Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Research 1
Research 1
INCLUSIVE CLASSROOM
By:
Jayson A. Baguna
Rheniel Amistoso
Jaquelyn Ong
Julina Arrio
Jessa Dedil
March 2018
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, it is a pleasure to thank the Caibiran Central Sped Center (CCSC) for giving us
the chance and opportunity to conduct a study on their school. It really helps a lot in
making our research to come true and fulfilling in our part that we’ve have been through.
We would also like to express our deep and sincere gratitude to our research adviser Mr.
Vinnie G. Coton for guiding us in making done of this research. His advices and suggestion
has a very big help in the time that we couldn’t know what we are going to do, and also his
understanding have provided a good basis for us to be able to appreciate and give value
about research.
During this study, we have collaborated with many colleagues for whom we have great
regard, and we wish to extend our warmest thanks to all those who have helped us with
our research.
We owe our loving thanks to our family for their understanding and encouragement and
the one above all of us, the Almighty, for answering our prayer and giving us the strength to
This study was conducted at Caibiran Central Sped Center (CCSC) during school year 2017-
2018 to determine the Interaction of children with special needs and the regular learner in
This study is focuses on the interaction of the child who have physical disability and
The objective of this study is to determine the disability of that particular child and their
CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER II – METHODOLOGY
Table 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------
Conclusion -------------------------------------------------------------------
Recommendation --------------------------------------------------------
APPENDICES
INTRODUCTION
Background of study
Inclusion of students with special needs is prevalent in many countries. One of many
goals of special education is to give students with disabilities the opportunity to participate
in the least restrictive environment so that they receive as much education as possible with
non-disabled students. There are many strategies and models school systems are using to
ensure special education students are participating within the mainstream classroom
setting; however, the inclusion model seems to prove to be the most beneficial in the areas
of academic achievement and social interaction. The inclusion model centers on educating
students with disabilities in the general education setting along with their non-disabled
peers. General education teachers do have concerns about teaching students with learning
essential to demonstrate how the inclusion model can have a positive impact on academic
achievement as well as social interaction among students with disabilities. This paper
includes a review of literature relating to the problems special needs students encounter by
being included in the regular classroom. In general, the literature indicates inclusion can be
problematic for special needs students. However, the literature indicates with proper
training and resources, inclusion can be a practical and effective learning environment.
The inclusion method is a basic model where both disabled and non-disabled students are
educated within the same classroom. Educational inclusion, then, offers education geared
to include all students, even those with disabilities in the same learning environment. This
may include special needs children who have emotional and/or behavioral problems.
Teachers may encounter a variety of situations in the classroom, including those with
learning disorders, emotional disabilities, and mental retardation. Special needs students
are placed in the regular education classroom and are involved in instructional settings
that may have the general education teacher, the special education teacher, the teacher
assistant and possibly parental or community volunteers (Wiebe & Kim, 2008).
The most popular inclusion method seems to be a co-teaching model. “Co-teaching may be
defined as the partnership of a general education teacher and a special education teacher
or another specialist for the purpose of jointly delivering instruction to a diverse group of
students, including those with disabilities or other special needs, in a general education
setting, and in a way that flexibly and deliberately meets their learning needs” (Friend,
Inclusion of all children within the classroom has brought about a new challenge for
teachers. A typical class may consists of gifted children, slow learners, English-language
and low socioeconomically status children. With such a diverse combination, classroom
each student individually in the classroom has made a regular education teacher’s job
beyond difficult. Because the state and federal education systems are calling for schools to
improve special education, school systems are turning to inclusion of special education
Education can be a powerful tool to unify the students with disabilities and those without
them (Mowat, 2010), but what problems do special needs students encounter by being
included in the regular classroom? This review of the literature will examine the effects of
the inclusion model on the academic achievement and social interaction among students
with disabilities.
1. To identify the interaction of children with special needs and regular learner in
a inclusive classroom.
2. To explore and identify the disability of the children with special needs in a
inclusive classroom.
