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TS en 60584 1 2014
TS en 60584 1 2014
TS EN 60584-1 : 2014-02
English version
Thermocouples -
Part 1: EMF specifications and tolerances
(IEC 60584-1:2013)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2013-10-02. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
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Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
© 2013 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Foreword
The text of document 65B/873/FDIS, future edition 3 of IEC 60584-1, prepared by SC 65B
"Measurement and control devices" of IEC/TC 65 "Industrial-process measurement, control and
automation" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as
EN 60584-1:2013.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60584-1:2013 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated:
IEC 60584-1
®
Edition 3.0 2013-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Thermocouples –
Part 1: EMF specifications and tolerances
Couples thermoélectriques –
Partie 1: Spécifications et tolérances en matière de FEM
IEC 60584-1:2013
TS EN 60584-1 : 2014-02
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IEC 60584-1
®
Edition 3.0 2013-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Thermocouples –
Part 1: EMF specifications and tolerances
Couples thermoélectriques –
Partie 1: Spécifications et tolérances en matière de FEM
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE PRICE CODE
CODE PRIX XB
ICS 17.200.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-1047-5
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TS EN 60584-1 : 2014-02
CONTENTS
FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................... 4
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 6
1 Scope ............................................................................................................................... 7
2 Terms and definitions ....................................................................................................... 7
3 Thermocouple designations .............................................................................................. 8
4 EMF – Temperature reference functions ........................................................................... 9
5 Thermocouple tolerances ............................................................................................... 14
6 Thermoelectric values at the fixed points of the ITS-90 ................................................... 15
Annex A (informative) Tables for EMF as a function of temperature ..................................... 17
Annex B (informative) Inverse polynomial functions ............................................................. 57
Annex C (informative) Guidance on the selection of thermocouples ..................................... 64
Bibliography .......................................................................................................................... 68
THERMOCOUPLES –
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60584-1 has been prepared by sub-committee 65B: Measurement
and control devices, of IEC technical committee 65: Industrial-process measurement,control
and automation.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 1995. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
d) the range of the polynomial relating the EMF of Type K thermocouples is restricted to
1 300 °C;
e) values of the Seebeck coefficients are given at intervals of 10 °C;
f) thermoelectric data (EMF and Seebeck coefficients) are given at the fixed points of the
ITS-90;
g) some guidance is given in Annex C regarding the upper temperature limits and
environmental conditions of use for each thermocouple type.
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of the IEC 60584 series, under the general title Thermocouples can be found
on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
reconfirmed,
withdrawn,
replaced by a revised edition, or
amended.
TS EN 60584-1 : 2014-02
INTRODUCTION
This International Standard relates the electromotive force (hereafter abbreviated as EMF)
generated by the designated thermocouple types to temperature, based upon the International
Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90).
The reference polynomials for Types R, S, B, J, T, E, K and N are those used in the previous
edition of this standard, IEC 60584-1:1995 1. They were originally produced by the National
Institute of Standards and Technology of the USA and published in NIST Monograph 175,
1993.
This edition merges two parts of the former IEC 60584 series, IEC 60584-1:1995 (Reference
tables) and IEC 60584-2:1982 (Tolerances) and supersedes both standards.
IEC 60584-3:2007 remains valid.
—————————
1 See Bibliography.
TS EN 60584-1 : 2014-02
THERMOCOUPLES –
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60584 specifies reference functions and tolerances for letter-designated
thermocouples (Types R, S, B, J, T, E, K, N, C and A). Temperatures are expressed in
degrees Celsius based on the International Temperature Scale of 1990, ITS-90 (symbol t 90 ),
and the EMF (symbol E) is in microvolts.
The reference functions are polynomials which express the EMF, E in V, as a function of
temperature t 90 in °C with the thermocouple reference junctions at 0 °C. Values of EMF at
intervals of 1 °C are tabulated in Annex A.
For convenience of calculating temperatures, inverse functions are given in Annex B which
express temperature as functions of EMF within stated accuracies.
Annex C gives guidance on the selection of thermocouples with regard to temperature range
and environmental conditions.
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1
thermoelectric effect
Seebeck effect
production of an electromotive force (EMF) due to a temperature gradient along a conductor
2.2
Seebeck coefficient of a thermocouple
change in EMF of a thermocouple combination per unit of temperature change, being the first
derivative of EMF with respect to temperature.
