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UNIT-01( 7 MARKS)
Q.1 In the network shown in figure, switch S is closed at t =0, a steady state current
having previously been attained. Solve for the current as a function of time.

Q.2In the given network the switch K is closed at t =0, with the capacitor uncharged.
di d 2 i
Find the values for i, , at t =0+¿ ¿ ; if V = 100 volts, R =1000 Ω , C =1 μF .
dt dt

Q.3 In the network shown capacitor ‘C’ is initially charged to voltage V 0. The switch K
is closed at t =0. Solve for current i(t) using Laplace transform technique.

Q.4 In given network, switch K is closed, at t=0 with zero current in the inductor. Find
di d2i
the values of I, and 2 at t = 0 + if R = 10 Ω , L = 1 H, and V = 100 V.
dt dt
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Q.5 State and explain initial and final value theorem.

Q.6 At t = 0, a switch is closed, connecting a voltage source v = V sin ω t to a series RL
circuit. By the method of Laplace transformation, show that the current is given
by the equation:
V ωLV
I= sin(ωt−ϕ)+ 2 e−Rt / L
Z Z
ωL
Where Z =√ R2 +( ωL)2 and ϕ = tan−1
R

Q.7 Find an expression for i(t). When the switch is moved from position (1) to position
(2) 7
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Q.8 Using laplace transformation technique find I2 at t = ot, if at t = 0, K is closed.

7

Q.9Find initial value and final value of F(s):

5 s +3
(i) F(s) =
S ( s+1 )
4 e−2 s ( S+ 50)
(ii) F(s) =
S
S 2+ 6
(iii) F(s) = 2
S +7
Q.10 The network given in the Figure 1 contains a current- controlled voltage source.
For the element values given and with V1(t) = 5u(t), determine Va(t) if the network is
not energized at t = 0−¿, Let K1 = −¿3.
10
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Q.11 The waveform shown in Figure 2 consists of a train of pulses of magnitude which
decays exponentially. For the numerical values given in the figure, find the Laplace
transform of the waveform. F(s)
10

Q.12 State and prove initial and final value theorems

Q.13 In the given circuit switch K is opened at t = 0. Find the value of V,
dv d2 v +
and 2 at t = 0 .
dl dt
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Q.14 In the following circuit steady state is reached with S open. S is closed at t = 0.
dv
Find the value of VC(0−¿), VC(0+¿ ), and where v = 100v, R1 = 10Ω, R2 = 20Ω,
dl
R3 = 20Ω, h = 1 Henry, C = 1 micro farad.

Q.15 Determine the inverse Laplace of the following function using convolution
integral.
S+1
F (s)= 2
S (S + 4)
Q.16 For the network shown in fig-1(b) the switch K opened at t = 0.
dv d2 v
Solve for v, and
dt dt 2

Q.17 Find the Laplace transform of current i(t) in the network shown in fig.1(c). The
switch K is closed at t = 0.Draw the transform network for analysis on loop basis.
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Q.18 Find the Laplace transform of square wave shown in fig-1(d).

Q.19 Explain and derive initial value and final value theorem of Laplace
transformation.
Q.20 Using Laplace transformation technique, find i2 (t) at t = 0+ following switching at
t = 0 of which k in fig .1(c). Assume the network initially reenergized.
7

Q.21 The network shown in fig. 1(d) has two independent node pairs. If the switch k is
opened at t = 0, find the following quantities at t = 0+
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dv 1 dv 2
(i) v1, (ii) v2, (iii) , (iv)
dt dt

Q.22 For the network in fig .1, show that if switch S is switched at t = 0:
d2 i 1
dt 2 ¿ ¿

Q.23 In fig.2,at t = 0, the switch is closed, connecting a voltage source v =V sin wt, to
a series RL circuit. Find an expression for the current i by Laplace transformation
method. 7

Q.24 In the wave form of fig.3, v jumps to value b at t = 0 and then decreases
exponentially to value a at t = c and then drops zero value. The cycle is then
repeated with negative magnitudes.
Write an expression for this wave form using step functions. 7
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dv
Q.25The network shown in fig. no 1(a)has the switch K opened at t = 0. Solve for v,
dt
d2 v
and at t = 0+
dt 2

Q.26 State and explain initial and final value theorems. 8

Q.27 Consider the circuit shown in fig.no.1(c). The switch is thrown from position 1 to
2 at a time t = 0. Just before the switch is thrown, the initial conditions are iL (0+) =
2A and vc (0+) = 2V. Find the current i(t) after the switch is thrown. Assume L = 1
H, R = 3Ω, C = 0.5 F and V1 = 5 V. Use Laplace transform method.
8
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UNIT -2 (7 MARKS)
V2
Q.1 Find open circuir transfer impedance for the network shown in figure.
I1

Q.2Find Nortons equivalent circuit at terminals

Q.3 If the capacitors are uncharged and the inductor current zero at t =0−¿¿.in the
network of figure shown, find the transform of generator current .

