• The greatest stress with occurs in material

with a workpiece
• The rod is tensioned in the tensile-testing
machine and subjected to the load until it
breaks.

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• At point B material’s stability under load,
its breaking point, reached
• The tensile strength is calculated from
thus value

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h. Thermal Conductivity
• This is the ability to conduct heat differently.
• It’s denote by coefficient of thermal conductivity
• Good heat conductors are metals, e.g. Al and
Cu.
• Poor heat conductors are e.g. air, glass, and
plastics

i. Ductility
• The ability of substance or material to be
plastically deformed by external forces without
breaking in the process.
• Ductile materials e.g. structural steel, Cu, Sn.

j. Brittleness
• Materials in this category if they break into
pieces without a significant change in shape as
the result of for example impact forces.
• Brittle materials are e.g. glass, flake-graphite
cast iron.
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k. Melting Temperature.

• This is the temperature in at oC

which the substance or material

passed from the solid to the liquid
state.
• Pure metals have a distinct melting
point whereas metal alloys and
compounds (see table 1)

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l. Electric Conductivity.





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 m. Tensile Testing

• Introduction
• Tensile Test- Basic Principles
• Terminology
• Objectives of the Lab
• Tensile Test (Material and
Equipment)
• Tensile Test Example (Video,
Material Properties & Simulation)
• Summary

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Introduction
• Mechanical properties that are
important to a design engineer differ
from those that are of interest to the
manufacturing engineer.
• In design, mechanical properties
such as elastic modulus and yield
strength are important in order to
resist permanent deformation under
applied stresses. Thus, the focus is
on the elastic properties.
• In manufacturing, the goal is to
apply stresses that exceed the yield
strength of the material so as to
deform it to the required shape.
Thus, the focus is on the plastic
properties.

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Strain Hardening:
•In the plastic region, the true stress increases
continuously. This implies that the metal is becoming
stronger as the strain increases. Hence, the name “Strain
Hardening”.
•The relationship between true stress and true strain i.e.
the flow curve can be expressed using the power law:

where K is called the strength coefficient and n the strain

hardening exponent.
  Kn

Strain Hardening:
• The plastic portion of the true
stress-strain curve (or flow stress
curve) plotted on a log-log scale
gives the n value as the slope
and the K value as the value of
true stress at true strain of one.

log ()=log(K)+n*log(ε)

•For materials following the

power law, the true strain at
the UTS is equal to n.

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Stress-Strain Test
specimen

machine

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Note: A material that suffers very little
plastic deformation is brittle.

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 Toughness
Toughness is the ability to absorb energy up to
fracture (energy per unit volume of material).

A “tough” material has strength and ductility.

Approximated by the area under the stress-
strain curve.

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