2.3
thermocouple
pair of conductors of dissimilar materials joined at one end and forming part of an
arrangement using the thermoelectric effect for temperature measurement
2.4
measuring junction
junction of the thermocouple subjected to the temperature to be measured
TS EN 60584-1 : 2014-02
2.5
reference junction
junction of the thermocouple at a known (reference) temperature
Note 1 to entry: For the specified EMFs of this standard, the reference temperature is 0 °C.
2.6
tolerance
maximum initial permissible deviation from the EMF specification of this standard
Note 1 to entry: The tolerance is expressed as the temperature equivalent in degrees Celsius Celsius (°C).
3 Thermocouple designations
When a thermocouple is identified by the materials of its conductors, the positive conductor
shall be listed first, thus: ‘positive conductor / negative conductor’.
The positive conductor is the conductor having a positive electric potential with respect to the
other conductor when the measuring junction is at a higher temperature than the reference
junction.
Table 1 lists the thermocouple types for which EMFs are specified in this standard. Each letter
designation of the table identifies the EMF-temperature reference function in the Tables 2 to
11. The designation may be applied to any thermocouple conforming to the relevant function
within the stated tolerances specified in Clause 5, regardless of its composition.
Conformity with alloy specification listed in this clause does not guarantee conformity with the
EMF-temperature relationship of this standard.
TS EN 60584-1 : 2014-02
NOTE
– Standard alloy compositions have not been established for base metal thermocouple alloys except Type N,
but it should be noted that the compositions are not so critical as the matching of the positive and negative
conductor. In particular, the negative conductor of Type J, Type E and Type T thermocouples are generally
not interchangeable with each other. Likewise positive conductors of Type C and A are not necessary
interchangeable.
– For Type N thermocouple the following composition (percentages of total by weight) is recommended in
order to obtain the desired properties like good stability and oxidation resistance.
Positive conductor (known as Nicrosil): 13,7% to 14,7 % Cr%, 1,2 to 1,6 % Si, less than 0,15 % Fe, less than
0,05 % C, less than 0,01 % Mg, balance Ni.
Negative conductor (known as Nisil): less than 0,02 % Cr, 4,2 % to 4,6 % Si, less than 0,15 % Fe, less than
0,05 % C, 0,0 5% to 0,2 % Mg, balance Ni.
The temperature and EMF relationships of this standard are defined by reference functions
which give EMF, E/ V, as a function of the temperature, t 90 /°C, with a reference temperature
of 0 °C.
The reference function of polynomial form for each type of thermocouple, except for Type K in
the temperature range from 0 °C to 1 300 °C, is defined by the following equation.
n
E a i (t90 )i (1)
i 0
where
E is EMF, expressed in microvolts ( V);
t 90 is ITS-90 temperature, expressed in degrees Celsius (°C);
ai is the i th coefficient of the polynomial;
n is the order of the polynomial.
The values of a i and n are dependent on the type of thermocouple and temperature range.
Those for each thermocouple are given in the Tables 2 to 11.
TS EN 60584-1 : 2014-02
– 10 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
For the Type K in the temperature range from 0 °C to 1 300 °C, the reference function is
defined by the following equation.
n
E ai (t90 )i c0 exp[c1 (t90 126,968 6)2 ] (2)
i 0
where
E is EMF, expressed in microvolts ( V);
t 90 is ITS-90 temperature, expressed in degrees Celsius (°C);
ai is the i th coefficient of the polynomial;
n is the order of the polynomial;
c 0, c 1 are constants given in Table 8.
Annex B gives inverse functions relating temperature to EMF within stated accuracies.
NOTE 1 Depending on the processing power available, rounding errors may arise in the calculations using these
polynomials. This can be avoided by using the technique of nested multiplication. Thus, form the product a n t, add
a (n-1) , multiply the result by t, etc, continuing through the series, finally adding a 0 to obtain the result:
60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 11 –
The specified function for Type J (Table 5) extends up to 1 200 °C; however, it should be
noted that when a Type J thermocouple has been used above 760 °C, its performance below
760 °C may not conform to the lower part of the function within specified tolerances.
