BEKP 4853 ENERGY UTILIZATION &

CONSERVATION

Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektrik

Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka

1 1
Course Works (40%)
Quizzes 5%
PBL 20%
Test 15%

Final Examination 60%

Total 100%
1.1 “Introduction to the Energy
Efficiency”
 Upon completion of this Sub-Chapter, student
should be able to:
 Relate what is energy efficiency (EE)
 Relate the importance of EE
 Related legislation to EE in Malaysia
 The changes towards the earth
 Energy and Environment; demand
increasing every year
 CO2 level; rapid increase of
anthropogenic greenhouse gases
(GHG)
 If nothing is done to slow down
Green House Gas (GHG)
emissions
 CO2 concentration will increase
more than 700ppm in 2100
 Global average temperature
projected to increase between
1.4 - 5.8 degree.
Global warming is a phenomena of climate change
whereby the average temperatures of the lower earth
atmosphere are recorded to steadily increase by a few
degrees in recent decades.
Causes of Global Warming
 Which can be caused by the use of fossil fuels, and industrial or agricultural
processes.
 Basically, it can be divided into category.
 Electricity and Heat; Manufacturing and Construction; Transportation; Fuel
Combustion; Fugitive Emissions; Industrial Processes; Agriculture; Land Used
change and Forestry; Waste; International Bunkers.
 Among many of them, “transportation” as well as “electricity and heat” is the
highest contributor to GHG emission.
 Green House Effect

 Ozone Layer Depletion

(EFFECT BY ChloroFluoroCarbons [CFC])
• Temperatures will get warmer.
• Glaciers will melt, ice sheets in Artic will melt (Polar
Bears hunt on ice sheets)
• Sea levels will rise. Utah will be on Pacific Coast….
NOT!
• More droughts in dry areas and more rain and snow
in wet areas.
• More violent weather around the world.
June 2002 Dec 2003
1914
2004

MELTING SEA ICE

RISE IN SEA LEVEL WORLDWIDE
MORE KILLER STORM
 HEALTH – SPREAD OF DISEASE:
As northern countries warm, disease carrying insects
migrate north, bringing swine flu and other disease with
them
• Global energy trends
• Global energy trends
 National Energy Policy (Dasar Tenaga Negara)
Three principal energy objectives are instrumental in guiding the future
energy sector development:

1. The Supply Objective

To ensure the provision of adequate, secure, and cost-effective energy
supplies through developing indigenous energy resources both non-
renewable and renewable energy resources using the least cost options
and diversification of supply sources both from within and outside the
country
2. The Utilization Objective
To promote the efficient utilization of energy and to discourage wasteful
and nonproductive patterns of energy consumption
3. The Environmental Objective
To minimize the negative impacts of energy production, transportation,
conversion, utilization and consumption on the environment

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What is Energy Efficiency (EE)?

Getting similar (or better) level of service

with less energy consumption

Paying less for electricity to get the same amount of

amenities required!
 Electricity rate always increases

 Saved fund can be used for other beneficial areas

 To save fossil fuels:

 The resources are depleting
 Escalate in price as they are exhausted

 To conserve the environment:

 The only one we will leave for our future generations
 Fossil fuel combustions produce green house gasses
CO2, SO2 and NO2 that can cause acid rain and global
warming
 To improve the foreign reserves of our country:
 Reduce import of generating plants
 Export unused indigenous fuel to earn foreign
exchange

 To save money on the energy, not “wasted”:

 Reduce electricity means lower cost for users (improve
costing)
 Reduce demand growth means less capital investment
needed for new electrical infrastructure
 Definition of Green Technology
The development and application of products,
equipment and systems used to conserve the natural
environment and resources, which minimizes and
reduces the negative impact of human activities.
Satisfy any of the following General Criteria:
• minimizes degradation to the environment;
• has zero or low green house gas (GHG) emission;
• safe for use and promotes healthy and improved environment
for all forms of life;
• conserves the use of energy and natural resources; and
• promotes the use of renewable resources

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 Ministry of Energy, Green
April 2009 Technology and Water was
established during the
Cabinet reshuffle
National Green
24 July 2009 Technology Policy was
launched by the Prime
Minister

1 Jan 2010 Malaysia Green Technology

Corporation (MGTC)

40
 GREEN

Energy Waste & Water Building Transport

Regulation Regulation
Energy
Environment Environment
Efficiency
Quality Act Quality Act
(EQA) (EQA)
Certification Regulation Standard
Green Uniform MS 1525
Certification Regulation Standard Building Building
Index By-Law
Sustainable Registered
MS ISO (GBI) (UBBL)
Energy Electrical
Energy 50001
Manager
(SEM) Manager
(REEM)

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 CURRENT GOVT - Ministry of Energy,
Science, Technology, Environment and
Climate Change (MESTECC)

 Energy Division – Policies and Act

 National Energy Policies - which address issues of energy production,
distribution, and consumption.
 The Energy Commission Act - 2001
 The Electricity Supply Act 1990
 Renewable Energy Act 2011
 Sustainable Energy Development Authority Act 2011

 Green Technology Division – Policies and Act

 Green Technology is the development and application of products, equipment
and systems used to conserve the natural environment and resources, which
minimizes and reduces the negative impact of human activities

 Water Division

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1.2 “LEGISLATIONS RELATED TO
ENERGY MANAGEMENT”
 Upon completion of this Sub-Chapter, student
should be able to:
 Deliver an understanding of policies and
legislations to energy management.
 Provide sufficient information on policies that
supports energy management practices.
 Established under the Energy Commission Act 2001, the Energy Commission (EC)
is the regulatory agency for electricity supply and piped gas supply industries in
Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah.

