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Calculations in Fuel and Energy (17,18)
Calculations in Fuel and Energy (17,18)
% 𝐶𝐻4 = 24.2%
% 𝐻2 = 42.6%
% 𝑁2 + errors =16.8%
Energy conversion and Efficiency
Energy conversion in a furnace
A gas furnace has an efficiency of 75%. How many BTU will it produce from 1000 BTU of
natural gas. What kind of energy is conversion is present in this process.
Energy conversion in a heat engine
Calculate the efficiency of a power plant if the efficiencies of the boiler, turbine
and generator are 88, 40 and 98%, respectively. Comment on the energy
conversions present in this process.
Answers
1. 750 BTU (thermal energy
Chemical Energy to Thermal Energy
2. 35%
Chemical Energy to Thermal Energy to Mechanical Energy to Electrical Energy
Calorific Value
A coal containing 5% hydrogen and 10% moisture as sampled, has a gross
calorific value of 33.5 MJ/kg on dry basis. Calculate the gross calorific value on
an “as sampled” basis and net calorific values on “dry” and “as sampled” basis.
Considering the Latent Heat of water vapour as 2.45 MJ/kg.
Answers
NCV on dry basis = 32.4 MJ/kg
GCV on as sampled basis = 30.2 MJ/kg
NCV on as sampled basis = 29.16 MJ/kg
Estimation of Calorific Value
A coal has the following analysis on as-sampled basis:
C : 80.4%, H: 5.0%, O: 4.3%, N:1.5%, S : 0.9%, Moisture: 2.2%, Ash : 5.7%, volatile
matter: 26.9%, Fixed carbon : 65.1%.
Estimate the gross calorific value of the sample from the results of both the
ultimate and proximate analyses on dry ash free basis.
Solution
Find the percentages on dry ash free basis
Correlations
Dulong Formula
𝐶𝑉 = 338.2𝐶 + 1442.8 𝐻 − 𝑂 8 + 94.2𝑆 kJ/kg
Grumell and Davies Formula
𝐶 0−𝑆
𝐶𝑉 = (15.22𝐻 + 937)( + 𝐻 − ) kJ/kg
3 8