TS EN 60584-1 : 2014-02
– 12 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 13 –
In the temperature range 0 °C to 1 300 °C, for Type K (Table 8) use equation (2) with
constants c 0 ,c 1 as given in the above Table.
– 14 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
Reprinted, with permission, from ASTM E230/E230M-12, Standard Specification and Temperature-Electromotive
Force (emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428.
a0 0,000 000 0 10 0
a1 1,195 190 5 10 1
a2 1,667 262 5 10 –2
a3 –2,828 780 7 10 –5
a4 2,839 783 9 10 –8
a5 –1,850 500 7 10 –11
a6 7,363 212 3 10 –15
a7 –1,614 887 8 10 –18
a8 1,490 167 9 10 –22
NOTE 2 The coefficient a 0 is here set to zero, contrary to the specification of GOST R 8.585, 2001.
5 Thermocouple tolerances
Thermocouple tolerances shall be as specified in Table 12. Users are cautioned that the
tolerances in Table 12 apply to new wire only and do not allow for changes in the EMF which
may occur with use.
The temperature limits referred to in Table 12 are not necessarily recommended operating
temperature limits. Guidance on operating temperature limits is given in Annex C
For the purpose of testing there should be no discontinuity of conductors between the
measuring and the reference junction.
TS EN 60584-1 : 2014-02
60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 15 –
Tolerances and ranges of validity which differ from values given in Table 12 shall be agreed
between manufacturer and user.
– 16 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
Water TP 0,0 0,0 0,0 0.5 0,4 0,6 0,4 0,3 0,1 0,8
0,01 °C 5,3 5,4 –0,2 50,4 38,7 58,7 39,5 25,9 13,4 12,0
Gallium MP 169,2 171,4 –2,1 1 524,4 1 186,8 1 786,6 1 193,7 786,7 409,4 370,5
29,764 6 °C 6,1 6,1 0,1 52,0 41,1 61,4 40,7 27,0 14,1 12,9
Indium FP 1 095,7 1 082,3 101,9 8 374,2 7 036,4 10 259,7 6 403,7 4 510,0 2 359,2 2 188,0
156,598 5 °C 8,3 8,0 1,5 55,2 50,6 71,6 40,2 31,7 16,5 15,5
Tin FP 1 756,2 1 715,0 247,4 1 2551,7 11 013,2 15 809,2 9 420,5 6 980,9 3 644,0 3 387,5
231,928 °C 9,2 8,7 2,3 55,5 54,9 75,5 40,4 33,9 17,6 16,3
Zinc FP 3 611,3 3 446,9 867,8 22 925,4 - 30 511,9 17 223,1 13 701,2 7 104,3 6 536,4
419,527 °C 10,5 9,6 4,3 55,2 - 80,3 42,3 37,4 19,1 17,0
Aluminium FP 6 277,1 5 860,1 2 167,0 36 695,0 - 49 943,1 27 460,7 22 970,5 11 785,8 10 621,2
660,323 °C 11,6 10,4 6,5 60,7 - 80,1 42,2 39,2 19,5 16,8
Silver FP 10 003,4 9 148,4 4 490,7 55 669,0 - 73 494,3 39 778,1 34 776,1 17 554,3 15 529,5
961,78 °C 13,1 11,4 8,9 60,3 - 75,6 39,4 38,8 18,6 15,7
NOTE TP, MP and FP stand for triple point, melting point and freezing point respectively.
TS EN 60584-1 : 2014-02
60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 17 –
Annex A
(informative)
A.1 General
This Annex gives values of EMF E in V, at intervals of 1 °C for all the thermocouple types,
using the reference functions specified in Clause 4. Values of the Seebeck coefficient, S in
( V/°C ), are given at intervals of 10 °C.