Q.4 For the network of the figure, show that the equivalent. Thevenin network is
represented by
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V1
V θ= (1+ a+b−ab)
2
3−b
¿ Z o=
2

Q.5 In the network of the figure, the switch is opened at t = 0, steady state having
previously been established. With the switch open, draw the transform network for
analysis on the loop basis, representing all elements and all initial conditions.

Q.6 If the capacitors are uncharged and the inductor current zero at t = 0-, in the
given network, show that the transform of the generator current is:
10(s 2 +s +1)
I 1(s) =
( s 2+1 ) ( s 2+ 2 s+2)

Q.7 Find the current in 14Ω resistance by Thevenin’s theorem.

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Q.8 For the network shown with port 2 open find:

(i) The input impedance
v2
(ii)G12 = V (Voltage transfer ratio)
1

Q.9 Find the Fourier transform of:

1 for|x|<1
F(x) = {
0 for| X|>1
∞
Hence evaluate ∫ sinXX dx
0
Q.10 In the network given in figure 3, the switch is in position a until a steady state is
reached. At t = 0, the switch is moved to position b.Under that condition ,
determine the transform of the voltage across the 0.5-F capacitor using (a)
Thevenin’s theorem, and (b) Norton’s theorem.
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Q.11 The waveform given in figure 4 is a plot of a cosine function when the cosine is
positive and zero when the cosine is negative. For this periodic waveform,
determine the Fourier coefficients and plot the corresponding amplitude and
phase spectra.

Q.12 Discuss the steps to be followed to derive the Thevenin and Norton equivalent
networks.
Q.13 In the circuit below switch s is moved from position 1 to 2 at t = 0, while circuit
was at steady state before t = 0, Solve for the inductor current I2(t) for t > 0.
7
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Q.14 In the network given below switch K is opened at t = 0, steady state value having
attained prior to switching. Draw the s-domain circuit for t > 0 and then find the
value of V(t), t > 0.

Q.15 Given
K [ ( S+a ) sin ∅+b cos ∅ ]
I (s )=
( S+ a)2 b2
(i) Solve for w(t) using laplace transform and find i(o).
(ii) Use initial value theorem to find i(o)
Q.16 Draw the dual of the network shown in fig.2(b).

Q.17 The network shown in fig. 2(c) is a simple representation of transistor. For this
network determine the Thevenin’s equivalent network for the load resistance R 1.
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Q.18 For the LC network shown in Fig 2(d). Find the transform impedance t(s) in the
form of
P( s)
, p → zeros, t → poles
Q(s )

Q.19 Find out Vth and Zth at terminals ‘a – b’of the circuit of figure 2 (b).

Q.20 Determine the fourier transform of signum function and draw its continuous
amplitude and phase spectrum.
Q.21 In the network of figure 2 (d), switch k is located at t = 0, a steady state having
previously been reached. Find the current in the resistor R3 using Norton’s
theorem.
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Q.22 State and explain Thevenin’s theorem.

Q.23 For the network shown in fig. 2(c) draw the dual network and also write the
steps of obtaining dual network.

Q24 Determine the Fourier transform of the exponential voltage function given by
v = Ve -1/t for t ≥ 0
= 0 for t < 0 Also draw the magnitude and phase plot of obtained
transform.
Q.25 For the network shown in fig.4, find out the Thevenins equivalent network,
across terminals AB .

Q.26 For the LC network shown in fig.5, find the transform impedance Z(s), in the
form of P(s) /Q(s), P→ Zeros,Q → Poles.

Q.27 The waveform shown in fig.6, is a rectangular pulse of 1 μ sec duration and
amplitude of 10 volts. Sketch the continuous amplitude spectrum, indicating the
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frequencies, at which the envelop of spectrum has zero value.

