ABSTRACT

A screw jack or a Jackscrew is operated by turning a lead screw. The height of the jack is adjusted by
turning the lead screw. This can be done either manually or by integrating an electric motor with it.
This integration is our project. The difficult part in the project may be finding a low speed motor
that is able to work at 12V. This is because the battery output of an automobile is 12V, and the
electricity needed for the operation of the screw jack is taken from this battery. Another problem
will be regarding speed reduction. Basically 12V motors usually operate at higher speeds, likely at
4000 or 5300 rpm. So reducing this high rpm to the required lower rpm for the operation of screw
jack without bulky accessories or power loss can be challenging. By this project effortless manual
work can be achieved easily. This can be done in any type of jack namely cylindrical screw jack,
bottle screw jack and scissor screw jack. In our project we use scissor screw jack which is motorized.
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
An electrically operated screw-type jack comprising a support base, a housing, a jack body, a lifting
ram which is contained in the jack body, a servo motor which is contained in the housing, reduction
gears for transmitting the driving power of the servo motor to the lifting ram, a safety device prevent
the motor and the power transmitting mechanism from an abrupt
Failure due to overloading, a square head pin for conventional hand operation of the jack when the
jack is overloaded. The safety device consists of a clutch disk, a clutch spring and a sleeve. The
reduction gears consist of first sun and planet gears, second sun and planet gears and a sun gear
cylinder.
The remote is used for control the jack from distance. In case of heavy object the jack can be
operated remotely. No need to control manually, this project reduces the accident.

Fig 1.1: Scissor jack

1.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE:

A screw jack or a Jackscrew is operated by turning a lead screw. The height of the jack is adjusted by
turning the lead screw. This can be done either manually or by integrating an electric motor with it.
This integration is our project. Power screws are used to convert rotary motion into translatory
motion. A screw jack is an example of a power screw in which a small force applied in a horizontal
plane is used to raise or lower a large load. The principle on which it works is similar to that of an
inclined plane. The mechanical advantage of a screw jack is the ratio of the load applied to the
effort applied. The screw jack is operated by turning a lead screw. The effort required to rotate the
screw can be eliminated by using a 12V DC motor to rotated screw of jack; which facilitate in easy
replacement of tyre. Advantage of this system is that it draws the energy from the battery of
vehicle. For torque multiplication; generated by motor two spur gear are used. A small gear is
mounted on motor shaft and a large spur gear on power screw of jack. Also we are looking for to
increase the efficiency of motorized screw jack by varying helix angle by which energy drawn by
motor can be decrease.
The motorized screw jack has been developed to cater to the needs of small and medium automobile
garages, which are normally man powered with minimum skilled labor. In most of the garages the
vehicles are lifted by using screw jack. This needs high man power and skilled labour. In order to
avoid all such disadvantages, the motorized jack has been designed in such a way that it can be used
to lift the vehicle very smoothly without any impact force. The operation is made simple so that even
unskilled labour can use it with ease.The d.c motor is coupled with the screw jack by gear
arrangement. The screw jack shafts rotation depends upon the rotation of D.C motor. This is a simple
type of automation project. The operation remains to be an essential part of the system although with
changing demands on physical input, the degree of mechanization is increased.
The components of the jack are:
1. Support base.
2. Jack body mounted on support base
3. Housing mounted on jack body, having a flange formed at a middle portion.
4. Servo motor having a driving gear mounted to a lower end .The servo motor is contained in the
housing.
5. Lifting ram vertically mounted on the support base.
6. Driven jaws of the scissor plate.

Fig 1.1.2: Scissor jack

1.2 APPLICATIONS:
• The jack can be operated remotely

• Can be used by physically handicap persons to lift car or other things

• Can be used in workshop or by personal use

1.3 ADVANTAGES:
• No need of human effort

• Jack can controlled both remotely as well as manually

• Heavy things can lift easily

1.4 DISADVANTAGES:

• Power is needed

CHAPTER 2
2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig 2.1.1: Motorized screw jack

2.2 Need for Automation

Automation can be achieved through computers, hydraulics, pneumatics, robotics, etc. Automation
plays an important role in mass production. For mass production of the product, the machining
operations decide the sequence of machining. Fabrication of a motorized screw jack is easy
especially when the parts are available in the market. This mechanical engineering project can be
easily completed by integrating an electric motor with a screw jack. A screw jack or a Jackscrew is
operated by turning a lead screw. The height of the jack is adjusted by turning the lead screw. This
can be done either manually or by integrating an electric motor with it. This integration is our project.
The difficult part in the project may be finding a low speed motor that is able to work at 12V. This is
because the battery output of an automobile is 12V, and the electricity needed for the operation of
the screw jack is taken from this battery. Another problem will be regarding speed reduction. 12V
motors usually operate at higher speeds, likely at 4000 or 5300 rpm. So reducing this high rpm to
the required lower rpms for the operation of screw jack without bulky accessories or power loss can
be challenging.