A.2 Type R
0 5,3 0 –5 – 11 – 16 – 21 – 26 – 31 – 36 – 41 –46 0
– 10 5,0 – 51 – 56 – 61 – 66 – 71 – 76 – 81 – 86 – 91 –95 – 10
– 20 4,7 – 100 – 105 – 109 – 114 – 119 – 123 – 128 – 132 – 137 –141 – 20
– 30 4,4 – 145 – 150 – 154 – 158 – 163 – 167 – 171 – 175 – 180 –184 – 30
– 40 4,1 – 188 – 192 – 196 – 200 – 204 – 208 – 211 – 215 – 219 –223 – 40
– 50 3,7 – 226 – 50
TS EN 60584-1 : 2014-02
– 18 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
Table A.1 (2 of 5)
60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 19 –
Table A.1 (3 of 5)
– 20 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
Table A.1 (4 of 5)
60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 21 –
Table A.1 (5 of 5)
A.3 Type S
Table A.2 – Type S: Platinum-10 % rhodium / platinum (1 of 5)
0 5,4 0 –5 – 11 – 16 – 21 – 27 – 32 – 37 – 42 –48 0
– 10 5,1 – 53 – 58 – 63 – 68 – 73 – 78 – 83 – 88 – 93 –98 – 10
– 20 4,9 – 103 – 108 – 113 – 117 – 122 – 127 – 132 – 136 – 141 –146 – 20
– 30 4,6 – 150 – 155 – 159 – 164 – 168 – 173 – 177 – 181 – 186 –190 – 30
– 40 4,3 – 194 – 199 – 203 – 207 – 211 – 215 – 219 – 224 – 228 –232 – 40
– 50 4,0 – 236 – 50
TS EN 60584-1 : 2014-02
– 22 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
Table A.2 (2 of 5)
60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 23 –
Table A.2 (3 of 5)
– 24 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
Table A.2 (4 of 5)
60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 25 –
Table A.2 (5 of 5)
– 26 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
A.4 Type B
60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 27 –
Table A.3 (2 of 4)
– 28 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
Table A.3 (3 of 4)
60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 29 –
Table A.3 (4 of 4)
– 30 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
A.5 Type J
60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 31 –
Table A.4 (2 of 4)
– 32 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
Table A.4 (3 of 4)
60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 33 –
Table A.4 (4 of 4)
– 34 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
A.6 Type T
60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 35 –
Table A.5 (2 of 2)
– 36 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
A.7 Type E
60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 37 –
Table A.6 (2 of 3)
– 38 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
Table A.6 (3 of 3)
60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 39 –
A.8 Type K
– 40 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
Table A.7 (2 of 4)
60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 41 –
Table A.7 (3 of 4)
– 42 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
Table A.7 (4 of 4)
60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 43 –
A.9 Type N
– 44 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
Table A.8 (2 of 4)
60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 45 –
Table A.8 (3 of 4)
– 46 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
Table A.8 (4 of 4)
60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 47 –
A.10 Type C
Table A.9 – Type C: Tungsten-5 % rhenium / tungsten-26 % rhenium (1 of 5)
– 48 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
Table A.9 (2 of 5)
60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 49 –
Table A.9 (3 of 5)
– 50 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
Table A.9 (4 of 5)
60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 51 –
Table A.9 (5 of 5)
– 52 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
A.11 Type A
Table A.10 – Type A: Tungsten-5 % rhenium / tungsten-20 % rhenium (1 of 5)
60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 53 –
Table A.10 (2 of 5)
– 54 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
Table A.10 (3 of 5)
60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 55 –
Table A.10 (4 of 5)
– 56 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
Table A.10 (5 of 5)
60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 57 –
Annex B
(informative)
These inverse functions express temperature as a function of EMF, within the stated
accuracies.
Each type of thermocouple inverse polynomial function is specified as the equation below:
n
t 90 di E i
i 0
where
E is EMF, expressed in microvolts ( V);
T is ITS-90 temperature, expressed in degrees Celsius (°C);
d i is the i th coefficient of the polynomial;
n is the order of the polynomial.
d i and n are dependent on the type of thermocouple and temperature range. Values of d i are
given in the Tables from B.1 to B.10.
The errors (maximum and minimum) in temperature values obtained from each of the inverse
functions relative to temperature values obtained from the respective reference function are
shown. These inverse functions should not be extrapolated beyond their stated ranges.