Q.28 If the capacitors are unchanged and the inductor current zero at T = 0−¿, in the
network of fig. no.2 (a)Show that the transform of the generator current is :

10(S 2 +S +1)
I 1(s)= 2 .
( S +1 ) ( S 2+ 2 S+2)

Q.29 In the network of fig.no.2(b), the switch K is closed at t = 0, a steady state having
previously existed. Find the transform of current in the resistor R3 using
Thevenin’s theorem. 8
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Q.30 (i) Determine the Fourier transform of a gate function defined as:

−T +t
f(t) = 1; <t< =0 ; otherwise
2 2
(ii) Explain discrete and continuous spectrum.
Q.31 If the capacitors are unchanged and the inductor current zero at T = 0−¿, in the
network of fig. no.2 (a)Show that the transform of the generator current is :

10(S 2 +S +1)
I 1(s)= 2 .
( S +1 ) ( S 2+ 2 S+2)

Q.32 In the network of fig.no.2(b), the switch K is closed at t = 0, a steady state having
previously existed. Find the transform of current in the resistor R3 using
Thevenin’s theorem.

Q.33 (i) Determine the Fourier transform of a gate function defined as:

−T +t
f(t) = 1; <t< =0 ; otherwise
2 2
(ii) Explain discrete and continuous spectrum.

UNIT-3 (7 MARKS)
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Q.1 Explain the necessary condition for transfer function.
Q.2 Determine the stability of a system having characteristic equation given as
S6 +2 S 4 +2 S2 +1 =0 using R-H criterion
Q.3 For the circuit shown below find z-parameters, hence calculate admittance
parameters.

Q.4 (i) For the given network, show that with port 2 open, the input impedance at port
1 is 1 Ω .
(ii) Find the voltage-ratio transfer function, G 12 for the two-port network.

Q.5 Find the y parameters for the resistive network of the accompanying figure.
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V2
Q.6 Find out G 12 = for the circuit of figure.
V1

Q.7 Calculate impedance and admittance parameter.

I2
Q.8 Calculate ∝= for the network shown:
I1
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(d) Calculate the range of K for which the system is

given by characteristics eqn s3 + 7s2 + 10s + 10k = 0 is
stable.

Q.9 Define transfer function. Discuss the restrictions on pole and zero locations for
driving point functions. Why are they same for poles and zeros? What are the
necessary and sufficient conditions for the transfer function to be stable in terms
of its denominator polynomial?

Q.10 The network of Figure 5 represents a transistor over a different range of

frequencies. For this network, determine (a) The h parameters, and (b) the g
parameters.

Q.11Find the transmission parameters for two networks in cascade.

Q.12For the bridged-T network shown below find the value of
I 1 ( s) I 2 ( s)
Y11(s) = and Y12 (s) =
V 1 (S) V 1 (S)
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Q.13 Find the Z-parameters of the following two port network and hence show
whether the given network is reciprocal or symmetrical.
7

Q.14 Use Routh Hurwitz criterion to determine the number of roots with (i) positive
real part (ii) Zero real part (iii) negative real part in the following polynomial.

S5 + 5.5S4 + 14.5S3 + 8S2 −¿19S −¿10 = 0.

Q.15 Predict the stability of function by Routh Hurwitz criteria:
(i) 4s3 + 7s2 + 7s +2 = 0
(ii) s5 + 2s4 + 2s3 + 4s2 + 11s + 10 = 0.
Q.16 Explain the necessary and sufficient conditions for transfer function.

Q.17 Find driving point impedance at port 1and transfer impedance at port 1for the
network shown in fig. 3(d).
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Q.18 Find out ‘h’ parameters for the network of fig.3 (b).

Q.19 (i) Write down necessary conditions of pole-zero restrictions for driving point
function.
(ii) Find value of k for following characteristic equation to represent a stable
system.
S3 + 7 s2 + 10 s + 10 k = 0
V2
Q.20 Find out G12 = for the circuit of figure 3(d).
V1
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Q.21 Determine the driving point impedance and transfer voltage ratio function of the
given network in fig 3(b).

Q.22 For the network shown in fig 3(c) determine the Z-parameters.

Q.23 Check the stability of network function given by

P(s) = s6 + 5s5 + 11s5 + 25s3 + 36s2 + 30s + 36 = 0.
Also find the no of roots on right half of s-plane and imaginary roots of any.
Q.24 For the network shown in fig.7, determine y parameters.
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Q.25 Apply Bartletts bisection theorem to find the lattice equivalent of the network
shown in fig.8.

Q.26 Write down the restrictions on the pole zero locations of a driving point function.
(a) For the network shown in fig.no.3(a), find the driving point input impedance.
Plot the pole-zero pattern.