Screw Jack: It is a jack which is operated by turning a lead screw. In the form of a screw jack it is
commonly used to lift heavy weights such as the foundations of houses, or large vehicles. A screw
jack consists of a strong screw shaft which extends vertically from a heavy supporting base, and is
turned with a bar or lever. On the upper end of the screw is a bearing surface which supports the
load. When the screw is rotated it extends, lifting the load.

Gear Mechanism: The Gear mechanism plays a vital role in transmitting the power/torque from
Motor to the Screw Jack to perform this The Pinion and Gear have different number of teeth giving
a gear ratio of 1.5 and reducing the speed of the motor in the same ratio.

Motor: The motor required in this project is not easy to find as it should have the capability to run
from a car battery producing 12V and at the same time producing huge Amount of Torque so as to
lift the vehicle with low r.p.m. of 80-100. Also the motor should be bipolar as it should be capable to
lift as well as to put down the vehicle when the whole work is performed
In Brief: When the worm shaft is rotated the lead screw rotates in the body of the screw jack at the
same rate as the worm gear. The nut on the lead screw moves in a linear direction along the screw
when fixed to a structure that prevents it from rotating with the screw.

In Detail: When a screw jack unit is operated, the rotation of the worm shaft causes the worm gear
to rotate. For rotating screw jacks the lead screw is fixed to the worm gear and they rotate at the
same speed. As the worm gear turns, the friction forces on the screw thread act to turn the nut
also. The greater the load on the screw jack unit, the greater the tendency of the nut to turn. It is
obvious that if the nut turns with the screw, it will not raise the load. Therefore the nut needs to be
fixed to a structure to prevent rotation. The restraining torque required for the structure, also
known as the "lead screw key torque" The input power to the screw jacks should not exceed the
power rating shown in the specifications table. Maximum input speed in rpm (revolutions per
minute) to a screw jacks worm shaft should not exceed 1800 rpm for E-Series and M-Series screw
jacks; however the high performance S-Series screw jacks can operate at up to 3000 rpm. Power
Jacks cannot accept responsibility for the overheating and rapid wear that may occur should these
limits be exceeded. Power increases in direct proportion to the speed, and the motor size will be
out of proportion to the screw jack model design rating should the speed become excessively high.
When selecting the maximum permissible speed for a screw jack arrangement, always check to see
that the power rating of the screw jack model is not exceeded.

The machines designed for producing a particular product are called transfer machines. The
components must be moved automatically from the bins to various machines sequentially and the
final component can be placed separately for packaging. Materials can also be repeatedly
transferred from the moving conveyors to the work place and vice versa. Nowadays, almost all the
manufacturing processes are being atomized in order to deliver the products at a faster rate.

The invention relates to a screw jack with a screw shaft and several ball bearing units that surround
the screw eccentrically and form a nut structure, the ball bearing units engaging unilaterally into the
thread and rolling in the thread and forming one part with or being joined to an inner track ring of
one ball bearing unit, the outer rings of the ball bearings of the individual ball bearing units being
joined with each other.

The screw jack already known has two ball bearing units in the nut structure which engage with
radial pre-load from opposite sides into the thread. Since the ball bearing units are necessarily
arranged sideways at a distance from each other, the radial pre-load causes a tilting moment
effecting the nut structure, which is balanced by a neck bearing that also engages in the thread. This
is a disadvantage with regard to the efficiency, the smoothness of running, the long life and the
idling moment, particularly if the length of the screw shaft is big compared to the diameter of the
screw.A rather .high stress is often also caused by an improper adjustment of the ball bearing units.
Such wrong adjustments ·are mostly only recognized by bad running and an increased wear of the
neck bearings.

