Circulatory System notes

All transporting functions inside the body are performed by two

circulating fluids-blood and lymph
Blood-In heart and blood capillaries
Tissue fluid-Spaces between cells in organs
Lymph-In lymph vessels and lymphatic organs such as spleen
When blood flows through blood vessels, it is closed blood
circulation.
When blood flows through open spaces in body, it is open blood
circulation.
Properties of blood-Always in motion Bright red in artery,Dark
red in vein
5 to 6 litres blood in human Blood is alkaline Taste of blood
is saltish
Functions of blood:-
Transportation-Transport of O2 and CO2 Heat and hormone
distribution
Transport of digested food and excretory material
Protection-Blood clots near injury which prevents blood loss and
germ entry
WBC protect body from disease
Plasma-Liquid portion of blood , Constitutes 50-60% of blood
Cellular elements like RBC,WBC and platelets

Erythrocytes-Bi-concave shape;Small size and shape increases

surface area.
Small size allows transportation through narrow
capillaries
Haemoglobin-Formed of iron-part haemin and protein globin
Oxy-Haemoglobin-When with oxygen
Carbamino-Haemoglobin-When with CO2
Production-In marrow of long bones;No nuclei and no endoplasmic
reticulum
Average life is 120 days;No double-membraned
organelles

Leukocytes-Ameboid in shape;Squeeze through capillaries

[Diapedesis]
Life span is two weeks;
Leukemia-Increase in WBC at cost of RBC;Leukopenia-Decrease in
WBC
Functions-Phagocytosis-Engulfing of bacteria
 Inflammation-Diapedesis and phagocytosis on bacteria
like pus
Formation of antibodies

Blood platelets-Small size allows it to reach anywhere;Life span is 3-

5 days
Functions-Disintegrate at wound to release thrombokinase
Thrombokinase converts protothrombin to thrombin
Thrombin converts Fibrinogen to Fibrin which clots blood
Haemophilia-Genetic disorder due to which no blood clotting
happens

A-antigen A-antibody B-give to A and AB-recieve from A and O

B-antigen B-antibody A-give to B and AB-recieve from B and O
AB-antigen A,B- no antibody-give to AB-recieve from A,B,AB and O
A-antigen A-antibody B-give to A and AB-recieve from A and O
O-no antigen-antibody A,B-give to all-recieve from O