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Drilling Questions and Solutions
Drilling Questions and Solutions
Name: LSU ID #:
General Instructions:
November / 2016
1) The mud density of a well is being increased from 10 to 12 lbm/gal. If the pump is stopped when the
interface between the two muds is at depth of 8,000 ft in the drillstring, what pressure must be held
at the surface by the annular blowout preventers to stop the well from flowing? What is the
equivalent density in annulus at 4,000 ft after the blowout preventers are closed?
Pressure increase at BOP annular = 0.052 * (12 -10) * 8,000 = 832 psig
Pressure @ 4,000 ft = 832 + 0.052 * 10 * 4,000 = 2,912 psig
Equiv. density @ 4,000 ft = 2,912 / 0.052 / 4,000 = 14 lbm/gal
832 psi
14 lbm/gal
2) Calculate the length of 8” O.D. x 3” I.D 147 lbf/ft drill collars required to safely provide
40,000 lbs WOB if the mud weight is 12.0 ppg. Safety Factor = 30%
(∆Pbit) = 8.311x10-5 x ρ x q2 / (Cd2 x At2) = 8.311x10-5 * 10 * 5002 / 0.952 / (0.45)2 = 1,137 psi
4) An operator desiring to increase the density of cement slurry may do so by adding the following
material __________________
a) Perlite
b) Bentonite
c) Barite (primary source for this application)
d) Salt
5) In determining the volume of an open hole with the diameter-squared method, a slightly larger figure
for diameter should be used to allow for _______________
a) Larger casing ID.
b) Hole enlargement
c) Errors in calculation
d) An extra amount of cement slurry as a safety factor.
7) Benefits derived from using a bottom plug in the cementing operation include ____________
a) Wiping mud film from inside the casing.
b) Reducing slurry contamination.
c) Preventing entry of air into slurry.
d) All of the above.
8) List three types of cement jobs (applications) that were discussed in class.
Cementing casing
Compute:
a. the density of the slurry, 15.92 Lbm/gal
b. the yield of the slurry, 1.19 ft3/sack
c. the number of sacks of cement required
Vol. of water = 4.97 gal/sack 702 or 698 sacks
Vol. of cement = 94 lbm/sack / (3.14 * 8.33) lbm/gal = 3.59 gal/sack
Vol. of salt = 0.15 * mass of water / (2.17 * 8.33 lbm/gal)
Mass of water = 4.97 gal/sack * 8.33 lbm/gal = 41.40 lbm/sack
Vol. of salt = 0.15 * 41.40 / (2.17 * 8.33) = 0.344 gal/sack
Vol. slurry = 4.97 + 3.59 + 0.344 = 8.90 gal/sack
Mass of slurry = mass water + mass cement + mass of salt = 41.4 + 94 + 0.15 * 41.40 = 141.61
lbm/sack
Density slurry = mass slurry / vol. slurry = 141.61 / 8.90 = 15.92 lbm/gal
Number of sacks: N = Vol. slurry total * 1.3 / yield or 1.3 applied only to the open-hole.
Vol. slurry total = (12.252 – 9.6252) * 2000 / 1029.4 + 8.5352 * 40 / 1029.4 = 114.4 bbl = 4,805 gal
N = 4,805 gal * 1.3 / 8.90 gal/sack = 702 sacks
OR
Vol. slurry total = (12.252 – 9.6252) * 2000*1.3 / 1029.4 + 8.5352 * 40 / 1029.4 = 147.9 bbl =
6210 gal
Cementing time = time mix + time displace = 1087 / 20 + 8.8352 * (13300 – 40) / 1029.4 / 9 =
166.1 min
11) A well is being drilled at a depth of 5,000 ft using water having a density of 8.33 lb/gal and a viscosity
of 1 cP as the drilling fluid. The drillpipe has an external diameter of 4.5 in. and an internal diameter
0f 3.826 in. The diameter of the hole is 6.5 in. The drillstring fluid is being circulated at a rate of 500
gal/min. Assume a relative roughness of zero.
b. Determine the frictional pressure loss gradient inside the drillpipe in psi/ft. 0.0513 psi/ft
dpf/ft = ρ0.75 * V1.75 * µ0.25 / (1,800 * d1.25)
= 8.330.75 * 13.9531.75 * 10.25 / (1,800 * 3.8261.25)
= 0.0513 psi/ft
d. Determine the frictional pressure loss gradient in the drill pipe annulus in 0.0729 psi/ft
psi/ft.
a) Determine the proper pump operating conditions (qmax) and bit jet nozzles total area (At) for
maximum bit hydraulic horsepower for the next bit run, if optimum hydraulics occurs in Interval
1.
514 gpm 0.344 in2
Determine m
m = log (∆pd1/∆pd2) / log (q1/q2) = log (903/275) / log (500/250) = 1.715
c) What impact force will be obtained at the conditions selected? 1,275 lbf
Fj = 0.01823*0.95*514*(10*2053)0.5 = 1,275 lbf
d) What nozzle velocity will be obtained at the conditions selected? 479 ft/s
Vnozzle = qopt / At = 514 gal/min *0.3209 min-ft-in2/gal-s / 0.344 in2 = 479 ft/s
PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 4045 – DRILLING ENGINEERING
EXAM #3 – FALL 2016
Formula Sheet
pp pb pd
928.ρ.𝑣
̅.𝑑
Nre = μ
37,100.𝜌.𝜏𝑦. 𝑑 2
𝑁𝐻𝑒 =
𝜇𝑝 2
𝑑𝑝𝑓
= 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡 𝑥 𝑞1.75 = 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡 𝑥 𝑞𝑚
𝑑𝐿
𝑑𝑝𝑓 𝜌0.75 .𝑉 1.75 𝜇0.25 𝜌0.75 .𝑞1.75 𝜇0.25
= =
𝑑𝐿 1,800.𝑑 1.25 8,624.𝑑 1.25