BESSEL FILTER

Introduction

A Bessel filter is a type of analogue linear

filter used within RF and other electronic
applications that has a maximally flat group or
phase delay. This preserves a wave shape of
signals within the pass-band.

There are some RF and in particular audio

applications where the preservation of the
wave shape and phase of components within a Figure 1. Structure the Bessel Filter
signal is important. Audio crossover units is http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Sall
just one example, although many others exist. en-Key_Lowpass_General.svg/400px-Sallen-Key_Lowpass_Gen
eral.svg.png
It is in these applications where the Bessel
filter is an ideal solution. Basic Structure

As might be expected, the Bessel filter The bessel filter belongs to the Sallen key
provides a slower transition from pass-band to topology, it composed of capacitors, resistors
stop-band than for other forms of filter of the and also amplifiers as shown in Figure 1, the
same order. number of these elements are determined
notes, e., 2020. ​What Is A Bessel Filter - The Basics » Electronics Notes​. [online]
depending on the order of filter that you want
Electronics-notes.com. Available at:
<https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/radio/rf-filters/what-is-bessel-filter-basic
to obtain.
s.php> [Accessed 16 March 2020].

BESSEL FILTER

Their construction aims to maintain linearity in

the passband phase (at the cost of a general
signal delay), and they have a fairly wide
transition zone. As a consequence, the
attenuation of the passband to the Bessel
approximation is much less than the Figure 2. Structure the Bessel Filter
Butterworth approximation. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Sall
en-Key_Lowpass_General.svg/400px-Sallen-Key_Lowpass_Gen
eral.svg.png

Physical Composition
 Previously the filters were made up of
resistors, capacitors and inductors, however in
this way the calculations became very
laborious. On the other hand, their advantage
was that they had a very low sensitivity, which
means that when the actual value of the
elements is different from the desired ideal
value, the change between the expected
response of the filter and the real one is very
similar, which makes it approximate enough to
the expected response for the filter.

In 1955 R.P Sallen and E.L.Key discovered a Fig 5.Bode diagram high passes Bessel response
simpler way to design the filters using
resistors, capacitors and operational amplifiers.
The calculations to implement these filters in
Calculations
this way became easier, however their
sensitivity is much higher
Stage 1.
JESUS, E., JESUS, E., JESUS, E., JESUS, E., JESUS, E., JESUS, E., JESUS, E. and
perfil, V., 2020. ​FILTROS BESSEL​. [online] Filtrosbessel.blogspot.com. Available at: Av = 1
<https://filtrosbessel.blogspot.com/> [Accessed 16 March 2020].
Precautions in its handling. Q = 0.52
Fc = 5.3k
For an adequate design of this type of filters,
K = 1.42
the following table must be taken into account:
R2= 6.8k Ω

Fc/K = Fp
Fp = 3708

Q=0.5 √R1/R2
Figure 3. Table of edition Bessel filter.
0.52= 0.5 √R1/6.8k
https://images.app.goo.gl/8NNEPc5LweNBczkX9
ELECTRONIC DIAGRAMS R1 = 7354Ω

High pass filter of order 4 of Bessel type as Fp= 1/ 2 π *C √R1 * R2

can be seen in Fig. 2 and its respective C =1/ Fp *2 π √R1 * R2
response in Bode diagram seen in Fig. 3. C = 1/ 3708 *2 π √6.8k * 7354
taking into account that non-commercial C = 6.06 nF
resistances will be made using trimmers and in
the case of the capacitors if necessary parallels
or series were made depending on the case that
is required

Fig 4. Bessel filter circuit

Figure 6.Bessel filter first stage
Stage 2.
Av = 1
Q = 0.8055
Fc = 5.3k
K = 1.602
R2= 6.8k Ω

Fc/K = Fp
Fp = 3307

Q=0.5 √R1/R2
0.8055= 0.5 √R1/6.8k
R1 = 17845Ω

Fp= 1/ 2 π *C √R1 * R2
C =1/ Fp *2 π √R1 * R2
C = 1/ 3307*2 π √6.8k * 17845
C = 4.36 nF

Figure 7.Second stage Bessel filter

Conclusions
● For the bessel filter to have the correct
response, you must have the exact
values ​of resistors and capacitors.
● This type of filter is used in audio due
to its linearity
● When doing the practice, this type of
filter gave the group difficulties
because if they do not have the
corresponding value for the
calculations, the filter will not give the
desired results.