Operation is being atomized for the following reasons:

• To achieve mass production

• To reduce man power

• To increase the efficiency of the plant

• To reduce the work load

• To reduce the production cost

• To reduce the production time

• To reduce the material handling

• To reduce the fatigue of workers

• To achieve good product quality

Less Maintenance

Fig 2.1.2: Automation Jack

2.3 The Armature

The armature takes the place of the nail in an electric motor. The armature is an electromagnet made
by coiling thin wire around two or more poles of a metal core. The armature has an axle, and the
commutator is attached to the axle. In the diagram above you can see three different views of the
same armature: front, side and end-on. In the end-on view the winding is eliminated to make the
commutator more obvious. The commutator is simply a pair of plates attached to the axle. These
plates provide the two connections for the coil of the
Electromagnet.

2.4 The Commutator and brushes

The "flipping the electric field" part of an electric motor is accomplished by two parts: the
commutator and the brushes. The diagram at the right shows how the commutator and brushes
work together to let current flow to the electromagnet, and also to flip the direction that the electrons
are flowing at just the right moment. The contacts of the commutator are attached to the axle of the
electromagnet, so they spin with the magnet. The brushes are just
two pieces of springy metal or carbon that make contact with the contacts of the commutator.

CHAPTER 3
3.1 Working Principle
The lead-acid battery is used to drive the d.c motor. The d.c motor shaft is connected to the spur gear.
If power is given to the D.c motor, it will run so that the spur gear also runs to slow down the speed
of the D.C motor. The screw jack moves the screw upward, so that the vehicle lifts from ground. The
vehicle is lifted by using the lifting platform at the top of the Screw jack. The motor draws power
supply from the battery. The lifting and uplifting is done by changing the battery supply to the motor.
Power screws are used to convert rotary motion into translatory motion. A screw jack is an example
of a power screw in which a small force applied in a horizontal plane is used to raise or lower a large
load. The principle on which it works is similar to that of an inclined plane. The mechanical
advantage of a screw jack is the ratio of the load applied to the effort applied. The screw jack is
operated by turning a lead screw. The effort required to rotate the screw can be eliminated by using a
12V DC motor to rotated screw of jack; which facilitate in easy replacement of tyre. Advantage of
this system is that it draws the energy from the battery of vehicle. For torque multiplication;
generated by motor two spur gear are used. A small gear is mounted on motor shaft and a large spur
gear on power screw of jack. Also we are looking for to increase the efficiency of motorized screw
jack by varying helix angle by which energy drawn by motor can be decrease.
The motorized screw jack has been developed to cater to the needs of small and medium
automobile garages, which are normally man powered with minimum skilled labor. In most of the
garages the vehicles are lifted by using screw jack. This needs high man power and skilled labour. In
order to avoid all such disadvantages, the motorized jack has been designed in such a way that it
can be used to lift the vehicle very smoothly without any impact force. The operation is made
simple so that even unskilled labour can use it with ease.The d.c motor is coupled with the screw
jack by gear arrangement. The screw jack shafts rotation depends upon the rotation of D.C motor.
This is a simple type of automation project. The operation remains to be an essential part of the
system although with changing demands on physical input, the degree of mechanization is
increased.

Fabrication of a motorized screw jack is easy especially when the parts are available in the market.
This mechanical engineering project can be easily completed by integrating an electric motor with a
screw jack. A screw jack or a Jackscrew is operated by turning a lead screw. The height of the jack is
adjusted by turning the lead screw. This can be done either manually or by integrating an electric
motor with it. This integration is our project. The difficult part in the project may be finding a low
speed motor that is able to work at 12V. This is because the battery output of an automobile is 12V,
and the electricity needed for the operation of the screw jack is taken from this battery. Another
problem will be regarding speed reduction. 12V motors usually operate at higher speeds, likely at
4000 or 5300 rpm. So reducing this high rpm to the required lower rpms for the operation of screw
jack without bulky accessories or power loss can be challenging.
3.2 THEORETICAL CONSIDERATION
It is a jack which is operated by turning a lead screw. In the form of a screw jack it is commonly used
to lift heavy weights such as the foundations of houses, or large vehicles. A screw jack consists of a
strong screw shaft which extends vertically from a heavy supporting base, and is turned with a bar
or lever. On the upper end of the screw is a bearing surface which supports the load. When the
screw is rotated it extends, lifting the load. The Gear mechanism plays a vital role in transmitting the
power/torque from Motor to the Screw Jack to perform this The Pinion and Gear have different
number of teeth giving a gear ratio of 1.5 and reducing the speed of the motor in the same ratio.
The motor required in this project is not easy to find as it should have the capability to run from a
car battery producing 12V and at the same time producing huge Amount of Torque so as to lift the
vehicle with low r.p.m. of 80-100. Also the motor should be bipolar as it should be capable to lift as
well as to put down the vehicle when the whole work is performed

In Brief: When the worm shaft is rotated the lead screw rotates in the body of the screw jack at the
same rate as the worm gear. The nut on the lead screw moves in a linear direction along the screw
when fixed to a structure that prevents it from rotating with the screw. This design is also available
with a "Safety Nut".