Theoritical Framework
Observational Learning Theory. Students with special needs can learn not only desired
behaviors from their peers through social interaction, they can also learn academically
within their learning community. Children can be the best teachers. Cooperative learning
involves social interaction amongst the students, and it is the key to educational thinkers
such as Piaget and Vygotsky (Slavin, 2009). Using social interaction and active experiences
in learning helps children to feed knowledge to one another. These methods also promote
social communication skills that children will need to possess as adults. They will need to
be able to effectively discuss the various issues that will occur as life progresses. Even
students with special needs can offer educational 10knowledge to their peers; if the
students learn that they can teach others and learn from others, and then they will feel a
sense of belonging, pride, and responsibility. When students are working together, these
students can be paired with slower learner students from time to time. When students
work together and are able to engage in discussions on different ideas, then the sky’s the
limit to what types of knowledge the students can transmit to one another. Peer learning
helps students to build effective listening and communication skills (Harding, 2009).
theories, the zone of proximal development also has implication for inclusive classrooms.
According to Lev Vygotsky, the zone of proximal development states that students learn
when guided by an adult or when working with more capable peers. “A more competent
person collaborates with a child to help him move from where he is now to where he can
be with help. This person accomplishes this feat by means of prompts, clues, modeling,
of the child’s attention” (Miller, 2011, p. 175). Students with disabilities can learn from
their peers without disabilities as well as with the support of adult guidance to gain a
better understanding of the concept being taught. For example, peer tutoring has been
found to be effective for students with disabilities (McDuffie, Mastropieri, & Scruggs, 2009).
learning support is provided at the time new concepts are introduced and the support is
socially. According to Ntshangase, Mdikana, & Cronk (2008), “high social interaction is
important not only for learners’ academic achievement but also for their long-term general
well-being and personal development” (p. 82). The zone of proximal development, in
conjunction with the social learning theory, should theoretically help explain how students
with disabilities progress academically and increase appropriate social interactions with
Conceptual Framework
Students with Students without
disabilities disabilities
Inclusion
curriculum developers, policy makers, and the Ministry of Education and other stake
holders in education to understand more about interaction of children with special neeeds
and regular learner in a inclusive classroom. This study show how the students with special
needs and without special needs which is the regular learners interact in a inclusive
classroom.
This study conducted at Caibiran Sped Center School. This research is about interaction of
children with special needs and the regular learner in a inclusive classroom and identifying
Definition of terms
Inclusive classroom
Inclusion in the context of education is the practice, in which learners with special
educational needs spend most or all of their time with non – disabled learners. A classroom
is a room in which teaching or learning activities can take place. Inclusion rejects the use of
special schools or classroom to separate learners with disabilities from learners without
disabilities.
Disability
Disability refer to the loss or limitation of opportunities to take part in the normal life of
the community on an equal level with others due to physical, mental or social factors
argued that disability is an umbrella term, covering impairments, activity limitations, and
between features of a person‟s body and features of the society in which he or she lives
(WHO, 2002).
Special education
The especially designed instruction provided by the school district or other local agency
that needs the unique needs of students identified as disabled (Friend & Bursuck, 1999).
Students who are eligible according to state and federal guidlines to receive special
Regular learners
A regular learners in the inclusive classroom same of special learners the both of them are
Review of Literature
The many issues affecting inclusion of special needs students have been debated over the
last 25 years (Odom, Buysse, & Soukakou, 2011). The term “inclusion” replaced all previous
early 1990s in hopes that the word would mean more than placing children with special
relationships, and academic development and learning (Odom, Buysse, & Soukakou, 2011).
The question of inclusive education has attracted much attention all over the world.