Q.27 State and explain the restrictions imposed upon the location of poles and zeros
of transfer functions.
Q.28 Find the transmission or ABCD parameters of the network shown in fig. no.3(c).
Find whether the network is:
(i) Reciprocal
(ii) Symmetrical
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UNIT-4 (7 MARKS)

Q.1 Test whether the following function is positive real

s 3 +5 s 2+ 9 s+ 3
Z(s)=
s3 + 4 s 2 +7 s +9
Q2 Find the first Foster form of following impedance function
Z(s)=s ¿ ¿
Q.3 An impedance function is given as
k ( s+1 ) ( s +4 )
Z(s)=
s ( s +3 )
If (−2)=1 ; realize the impedance in Cauer second form.
Q.4 Test whether following function is positive real of not :
s3 + s 2+3 s+5
F (s)=
s 2+ 6 s +8
Q.5 Synthesize the network in the first Foster from for the impedance function :
2 ( s2 +1 ) ( s2 +9)
Z(s)=
s(s+ 4)
Q.6 Consider the driving point impedance Z(s) to be
( s+3 )( s+5 )
Z(s)=¿
s ( s+ 4 )
Find the Cauer form of RC Network.
Q.7 Test for positive Real:
2 s2 +2 s+ 1
F(s) =
s 3+ 2 s2 + s+2
−130
Q.8 An impedance function has the pole-zero pattern shown in fig. if Z( −¿2) =
16
synthetize the impedance in cauer I and II
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Q.9 An impedance function is given by:

( s+1 ) (s+ 4)
Z(s)=
s ( s+2 ) ( s+5)
Find R-C representation of Foster -I and II forms.
Q.10 Test whether the function is driving point immittances of LC networks or not. If
yes, then obtain the first and second form of Foster network.
( S2 +1 ) ( S2 +9)
Z(s)=2
S (S 2 +4)

Q.11 Diagnose whether the given impedance function represents a RL or RC network

and finds its first and second cauer forms.
( s+ 4 ) (s+ 2)
Z(s)=
( s +3 ) (s+1)
Q.12 List the properties of RC impedance and admittance functions.
Q.13 Test whether the following function is positive real
S 4 +2 S3 +3 S 2 +S +1
H (s)= 4 3
S + S +3 S2 +2 S +1
Q.14 Test whether the following is a LC network and obtain the Foster-1 form
realization for the network function.
S(S2 + 4)
Z(s)=
( S 2+1 ) (S 2+ 9)
Q.15Obtain the Caur-1 realization for the following network function.

S2 +8 S+15
Z(s)=
S 2+ 4 S
Q.16 Test the following functions for positive realness.
S+ 4
(i) 2
S + 2 S+5
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S2 +5
(ii)
S 4 +2 S 2 +1
Q.17 Realise the 1st form of the Foster network for the impedance function.
( S 2+ 1 ) (S 2 +16)
t (s )=
S( S 2+ 4)
Q.18 Explain the method of “Cauer form” for RC network synthesis.
Q.19 Test whether following function is positive real or not:
S 3+ S 2+ 3 S+5
F(s) =
S2 +6 S +8
Q.20 An impedance function has pole zero pattern as shown in fig. 4(c). Synthesize
impedance in Foster –I form
−130
If z(−¿2) =
16

Q.21 An impedance function is given by:

( s+ 1 ) (s +4)
z (s )=
s ( s+2 )(s+ 5)
Find R-C representation of Cauer –I form.
Q.22 Check whether the function:
2 S2 +2 S+ 1
z (s )=
S 3+ 2 S2 + S+2
is a PR function.
Q.23 Find the first Cauer form of RC network
( s+ 3 ) ( s+6)
z (s )=
( s +1 ) ( s+5)
Q.24 State the properties of LC driving point immittance function.
Q.25 Test the positive realness of the function:
S 2 +S +6
P( S)=
S2 + S+1
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Q.26 Realise the 1st form of the Foster network for the impedance function:

( S2 +1 ) ( S2 +16 )
Z ( S )=
S ( S 2+ 4 )
Q.27 Explain the method of “Cauer Form” for RC network synthesis.
Q.28 What do you understand by a Positive Real Function? Explain the procedure
for testing positive real character of a rational function F(s).
S 2+ a1 s+ a0
Q.29 Show that the condition for the biquadratic function F(s)= 2
s + b1 s+ b0
2
To be positive real is given by a 1 b1 ≥ ( √ a0 −√ b0 ) .
Q.30 Synthesize the network in the first Foster form for the impedance function:

2 ( S2 +1 ) ( S2 +9)
Z(s)=
s ( S2 +4 )

Unit-5 ( 7 marks )
Q.1Design a prototype band-pass filter having cut-off frequencies of 4 kHz and 6 kHz
and a nominal characteristic impedance of 628 Ω .

