7.

0 DISCUSSION

Based on the result, the volume of water that we used in this experiment was
constant, which is at 5L with the different time taken. The value of flow rate, Q that we
obtained show an increase from 7.20x10-4 m3s-1 to 1.02x10-3 m3s-1 with the time taken was
6.1s for the first reading and 5.2s for the last reading. The mass of nozzle that we used
was 210g until 510g, the reading for the turbine rotational speed was decrease from
61.38Hz to 54.45Hz. The result for input head to turbine, Hi was set constant at 9.99m and
the value of brake power, Pb was increase from 44.66W to 91.96W, thus the value of
torque also increase from 0.1158Nm to 0.2688Nm. Hence, from the results that we
obtained, we can see that when mass of weight nozzle increase, it will decrease the value
speed turbine and increase the brake power and value of torque.
Based on the graph of torque vs turbine rotational speed, we observe that the graph
shows a pattern of graph of linearly decrease from 61.38Hz to 54.45Hz with the data of
0.1158Nm to 0.2688Nm. From this graph, we can conclude that when the value of turbine
rotational speed increase, the value of torque will decrease. From the graph of power
output vs turbine rotational speed, we can see that the graph increase linearly from
0.1158Hz to 0.2688Hz at the horizontal axis with the data of 44.66W to 91.96W at the
vertical axis. This shows that the the power output is directly proportional to the turbine
rotational axis. Based on the graph of efficiency vs turbine rotational speed we observe
that the graph shows an increase from 0.1158Hz to 0.1413Hz with the data 63.29% to
71.85%, then it efficiency starts to decrease to 62.67% with rotational speed of 0.1707Hz
and finally the efficiency starts to increase from 62.67% to 92.00% with its rotational
speed of 0.2688Hz. Hence, we can conclude that the increase value of turbine rotational
speed will increase the value of efficiency although there the efficiency drop a little bit in
the middle of the results that we obtained because of some errors that occurred during this
experiment.
8.0 CONCLUSION

As a conclusion for this experiment that we have done, we can conclude that we
successfully understand how to determine the characteristics of Pelton Turbine operation by
using several speed. We also managed to grasp the basic operating system of the Pelton
Turbine and understand the factors which influence the efficiency of turbine. We also can
conclude that torque is inversely proportional to the turbine rotational speed, the power
output of the turbine in directly proportional the turbine rotational speed and the efficiency of
the turbine also increase when the turbine rotational speed increase.