TS EN 60584-1 : 2014-02
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Temperature range
Polynomial –50 °C to 250 °C ( n = 10 ) 250 °C to 1 064 °C ( n = 9 )
coefficient
– 226 V to 1 923 V 1 923 V to 11 361 V
Temperature range
Polynomial
1 064 °C to 1 664,5 °C ( n = 5 ) 1 664,5 °C to 1 768,1 °C ( n = 4 )
coefficient
11 361 V to 19 739 V 19 739 V to 21 103 V
Error / °C Max. = 0,001 Min. > – 0,000 5 Max. = 0,001 Min. = –0,001
TS EN 60584-1 : 2014-02
60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 59 –
Temperature range
Polynomial
–50 °C to 250 °C ( n = 9 ) 250 °C to 1 064 °C ( n = 9 )
coefficient
235 V to 1 874 V 1 874 V to 10 332 V
Temperature range
Polynomial
1 064 °C to 1 664,5 °C ( n = 5 ) 1 664,5 °C to 1 768,1 °C ( n = 4 )
coefficient
10 332 V to 1 7536 V 17 536 V to 18 694 V
Error / °C Max. < 0,000 5 Min. > – 0,000 5 Max. = 0,001 Min. = –0,002
Temperature range
Polynomial
250 °C to 700 °C ( n = 8 ) 700 °C to 1 820 °C ( n = 8 )
coefficient
291 V to 2 431 V 2 431 V to 13 820 V
– 60 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
Temperature range
Polynomial
–210 °C to 0 °C ( n = 8 ) 0 °C to 760 °C ( n = 7 ) 760 °C to 1 200 °C ( n = 5 )
coefficient
–8 095 V to 0 V 0 V to 42 919 V 42 919 V to 69 553 V
Temperature range
Polynomial
–200 °C to 0 °C ( n = 7 ) 0 °C to 400 °C ( n = 6 )
coefficient
–5 603 V to 0 V 0 V to 20 872 V
60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 61 –
Temperature range
Polynomial
–200 °C to 0 °C ( n = 8 ) 0 °C to 1 000 °C ( n = 9 )
coefficient
–8 825 V to 0 V 0 V to 76 373 V
Temperature range
Polynomial
–200 °C to 0 °C ( n = 8 ) 0 °C to 500 °C ( n = 9 ) 500 °C to 1 300 °C ( n = 6 )
coefficient
–5 891 V to 0 V 0 V to 20 644 V 20 644 V to 52 410 V
– 62 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
Temperature range
Polynomial
–200 °C to 0 °C ( n = 9 ) 0 °C to 600 °C ( n = 7 ) 600 °C to 1 300 °C ( n = 5 )
coefficient
–3 990 V to 0 V 0 V to 20 613 V 20 613 V to 47 513 V
Temperature range
Polynomial
0 °C to 2 315 °C ( n = 9 )
coefficient
0 V to 37 070 V
d0 0,000 000 00 10 0
d1 7,412 473 26 10 –2
d2 –4,280 828 13 10 –6
d3 5,211 389 20 10 –10
d4 –4,574 872 01 10 –14
d5 2,805 782 84 10 –18
d6 –1,131 451 37 10 –22
d7 2,854 896 84 10 –27
d8 –4,076 438 28 10 –32
d9 2,513 580 71 10 –37
Error / °C Max. = 0,5 Min. = –0,5
TS EN 60584-1 : 2014-02
60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 63 –
Temperature range
Polynomial
100 °C to 2 480 °C ( n = 8 )
coefficient
1 337 V to 33 485 V
d0 0,964 302 7 10 0
d1 7,949 508 6 10 –2
d2 – 4,999 031 0 10 –6
d3 0,634 177 6 10 –9
d4 – 4,744 096 7 10 –14
d5 2,181 133 7 10 –18
d6 – 5,832 422 8 10 –23
d7 8,243 372 5 10 –28
d8 – 4,592 848 0 10 –33
Error / °C Max. = 0,3 Min. = –0,3
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Annex C
(informative)
When users choose a thermocouple they should pay attention to aspects such as the Type
and construction of the thermocouple, the required temperature range of use and the
dimensions to fit the application. It is essential to note that the specifications of Table 12 of
this standard do not unconditionally guarantee the performance of the thermocouple over the
stated ranges. Because thermocouples can be contaminated by the environment and
atmosphere it is very important to take account of the effect of the conditions where the
thermocouple is installed. Tables C.1 to C.3 give recommendations for the application of each
thermocouple.