Q.2 Design a constant K low pass filter having cut-off frequency 2.5 kHz and a design
resistance R0 =700 Ω .
Q.3 Design T-section of m-derived high pass filter having nomical characteristic
impedance R0 =600 Ω , cut frequency f c = 4 kHz and infinite attenuation frequency f ∞ =
3.6 kHz.
Q.4 Design constant-K-T-section and π -section low-pass filter having cutoff frequency
f c = 600 Ω .
Q.5 Write down the short comings of passive filters. How these are overcome in active
filters ? Hence explain Butterworth filter.
(d) Design a prototype band-pass section (T and ) having cutoff frequency off 3000 Hz
6000 Hz and nominal characteristic impedance of 600 Ω . Also find the resonant
frequency of shunt arm of series arm.
Q.6 Design a high pass filter (both π and T networks) having a cut- off frequency of
2kHz with a load resistance of 300 Ω.
Q.7 Classify filters in detail.
Q.8 (i) Design a low pass filter (both π and T- N/ws) having a cut-off frequency of 1
kHz to operate with a laminated load resistance of 200Ω .
(ii) Find the frequency at which this filter offers attenuation of 19.1 dB.
Q.9 Enumerate the drawbacks of constant K filter.
Design a high pass (T and ∏ section) having a cut off frequency of 2 kHz with
nominal characteristic impedance 800 Ω.
Q.10 Prove that the characteristic impedance of a symmetrical T network (ZOT) is
geometrical mean of open circuit impedance ZOC and short circuit ZSC of the
network shown in Figure 6.
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Q.11 Design a m−¿derived low pass filter using T- section which is to be terminated in
500 Ω resistance. It must have a cut off frequency of 1 kHz with very high
attenuation at 1.065.Khz.

Q.12 Design both T and Π sections of a high pass filter having an infinite frequency
characteristic impedance of 300Ω and a cut-off frequency of 2000 hertz.
Q.13 Design a prototype band pass filter section (T network) having cut off frequencies
of 3000 Hertz and 6000 Hertz and nominal characteristic impedance of 600 ohm.
Also find the resonant frequency of short arm.

Q.14 Design m-derived Π -network low pass filter with nominal characteristic
impedance R0 = 900Ω, cut-off frequency fc = 0.9 kilo hertz and infinite attenuation
(or resonant) frequency F ∞ = 1 kilo hertz.

Q.15 Derive the circuit parameters like L, C, Fc, ∝ and β for the prototype (K =
constant) low pass filter.
Q.16 What is a filter? How filters are classified? Give ideal gain versus frequency
characteristics of various types of filters.
Q.17 Design a band-pass m-derived filter with specification:
R1 = 500 Ω. R2 = R3 = 750 Ω
For a Π - Type attenuator.
Assume m = 0.6 and determine the frequencies at which maximum attenuation
is achieved.
Q.18 Design a constant-K band pass filter with cut off frequencies of 3 kHz and 7.5
kHz and nominal characteristic impedance R0 = 900 ohm. Draw the obtained filter
circuit.
Q.19 Determine the nominal characteristic impedance or load resistance and the cut
off frequency for ‘T’ and ‘ π ’ network low pass filters shown in fig.5(c) (i) & (ii).
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Q.20 Write down the short comings of passive filters. How these are overcome in active
filters? Hence explain Butterworth filter.
Q.21 Discuss the following properties of a filter
(i) Characteristic impedance
(ii) Pass band characteristic
(iii) Cut off frequency characteristic
Why filters are used in a circuit?
Q.22 Design a T and π section constant – K high pass filter having cut off frequency of
12 kHz and nominal impedance R0 = 500Ω. Also find:
(i) Its characteristic impedance and phase constant at 24 kHz.
(ii) Attenuation at 4 kHz.

Q.23 Design T and π section of m-derived high pass filter having design impedance of
600Ω, cut off frequency 4 kHz and infinite attenuation at 3.6 kHz.

Q.24 Design an m-derived low pass filter with T-section having cut off frequency 7.2
kHz and infinite attenuation at ∫ ∞ = 7.5 kHz and Rk = 500 Ω.

Q.25 A high pass constant - K filter with ∫ c = 20 kHz is required to produce a

maximum attenuation at 18 kHz when used with terminating resistance of 500 Ω.
Design a suitable m-derived:
(i) T – Section
(ii) π −¿Section
Q.26 Design a band-pass m- derived filter with specification R1 = 500Ω, R2 = R3 = 750Ω
for a π type attenuator. Assume m = 0.6 and determine the frequencies at which
maximum attenuation is achieved.

Q.27 Design constant –K T-section and π -section low-pass filter having cutoff
frequency f c = 2 kHz and nominal characteristic impedance R0 = 600 Ω.

Q.28 (i) Explain the principle of m-derived filters.

(ii) Enumerate the drawbacks of constant –K filters.
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