MEANING OF SOCIETY

• The term society is derived from the Latin word

‘socius’, which means companionship or friendship.
• Two primary components of a society are its culture
and its social structure.
• Society is one of the basic sociological terms. In simple
sense, society is a large grouping that shares the same
geographical territory, shares a common culture and
social structure, and expected to abide by the some
laws.
 Race
and Language
Ethnicity Technology

Gender
Roles
Ideology

Sex
Component Secularism
And
of or
Gender
Stereotypes
Society
 THE BIG QUESTIONS
 To what extent does biology influence maleness and
femaleness?
 Are males dominant over females in all societies?
 How similar are gender roles throughout the world?
 Do women and men in the same culture
communicate differently?
 How can extreme gender ideology lead to the
exploitation of women?
 SEX GENDER
- refers to the - Refers to the way a
biological differences society perceives,
between males and evaluates, and
females based on expects males and
physiological factors, females to behave.
including: sex
chromosomes,
reproductive organs,
and hormones.
GENDER
ROLES
 GENDER ROLES
• the social roles expected of men
and women in a particular society.
 GENDER: BIOLOGY AND CULTURE
• Gender is determined by a large
variety of factors, both biological and
cultural.
• Gender socialization: the process of
learning and internalizing the norms of
our gender.
 TRANSGENDER

• Transgender: is a broad term used to

describe individuals that identify with a gender
that is NOT associated with their assigned
birth sex.
• i.e. Males that identify as women and females
that identify as men.
 THIRD GENDERS
•Some societies recognize there being
more than two gender
categories…something other than
“man” and “woman”.These Third
gendered people have different roles in
the societies they occupy.
RACE AND ETHNICITY
RACE
• a human group that defines itself and/or is defined
by other groups as different by virtue of innate and
immutable physical characteristics.
• It is a group that is socially defined on the bases of
physical criteria.
ETHNICITY
• cultural practices and outlooks of a given
community of people that set them apart
from others.
 RACE ETHNICITY
Based on Biological Characteristics Based on Cultural Characteristics

• Based on skin color, • Based on Common

eye color, hair. Ancestry, Cultural
• Categories seem Heritage, and common
natural, but vary by Nations of Origin.
culture.
• Originally divided into
Caucasians,
Mongoloids, and
Negroids.
LANGUAGE
• A system of verbal symbols through which humans
communicate ideas, feelings, experiences.
• Language is not only a tool, or a means of
expression, but it also structures and shapes our
experiences of the world and what we see around
us.
 TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY AND
LIFE OR TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE
•refers to dependency, co-dependence, co-
influence, and co-production of technology and
society upon the other (technology upon
culture, and vice versa).
•Ideology helps us to explain how unequal and
unjust social relations are maintained in
society.
•The concept has been central
in attempts to explain how
economic and social
inequalities in capitalist
societies are justified and
appear to be normal.
SECULARISM
• Secularization is a cultural transition in which religious
values are gradually replaced with nonreligious values.
• In the field of sociology, the term is used to describe
societies that have become or are becoming
modernized—meaning that features of society such as
the government, the economy,
and schools are more distinct, or
Less influenced by religion.
•Individuals within a society may still practice a
religion, but it is on an individual basis.
•Decisions about spiritual matters are
personal, family, or culturally based, but
religion itself does not have a large impact on
society as a whole.