Nevertheless, an examination of literature and practice shows that there is no agreed upon
universal definition. The term has come to mean different things to different people since it
is context specific. The concept also varies from country to country and is associated with
different people. Referring to American experience they state that: 15Inclusion certainly
means ‘place’, a classroom in a regular school building, and a seat in an age –appropriate
general education classroom. It also means access to, and participation in, the general
however, inclusion can mean very different things in different schools and among different
professionals. They also added that “Inclusion will mean a change in the school climate; it is
a statement that a diverse set of learners are not only welcome in the school but will also
In Spain, as in UK, there is acceptance of the new terminology of ‘children with special
education needs’ rather than children with disabilities or handicaps. This concept “is linked
to certain kinds of pedagogic help or services required to achieve the educational aims: that
is, an educational need is described in terms of what is essential for the pupil to achieve
The literature on inclusive education in India primarily addresses “concerns about the
children with disabilities.”(Singal, 2005: 335). This is illustrated in the definition given by
effective educational services with needed supplementary aids and support services in age
referring to various aspects, which incorporate its essence as clearly seen in the following:
Inclusion is seen as a process of addressing and responding to the diversity of needs of all
reducing exclusion within and from education. It involves changes and modifications in
content, approaches, structures and strategies, with a common vision which covers all
children of the appropriate age range and a conviction that it is the responsibility of the
It also “aims to enable both teachers and learners to feel comfortable with diversity and to
see it as a challenge and enrichment in the learning environment, rather than a problem.’’
(UNESCO, 2003:7)17
It can also been seen from educational point of view as defined by Piji, Meiger and Hegarty
appropriate high quality education for pupils with special needs in regular schools.
Whether or not this happens depends critically on teacher variables, specifically their
willingness to take on this task and their ability to carry it out. …Inclusion stands for an
educational system that encompasses a wide range diversity of pupils and that
According to Rieser(2008:23) the index for inclusion defines inclusion as having various
components. Some of these are: Valuing all students and staff equally; increasing the
participation of students in, and reducing their exclusion from, the cultures, the curricula
and communities of local schools; reducing barriers to learning and participation for all
students, not only those with impairments or differences are categorized as having special
According to Walker and Covington (1998:2) inclusive education for all students “should
utilize the best teaching techniques, and any necessary support services and
supplementary aids available to make the process of learning a success. Services are
brought to the students instead of students being removed from the general classroom to
References
Wiebe Berry, R., & Kim, N. (2008). Exploring teacher talk during mathematics instruction in
Friend. C., Cook, L., Chamberlian., & Shamberger, C. (2010). Co-teaching: an illustration of
Slavin, R. (2009). Educational psychology: Theory and practice (9th ed.). Upper Saddle
Harding, S. (2009). Successful inclusion models for students with disabilities require strong
site leadership: Autism and behavioral disorders create many challenges for the learning
McDuffie, K., Mastropieri, M., & Scruggs, T. (2009). Differential effects of peer tutoring in
cotaught and non-co-taught classes: Results for content learning and student-teacher
Miller, P.H. (ed.). (2011). Theories of developmental psychology (5th ed.). New York: Worth
Publishers.
Ntshangase, S., Mdikana, A., & Cronk, C. (2008). A comparative study of self-esteem of
adolescent boys with and without learning disabilities. International Journal of Special
Friend. C., Cook, L., Chamberlian., & Shamberger, C. (2010). Co-teaching: an illustration of
Wagoner, M., Friend, M., Bursuck, W., Kutash, K., Duchnowski, A.J., Sumi, W.C., & Epstein, M.
programs and services. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 14, 12-30.
Odom, S. L., Buysse, V., & Soukakou, E. (2011). Inclusion for young children with
33(4), 344-356.
Miller, P.H. (ed.). (2011). Theories of developmental psychology (5th ed.). New York: Worth
Publishers.
Wiebe Berry, R., & Kim, N. (2008). Exploring teacher talk during mathematics instruction in
Konrad, M.F., Fowler, C.H., Walker, A.R., Test, D.W, & Wood, W.M. (2007). Effects of
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
This selection refers to the plan and research subject. It detailed all the issue involved in
interaction of children with special needs and regular learner in a inclusive classroom.The
Research Locale
Research Respondents
Grade 6-Earth students of Ms. Elmira Villegas was the respondents in the study.