 Fully operational on Jan 1, 2002, the EC took over the role of the Department of
Electricity and Gas Supply, which was dissolved on the same date.

 The Commission’s responsibilities are enshrined by the Energy Commission Act

2001, and the commission regulates and promotes all matters relating to the
electricity and gas supply industry within the scope of applicable legislation
namely:
 Electricity Supply Act 1990 [Act 447] as amended in 2015
 Gas Supply Act 1993 [Act 501]
 Electricity Regulations 1994 as amended in 2014
 Licensee Supply Regulations 1990
 Electricity Supply (Compounding of Offences) Regulations 2001
 Efficient Management of Electrical Energy Regulations 2008
 Gas Supply Regulations 1997
 Gas Supply (Compoundable Offences) Order 2006
 Economic Regulation
To promote economy in the generation, transmission, distribution, supply and
use of electricity and in the reticulation and use of gas; promote competition;
enable fair and efficient market conduct and prevent the misuse of monopoly or
market power in the electricity and piped gas industries.

 Technical Regulation
To ensure security, reliability, efficiency and quality of supply and services in
the electricity and piped gas supply industries.

 Safety Regulation
To protect the industry, consumers and public from dangers arising from the
generation, transmission, distribution, supply and use of electricity and the
distribution, supply and use of piped gas.
 Energy Management and Principal
Industrial and Employment
Legislations

OCCUPATION,
ELECTRICITY SAFETY AND SARAWAK
SUPPLY ACT 1990 HEALTH ACT 1994 ELECTRICITY
AND REGULATIONS ORDINANCE &
RULES

FACTORIES AND
MACHINERY ACT PRINCIPAL
FIRE ACT
1967 ANDD
REGULATIONS
LEGISLATIONS

EFFICIENT
EMPLOYMENT
MANAGEMENT OF
ACT
ELECTRICAL ENERGY OTHER INDUSTRIAL
REGULATIONS 2008 SIMILAR ACTS RELATIONS
ACT
 Safety and Reliability with
respect to energy efficiency

• There cannot be energy efficiency without:

– Safety and reliability of plant, equipment and systems
– Safety, health and welfare of those responsible for
installation, test, commissioning, operation and
maintenance of such plant, equipment and machinery

• Safety, reliability, health and welfare

MUST take precedence over energy
efficiency.
 FACTORIES AND MACHINERY ACT
AND REGULATIONS

REGULATION 1970 PART 1

FACTORIES AND MACHINERY ACT PROVIDES FOR THE CONTROL
OF FACTORIES AND MACHINERY WITH RESPECT TO MATTERS
RELATED TO THE SAFETY, HEALTH AND WELFARE OF PERSONS
THEREIN.

THIS INCLUDES COMPETENT CONTROL OF MACHINERY AND

EQUIPMENT.

FACTORIES AND MACHINERY (PERSONS–IN-CHARGE)

REGULATIONS 1970 PROVIDES FOR COMPETENT CONTROL OF
STEAM BOILERS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES, DREDGE AND
ALL MACHINERY AT SUCH PLANT.
ENERGY COMMISSION ACT
2001
Electricity Supply Act 1990
 Electricity Supply Act 1990

• All installations except those owned or managed by supply authority,

shall be worked or operated by persons qualified and certificated
under the Electricity Supply Act-section 23(1).

• Penalty for non compliance on conviction - fine not exceeding

RM10,000 and RM1,000 per day of following days of non compliance
under the Electricity Supply Act-section 23(2).
 Electricity Supply Act 1990

REGULATION 64(1)-(2):
"NO SWITCHBOARD , SWITCHGEAR OR EQUIPMENT, EXCEPT ANY
ELECTRICAL APPLIANCE, FITTING OR APPARATUS DESIGNED TO
BE CONNECTED TO AN ELECTRICAL SOCKET OUTLET BY MEANS
OF A PLUG, SHALL BE CONNECTED TO AN INSTALLATION FOR
THE PURPOSE OF RECEIVING ENERGY UNLESS THE CONNECTION
IS CARRIED OUT BY OR UNDER THE CONTROL OF A COMPETENT
PERSON.” EXCEPT REPLACEMENT OF LAMPS IN A DOMESTIC
INSTALLATION.