Table C.1 gives recommended maximum temperatures of use, in air, for a range of wire
diameters. Note that Types C and A cannot be used in air at elevated temperatures.
Tables C.2 and C.3 give recommendations for applications under different environmental
conditions and under neutron irradiation, respectively.
60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 65 –
NOTE 1 The temperature t max for normal use is specified so that the expected drifts for Type B, R or S
thermocouples are within 0,005 t max after 2 000 h continuous exposure to clean air. Likewise the expected drifts for
Type N, K, E, J or T thermocouples are within 0,007 5 t max after 10 000 h continuous exposure to clean air.
NOTE 2 The same criteria are applied for extended range use, with 50 h exposure for Type B, R or S
thermocouples and with 250 h exposure for Type N, K, E, J or T thermocouples.
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Can be used in hydrogen or cracked ammonia atmospheres if the dew point is below –40 ºC.
Reversible change in the Seebeck coefficient occurs when heated between 250 ºC and 550 ºC.
KP, EP Not suitable for unprotected use in sulphurous atmospheres above 540 ºC.
Not recommended for service in vacuum at high temperatures except for short time periods
because preferential vaporization of chromium will alter the calibration. Large negative calibration
shifts will occur if exposed to marginally oxidizing atmospheres in the temperature range 815 ºC
to 1 040 ºC.
NOTE Suffix P and N attached to thermocouple Type letter denote positive conductor and negative conductor.
Reference; “Manual on the use of thermocouples in temperature measurement”, ASTM STP 470B, Table 3.4,
Philadelphia,1993.
“Portions of this table have been extracted with permission from ASTM STP 470A, Manual on the Use of
Thermocouples in Temperature Measurement, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428.”
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The composition changes under neutron radiation since the copper content is converted to
JN, TN, EN
nickel and zinc. Nickel content may increase by 5 % in a 20-year period.
Radiation transmutation causes significant changes in composition. Nickel and zinc grow
TP
into the material in amounts of 10 % each in a 20-year period.
Quite stable to radiation transmutation. The composition change is less than 1 % in a 20-
KP, EP, NP, NN
year period.
Relatively stable to radiation transmutation. In a 20-year period, the iron content will
KN
increase approximately 2 %. The manganese and cobalt contents will decrease slightly.
CP, AP, CN, AN Neither tungsten nor rhenium is stable under neutron irradiation .
NOTE 1 Suffix P and N attached to thermocouple Type letter denote positive conductor and negative conductor.
NOTE 2 Radiation transmutation rates are based on exposure to a thermal neutron flux of 10 18 m –2 s –1 .
the thermocouple materials, which results in producing an additional electric current in the circuit. To avoid the
errors it is recommended to ground the measuring circuit, which is especially important for the thermocouples
containing Rh and Mn.
References;
(1) Browning, W. E. Jr., Miller, C. E., Jr., “Calculated Radiation Induced Changes in Thermocouple
Composition”, Temperature. Its measurement and Control in Science and Industry, Vol.3 Part 2, edited by
A.I. Dahl (Reinhold, New York, 1962), pp. 271-276.
(2) Burley,N.A. ,Hess, R.M., Howie, C.F., Coleman, J.A., “The Nicrosil versus Nisil thermocouple: A critical
comparison with the ANSI standard letter-designated base-metal thermocouples “, Temperature. Its
measurement and Control in Science and Industry, American Institute of Physics, New York, Vol.5 Part 2,
edited by James F. Schooley (AIP, New York, 1982) pp.1159-1166.
(3) “Manual on the use of thermocouples in temperature measurement”, ASTM STP 470B, Table 3.4,
Philadelphia,1993.
“Portions of this table have been extracted with permission from ASTM STP 470A, Manual on the Use of
Thermocouples in Temperature Measurement, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428.”
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Bibliography
Burley,N.A. ,Hess, R.M., Howie, C.F., Coleman, J.A., “The Nicrosil versus Nisil thermocouple:
A critical comparison with the ANSI standard letter-designated base-metal thermocouples “,
Temperature. Its measurement and Control in Science and Industry, American Institute of
Physics, New York, Vol.5 Part 2, edited by James F. Schooley (AIP, New York, 1982)
pp.1159-1166.
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2 This publication is cancelled and replaced by this standard.