol Biliran
Zamboanga del Norte
BukidnonCompostela Valley
Cotabato
Camarines NorteAntique Lanao delNegros
Sur OccidentalCebu Eastern Samar Zamboanga del
Cagayan
Sur de Oro Davao CityCotabato City
Camarines Sur Capiz Maguindanao Negros OrientalSiquijor Leyte Zamboanga Sibugay
Camiguin Davao del Norte
General Santos
CatanduanesGuimaras Sulu Northern Samar Iligan Davao del SurSarangani
Masbate Iloilo Tawi-Tawi Samar Lanao del Norte
Davao Oriental
South Cotabato
Naga Southern Leyte Misamis Occidental Sultan Kudarat
Sorsogon Misamis Oriental
 XIII
-
Agusan del Norte
Agusan del Sur
Butuan
Dinagat Islands
Surigao del Norte
Surigao del Sur