Research Instrument
In this study, the researcher was also consider as an instrument and provide devices that
able to surveillance the class of Grade 6 students at Caibiran Central Sped Center.
All the needed documents in conducting research was first arranged by the researchers.
Asking permission to the principal was the next step and followed by setting schedule with
the assigned teacher for the study. After that the researcher met the student and
After that, it was coded and categorized. The data was interpreted and analysed using the
table.
As the researchers conducting the study in the class discussion . We used video recorder as
our instruments to determine the interaction of the chil who have physical disability and
the regular learner because our objectives is to know the interaction of the child with an
without disability.
Through their presence in the field where they conduct a study using video recorder . Now
the researcher able to say that the problem in their study is existed. They are now
Involvement
To determine the The researcher are The grade six section The teacher consume
interaction of the going to have video Earth student of Ms. one in a half hour in
child who has presentation about Elmira Villegas in claas discussion and
Involvement
Ramirez. Hazel
physical disability
learner in a inclusion
focused on the
interaction of the
without disabilities
in a Inclusive
classroom.
CHAPTER III
This chapter present the result of the conducted study in the selected school of Caibiran
Central Sped Center.The result was presented, analysed and interpreted using tables based
Table 1
The prayer
Cbecking of attendance
Teacher's Activity Student's Activity
Review
discussed teacher.
Developmental Activities
Motivation
dance.
Discussion
Understand class?
Is Eating is a verb?
Application
( Students Answer)
Touching
Grabbing
Talking
Flowers
Car
Evaluation
3.She is beautiful
4.She is running.
Assignment
sentence.
Table 2
Prayer
Checking of Attendance
Review
What is verb?
Developmental Activities
Presentation
Do you know what is noun class? Student: Noun is a word that names a
Very good!
Chef is a noun
Freedom is a noun
practice.
Is freedom is a noun?
Is teacher a noun?
Students answer
Is dancing a noun?
Generalization
Students Answer
Evaluation
Teacher's Activity Student's Activity
school on Monday's
Assignment:
The researcher made a table to identify the interaction of the childrens with and without
disability.
Day 1 1111111111111111111 19
Day 2 1111111111111111 16
CHAPTER IV
This chapter present the summary of the findings in the data, the conclusion and the
The findings of the researcher about the interaction of children with special needs and the
regular learner in a inclusive classroom. The classroom is conducive for learning for the
students to be comfortable during the discussion of the teacher.The teacher gives more
activity to her students so that the students can participate and can interact with other.
About the table 1 and table the lesson plan of the teacher during her discussion that we
Conclusions
The conclusion of the researher in this research is the students is more active on the
Recommendation
The researcher recommend that during class discussion the teacher should consider the
different instructional methods in terms in her teaching for the students also to be more
Personal Background
Gender : Female
Age : 19
Citizenship : Filipino
Educational Attainment
Secondary Education
2014-2015
Elementary Education
Personal Background
Gender : Female
Age : 19
Citizenship : Filipino
Educational Attainment
2014-2015
Elementary Education
2010-2011
Personal Background
Gender : Female
Age : 21
Citizenship : Filipino
Educational Attainment
2013-2014
Elementary Education
Personal Background
Gender : Male
Age : 21
Citizenship : Filipino
Educational Attainment
Secondary Education
2011-2012
Elementary Education
: Caibiran Central School
2007-2008
Personal Background
Gender : Female
Age : 20
Citizenship : Filipino
Educational Background
Secondary Education
: 2014-2015
Elementary Education
: Caibiran Central School
2010- 2011
Personal Background
Gender : Female
Age : 18
Citizenship : Filipino
Religion : Mormons
Educational Background
Secondary Education
2014-2015
Gender : Female
Age : 19
Citizenship : Filipino
Educational Background
Secondary Education
2014-2015
Elementary Education
Personal Background
Gender : Male
Age : 22
Citizenship : Filipino
Educational Background
Secondary Education
: CNSAT
2010- 2011
Elementary Education
: Langgao Elementary School
2006-2007