REGULATION 122 - PENALTY FOR NON COMPLIANCE IS FINE

NOT EXCEEDING RM5,000 OR IMPRISONMENT FOR A TERM NOT
EXCEEDING 1 YEAR OR BOTH.
 ELECTRICITY REGULATION
1994

REGULATION 71 RESTRICTS MAINTENANCE, REPAIR, OVERHAUL,

SERVICING, CALIBRATION ,TEST AND COMMISSION OF ANY
INSTALLATION OR EQUIPMENT AND THE LOCATION OF CABLE
FAULTS TO ELECTRICAL SERVICES ENGINEERS.

COMPETENT ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS, ELECTRICAL SUPERVISOR,

ELECTRICAL CHARGEMEN AND ELECTRICAL WIREMEN ARE
ALLOWED UNDER OTHER PROVISIONS TO UNDERTAKE SOME
LEVEL OF MAINENANCE, TEST, SERVICING .
 ELECTRICITY REGULATION
1994

REGULATION 112(7) PROVIDES FOR “LIVE WORK” IF UNDER

CONTROL OF COMPETENT PERSON. DATA LOGGING MUST BE
UNDER CONTROL OF APPROPRIATE COMPETENT PERSON –
ELECTRICAL SERVICE ENGINEER, ELECTRICAL COMPETENT
ENGINEER, ELECTRICAL SUPERVISOR OR ELECTRICAL
CHARGEMAN AS APPROPRIATE.

PERMIT TO WORK(PTW) MUST BE ISSUED BY THE COMPETENT

PERSON IN CHARGE OF THE INSTALLATION, PLANT OR
EQUIPMENT TO THE COMPETENT PERSON UNDERTAKING
INSTALLATION, TEST AND REPAIR WORKS.
 Efficient Management of Electrical Energy Regulations 2008 has
been gazetted on 15th December 2008. (Under Electricity Supply Act
1990)

 Key Provisions:
 Applied to big energy users
 Notification and appointment of Electrical Energy Manager
 Electrical Energy Management Policy
 Energy audit Recommendations for electrical energy management
 Monitoring and keeping of records
 Periodical reporting
 To whom it may apply?
Efficient Management Of
Electrical Energy Regulations 2008

Electrical Energy
Suppliers

Electrical Energy
Consumers

Electrical Energy
Generators
 Energy Supplier –Existing and new installation
 A licensee or supply authority who supply electrical energy to any
installation
 Obligation to submit information or documents to Energy Commission
regarding the names and particulars consumers

 Consumer
 Any installation which receives electrical energy from a licensee or supply
authority with a total electricity consumption equal to or exceeding
3,000,000kW has measured at one metering point or more over any period
of six consecutive months; or

 Generator
 Any installation used, worked or operated by a private installation licensee
with a total net electrical energy generation equal to or exceeding
3,000,000kWh over any period of six consecutive months;
 Generating electrical Energy for own consumption
6.(1)The Commission may, at any time by written notice, direct – by hand
or post:

a) To appoint or designate a registered electrical energy manager

(REEM) to carry out the functions and duties under regulation 16 at
the installation.
b) To submit a written confirmation of such appointment or designation
(name, particulars, date of expiry of registration).
c) To submit information regarding the statement of policy, objectives
and accounts & documents pertaining to efficient electrical energy
management.
d) To submit the report in FORM A of the second schedule
e) To submit FORM B - reports(that have been duly signed)
 To submit to the commission:

 The information as specific in (a) and (b) not later than three month
from the date of notice, and

 The information and report as specified in item (c, d and e) not

later than thirty days after the expiry of six consecutive month from
the date of notice and the subsequent six month regularly.
 No person shall engage in, be employed or hold himself out as a
registered electrical energy manager for the purposes of these
Regulations unless the person has been registered by the
Commission

 Any person who fails to comply with sub-regulation commits an

offence under these Regulations.
Malaysian citizen aged 23 years and above; and who
 Holds a certificate or registration as a Professional Engineer under the
Registration of Engineers Act 1967(Act138) and possesses at least six months
working experience in the efficient management of electrical energy at an
installation;
 Holds a degree in Science, Engineering, Architecture or its equivalent and
possesses at least one year working experience in the efficient management of
electrical energy at an installation; or
 Holds a Certificate of Competency issued by the Commission as an Electrical
Services Engineer or a Competent Electrical Engineer and possesses at
least nine months working experience in the efficient management of electrical
energy at an installation; and
 Demonstrates knowledge of the requirements of the Act and these Regulations.
 The Commission may require the person to attend an interview.
• To audit and analyse the total electrical energy consumption or
generation

• To advise in developing and implementing measures to ensure

efficient management of electrical energy at the installation

• To monitor effective implementation of the measures

• To supervise the keeping of records on efficient management of

electrical energy at the installation and verify its accuracy; and

• To ensure the timely submission of information and reports under

the regulations.
 Any person who commits an offence under the
Regulations shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not
exceeding five thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a
term not exceeding one year or both.