In Detail: When a screw jack unit is operated, the rotation of the worm shaft causes the worm gear
to rotate. For rotating screw jacks the lead screw is fixed to the worm gear and they rotate at the
same speed. As the worm gear turns, the friction forces on the screw thread act to turn the nut
also. The greater the load on the screw jack unit, the greater the tendency of the nut to turn. It is
obvious that if the nut turns with the screw, it will not raise the load. Therefore the nut needs to be
fixed to a structure to prevent rotation. The restraining torque required for the structure, also
known as the "lead screw key torque" The input power to the screw jacks should not exceed the
power rating shown in the specifications table. Maximum input speed in rpm (revolutions per
minute) to a screw jacks worm shaft should not exceed 1800 rpm for E-Series and M-Series screw
jacks; however the high performance S-Series screw jacks can operate at up to 3000 rpm. Power
Jacks cannot accept responsibility for the overheating and rapid wear that may occur should these
limits be exceeded. Power increases in direct proportion to the speed, and the motor size will be
out of proportion to the screw jack model design rating should the speed become excessively high.
When selecting the maximum permissible speed for a screw jack arrangement, always check to see
that the power rating of the screw jack model is not exceeded.

Power screws are used to convert rotary motion into translatory motion. A screw jack is an example
of a power screw in which a small force applied in a horizontal plane is used to raise or lower a large
load. The principle on which it works is similar to that of an inclined plane. The mechanical
advantage of a screw jack is the ratio of the load applied to the effort applied. The screw jack is
operated by turning a lead screw. The effort required to rotate the screw can be eliminated by using
a 12V DC motor to rotated screw of jack; which facilitate in easy replacement of tyre. Advantage of
this system is that it draws the energy from the battery of vehicle. For torque multiplication;
generated by motor two spur gear are used. A small gear is mounted on motor shaft and a large
spur gear on power screw of jack. Also we are looking for to increase the efficiency of motorized
screw jack by varying helix angle by which energy drawn by motor can be decrease.

The motorized screw jack has been developed to cater to the needs of small and medium
automobile garages, which are normally man powered with minimum skilled labor. In most of the
garages the vehicles are lifted by using screw jack. This needs high man power and skilled labour. In
order to avoid all such disadvantages, the motorized jack has been designed in such a way that it
can be used to lift the vehicle very smoothly without any impact force. The operation is made
simple so that even unskilled labour can use it with ease.The d.c motor is coupled with the screw
jack by gear arrangement. The screw jack shafts rotation depends upon the rotation of D.C motor.
This is a simple type of automation project. The operation remains to be an essential part of the
system although with changing demands on physical input, the degree of mechanization is
increased.

The efforts being put to produce any kind of work has been continuously decreasing. The efforts
required in achieving the desired output can be effectively and economically be decreased by the
implementation of better designs. Power screws are used to convert rotary motion into translatory
motion. A screw jack is an example of a power screw in which a small force applied in a horizontal
plane is used to raise or lower a large load. The principle on which it works is similar to that of an
inclined plane. The mechanical advantage of a screw jack is the ratio of the load applied to the
effort applied. The screw jack is operated by turning a lead screw. The height of the jack is adjusted
by turning a lead screw and this adjustment can be done either manually or by integrating an
electric motor. This research paper analyzes the modification of the existing motor screw jack by
incorporating an electric motor in the screw in order to make load lifting easier. In this modified
design, the power screw is rotated by connecting motor through universal coupling, plugged to the
automobile 12 V battery source to generate power for the prime mover (motor), which transmits its
rotating speed to the power screw to be rotated with required speed reduction and increased
torque to drive the power screw. The significance and purpose of this work is to modify the existing
car jack in order to make the operation easier, safer and more reliable in order to reduce health
risks especially back ache problems associated with doing work in a bent or squatting position for a
long period of time. The modified car jack is easy to use by women or whoever had problem with
the vehicle tyres along the road. The designed motorised jack will also save time and requires less
human energy to operate.

A screw jack is a portable device consisting of a screw mechanism used to raise or lower the load.
The principle on which the screw jack works is similar to that of an inclined plane. There are mainly
two types of jacks-hydraulic and mechanical. A hydraulic jack consists of a cylinder and piston
mechanism. The movement of the piston rod is used to raise or lower the load. Mechanical jacks
can be either hand operated or power driven.

