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  • Vitamin統整表

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    黃河洛
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    This document summarizes various B vitamins, their active forms, functions, and deficiency signs and symptoms. The B vitamins act as coenzymes in crucial metabolic processes like energy production from carbohydrates, fatty acid synthesis, and amino acid metabolism. Deficiencies can result in diseases like beriberi, pellagra, megaloblastic anemia. Vitamin C acts as a coenzyme for proline and lysine hydroxylation and its deficiency causes scurvy. Vitamins A and D are also summarized for their roles in cell differentiation, vision, and bone health.

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    Vitamin統整表

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    This document summarizes various B vitamins, their active forms, functions, and deficiency signs and symptoms. The B vitamins act as coenzymes in crucial metabolic processes like energy production from carbohydrates, fatty acid synthesis, and amino acid metabolism. Deficiencies can result in diseases like beriberi, pellagra, megaloblastic anemia. Vitamin C acts as a coenzyme for proline and lysine hydroxylation and its deficiency causes scurvy. Vitamins A and D are also summarized for their roles in cell differentiation, vision, and bone health.

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    54 views1 page

    Vitamin統整表

    Uploaded by

    黃河洛
    This document summarizes various B vitamins, their active forms, functions, and deficiency signs and symptoms. The B vitamins act as coenzymes in crucial metabolic processes like energy production from carbohydrates, fatty acid synthesis, and amino acid metabolism. Deficiencies can result in diseases like beriberi, pellagra, megaloblastic anemia. Vitamin C acts as a coenzyme for proline and lysine hydroxylation and its deficiency causes scurvy. Vitamins A and D are also summarized for their roles in cell differentiation, vision, and bone health.

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    Vitamin 統整表

    vitamin Active form function deficiency Signs and symptoms note


    Pyruvate dehydrogenase Beriberi 腳氣病(乾性、濕性) *乾性腳氣病:四肢肌肉乾癟 酒鬼
    Thiamine α-KG dehydrogenase Wernicke- Korsakoff: syndrome(精神病) *濕性腳氣病:全身水腫+濕 營養缺乏
    Vit B1
    pyrophosphate(TPP): tranketolase(HMP shunt) Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency *Wernicke:酗酒意識與視力模糊+步態不穩
    (Thiamine)
    去羧基反應、轉酮酶的輔酶 branched-chain AA dehydrogenase *Korsakoff:記不得+胡言亂語
    E1
    皮膚癌
    Vit B2 2C=Corneal vasculization + Cheilosis(口角炎)
    FMN,FAD→2ATP ETC 電子轉移 E3 口周圍炎
    (Riboflavin) *Cheilosis=angular stomatitis=唇乾裂
    紅舌頭
    Pyruvate Pellagra 癩皮病=3D Dermatitis 來源:
    Vit B3(Niacin)
    NAD+,NADP+→3ATP →Acetyl-CoA E3 =Dermatitis+ Dementia+ Diarrhea Diarrhea trptophan
    (Nicotinic acid)
    *癩皮病的失智老人,全身都是濕疹,坐在廁所拉肚子 Dementia
    Vit B5 E2
    CoA
    (Pantothenic acid) Acyl carrier

    Vitamin Active form function deficiency Signs and symptoms note


    Glycogen phosphorylase Glossitis 服用 Isoniazid(TB 用藥)、口服避孕藥導致缺乏
    AST(GOT),ALT(GPT)和轉胺酶 Neuropathy
    Vit B6 Pyridoxalphosphate(PLP)
    ALA synthetase 的輔酶 Homocysteinuria 痙攣
    (Pyridoxine) 轉胺反應
    (alanine+α-KG→pyruvate+glutamate) 焦躁不安(GABA↓)
    δ-aminoleveulinate synthase
    Carboxylation reaction(加 CO2): 生蛋含有 avidin 會造成缺乏
    加羧基
    Vit B7.B8 Pyruvate carboxylase
    [cf]vitB1 脫羧基
    (Biotin) Acetyl CoA carboxylase
    biotin 加羧基
    Propionyl CoA carboxylase
    Transfer one-carbon units: Megaloblastic anemia Megaloblastic anemia 孕婦與酒鬼常缺乏
    Vit B9 THF:接收甲基、給甲基 synthesis of methionine, purine and Periperal neuropathy Birth defects
    (Folic acid) 幫助 DNA 與 Myelin 合成 thymidine monophosphate. Neural tube defects (spinal bifida)
    Homocysteinuria
    Vit B12 Coenzyme for reactions: Pernicious anemia Megaloblastic anemia 長年素食、D.latum(廣節裂頭絛蟲)感染者易缺乏
    (cobalamin) Methylcobalamin Homocysteine→methionine Homocysteinuria 神經精神症狀 Dementia 須從外界攝食取得，人體無法自行合成
    [cf]a.a. activation Deoxyadenosyl cobalamin Methylmalonyl CoA→succinyl CoA Methylmalonic aciduria 內在因子@胃 parietal cell
    用 Mg2+ Spinal degeneration 吸收@迴腸
    Vit C Coenzyme for Pro/Lys 牙齦出血
    Ascorbic acid Scurvy 壞血病
    (Ascorbic acid) hydroxylation 傷口不易癒合

    ＊vitA(retinal=retinoic acid)：細胞分化(tretinioin 痘痘藥 A 酸成分)，致畸胎／缺乏：夜盲、眼角膜乾裂 ＊vitD：(促腸+腎吸收鈣跟磷)缺乏：ricket 小孩／osteomalacia 成人

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