Jacks are used frequently in raising cars so that a tire can be changed. A screw jack is commonly
used with cars but is also used in many other ways, including industrial machinery and even
aeroplanes. They can be short, tall, fat, or thin depending on the amount of pressure they will be
under and the space that they need to fit into. The jack is made out of various types of metal, but
the screw itself is generally made out of lead. While screw jacks are designed purposely for raising
and lowering loads, they are not ideal for side loads, although some can withstand side loads
depending on the diameter and size of the lifting screw. Shock loads should also be avoided or
minimized. Some screw jacks are built with anti-backlash. The anti-backlash device moderates the
axial backlash in the lifting screw and nut assembly to a regulated minimum. A large amount of heat
is generated in the screw jack and long lifts can cause serious overheating. To retain the efficiency
of the screw jack, it must be used under ambient temperatures, otherwise lubricants must be
applied. There are oil lubricants intended to enhance the equipment’s capabilities. Apart from
proper maintenance, to optimize the capability and usefulness of a screw jack it is imperative to
employ it according to its design and manufacturer’s instruction. Ensure that you follow the speed,
load capacity, temperature recommendation and other relevant factors for application. Types of
Screw Jack Jacks are of mainly two types- mechanical and hydraulic. They vary in size depending on
the load that they are used to lift.

(a) Mechanical Jacks: A mechanical jack is a device which lifts heavy equipment. The most
common form is a car jack, floor jack or garage jack which lifts vehicles so that maintenance
can be performed. Car jacks usually use mechanical advantage to allow a human to lift a
vehicle by manual force alone. More powerful jacks use hydraulic power to provide more lift
over greater distances. Mechanical jacks are usually rated for maximum lifting capacity.
(b) Hydraulic Jacks: Hydraulic jacks are typically used for shop work, rather than as an
emergency jack to be carried with the vehicle. Use of jacks not designed for a specific
vehicle requires more than the usual care in selecting ground conditions, the jacking point
on the vehicle, and to ensure stability when the jack is extended. Hydraulic jacks are often
used to lift elevators in low and medium rise buildings. A hydraulic jack uses a fluid, which is
incompressible, that is forced into a cylinder by a pump plunger. Oil is used since it is self
lubricating and stable.
(c) When the plunger pulls back, it draws oil out of the reservoir through a suction check valve
into the pump chamber. When the plunger moves forward, it pushes the oil through a
discharge check valve into the cylinder. The suction valve ball is within the chamber and opens
with each draw of the plunger. The discharge valve ball is outside the chamber and opens when
the oil is pushed into the cylinder. At this point the suction ball within the chamber is forced
shut and oil pressure builds in the cylinder.Operational Considerations of a screw jack Maintain
low surface contact pressure: Increasing the screw size and nut size will reduce thread contact
pressure for the same working load. The higher the unit pressure and the higher the surface
speed, the more rapid the wear will be. Maintain low surface speed: Increasing the screw head
will reduce the surface speed forthe same linear speed. Keep the mating surfaces well
lubricated: The better the lubrication, the longer is the service life. Grease fittings or other
lubrication means must be provided for the power screw and nut. Keep the mating surfaces
clean: Dirt can easily embed itself in the soft nut material. It will act as a file and abrade the
mating screw surface. The soft nut material backs away during contact leaving the hard dirt
particles to scrap away the mating screw material. Keep heat away: When the mating surfaces
heat up, they become much softer and are more easily worn away. Means to remove the heat
such as limited duty cycles or heat sinks must be provided so that rapid wear of over-heated
materials can be avoided. 2. Literature Review Screw type mechanical jacks were very common
for jeeps and trucks of World War II vintage.

3.4 Advantages
1. The loaded light vehicles can be easily lifted.
2. Checking and cleaning are easy, because the main parts are screwed.
3. Handling is easy
4. No Manual power required.
5. Easy to Repair.
6. Replacement of parts is easy

3.5 Disadvantages
 Cost of the equipment is high when compared to ordinary hand jack.
 Care must be taken for the handling the equipment such as proper wiring connection,
 Battery charging check-up, etc.
3.6 Applications
1. It is useful in auto-garages.
2. This motorized screw jack is used for lifting the vehicles. Thus it can be useful for the following
types of vehicles in future Maruthi, Ambassador, Fiat, Mahindra