15/01/2019

Chapter 1
Well Completions

Khafiz Muradov

Institute of Petroleum Engineering, EGIS School, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, U.K.

Learning Objectives

• Describe the basic well completion design principles and decision areas involved.

• Evaluate for a given reservoir scenario the bottom hole completion options and make a recommendation based on well integrity and
reservoir management requirements.

• Identify, evaluate and recommend functional capability of completion strings for a variety of situations.

• Explain the principles of the tubing grade selection, and the calculations involved.

• Describe the purpose and generic operating principles for major completion equipment components.

• Assess well safety requirements and capabilities inherent in well design. Identify potential failure mechanisms/operational
problems with equipment.

• Outline the basic logic behind the completion installation practices, and be able to propose a conceptual installation program for a
given well completion.

• Describe the options, and their inherent constraints/advantages, for producing multiple reservoir units.

• Propose general completion options for producing two, three or more zones simultaneously.

• Assess and recommend geometrical configurations for drilled wellbores for both production and injection applications.

• Describe the application of horizontal wells.

• Describe the requirements for and operational principles of intelligent well completions.

• Evaluate for a given reservoir scenario the advanced well completion options and make a recommendation based on reservoir
management requirements.

• Understand the basics of Multi-Lateral technology and list their applications.

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Production Well System

 ‘Well Completion’
 Production Engineer’s role:
ensure:
- suitable production/injection
- safety (fluids contained)
- cost-effectiveness (capex
and opex per unit produced)
- reliability and integrity
(standards)
- other?

Optional class activity:

 Tutorial 1
 Mind map of course expectations

Completion Design Decision Areas

Time
Initiate Design

Bottom Hole Well

Selection of
Completion Completion Productivity
Production
Technique String Facilities
Conduit

Conceptual Design

Casing Well
String Detailed Performance
Design Completion Optimisation
String Design

Final Design(s)

Information Design
Reservoir understanding options
Multidisciplinary, interactive approach available
Detailed design

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Bottomhole Completion

Quality of the wellbore-reservoir

interface is important (stability,
deliverability, control flexibility, cost)

Common Bottomhole Completion

Techniques
Cemented & Perforated
Openhole (OH)
Production
Completion
Liner/Casing

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Common Bottomhole Completion

Techniques

OH with pre-slotted Cemented & Perforated

liner Casing with sandscreen

If required, either can be further equipped with sandscreen, or intelligent

completion, or gravel pack, etc.

Openhole Completion

 Simple/low cost completion

 Drawbacks
– All zones open to
(cross)flow, no control Gas
breakthrough
– Wellbore stability issues

 Consolidated formations only:

a) E.g. deep wells with depletion
drive
b) Naturally fractured reservoirs e.g.
limestone
Water
c) Long completion intervals or limited breakthrough
access. E.g. horizontal & multi
lateral wells

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Openhole Completion

Advantages Disadvantages
• No perforation, production • Liable to “sand out” as
casing & cementing whole production zone is
expenses. open to flow.
• Minimal rig time. • No selectivity for
• Full diameter hole in the production, stimulation
pay zone, which improves and workover.
productivity. • Limited ability to isolate
zones.

Cemented & Perforated Production

Liner/Casing

Commonest type of
completion because:
 Wellbore stability
 Inflow selectivity (if
cement seals casing
annulus)
 Multi-zone completion
now possible
However:
 More expensive and
complex than OH

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Perforation Schematic View

Cemented & Perforated Completion

Advantages Disadvantages
• Introduces flexibility • Cost of casing, cementing,
allowing isolation of zones and perforating.
and selection of zones for • Rig time cost for longer
production/injection, e.g.,
where to perforate or
isolate.

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Slotted Liner/Wire Wrapped/

Expanding Screen Completion in OH

 Benefits
1. Prevents wellbore collapse.
Facilitates wellbore access
 Drawbacks
1. All zones open to (cross)flow,
no control
2. Screen may become plugged

 Applications:
1. Reservoirs with large &
homogenous sand grains
2. Long completion intervals or
limited access e.g. horizontal
& multi-lateral wells

Example: Slotted Liner/Screen

Completion

Advantages Disadvantages
• Assists in preventing sand • Cost of slotted liner and
production (provided the installation.
formation sand is large • Difficult to isolate zones
and homogeneous). for production control
• Prevents wellbore collapse purposes (unless packers
in OH are installed).

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Other Types to Be Discussed Later

 Expandable sandscreen
 Gravel pack
 Intelligent well completion

Completion String

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Production Conduit Options

Tubingless Casing FlowCasing & Tubing Flow or Tubing Flow

Tubingless
Tubing Flow without with annulus
Casing Flow
annulus isolation isolation

Production Conduit Options

Key selection criteria:

• Exposure to production fluids
• Exposure to excessive pressure
• Flow stability and assurance
Optional class activity:
• Cost and reliability  Situation for either type
• Ability to circulate the well without damaging the formation

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Tubing Completion Flow

(Production) Packer

Most widely used completion type for

naturally flowing wells, because:
 Tubing is exposed to fluids and high P.
Can be replaced
 Packer isolates annulus from fluids
flowing in the tubing
(Packer is located close to top perforations
– Minimises trapped annular gas volume below
the packer -> no annulus heading
– Minimises casing exposure)
 Well killing with minimum formation
damage: via circulation port in tubing OR
by creating a hole in the tubing

Basic Completion String Functions

1. Withstands anticipated pressures during

production and well operations e.g.
stimulation
2. Produce or inject into the reservoir with
minimal loss of flowing pressure
3. Minimise reservoir fluid contact with the
production casing
4. Remotely shut-off flow downhole when
required.
5. Allow annulus to tubing circulation when
required.
6. Enable plug installation in tubing e.g. for
pressure testing.

Optional class activity:

 Situation needing any other function?
complexity vs. benefit

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The Production Tubing

 It is special equipment manufactured to a high

standard to withstand high mechanical stresses, fluid
pressures & temperatures for long periods in an often
corrosive environment

 Failure to select & correctly install a suitable tubing

results in expensive workovers or loss of the well

The Production Tubing

1. Many grades of steel are available e.g. N80, C75 etc.:

– N, C, etc. defines the composition & heat treatment
– Figure is the minimum tensile strength (1,000s psi)
2. Tubing size defined by its outside diameter
3. Tubing wall thickness defined by its weight/foot
4. Both tubing & coupling type define the completion string’s tensile
strength & hydraulic integrity

Tubing Specification Example:

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Tubing Stresses

Tubing experiences high stresses Example axial load

due to

 Its own weight,

 Torque,

 System pressures,

 Static points (e.g. tubing hanger,

packer or anchor) Dry weight
Wet weight
(due to piston force)
Optional class activity:
 Discuss situations with different loads (e.g. tapered tubing,
evacuated tubing, packer un-seated, tubing drag during
installation, etc.)

Forces Acting on Tubing

 Axial load

 Burst (ballooning) and collapse,

Load ellipse example
 Piston (buoyancy),

 Bending

 Buckling

Optional class activity:

 Suggest stress scenarios. Tutorial 2

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Corrosion

 Serious consequences (leaks, failure)

 Types:

- Acidic (CO2)

- Sulphide Stress Cracking/Hydrogen

Embrittlement (H2S) (H2S level can also increase w time)

 Service classified by acid number. Sweet/sour.

 Corrosion + erosion

 Other types of corrosion: oxygen, stress, casing, etc.

Consequences: replacement, patching, abandonment…

Dealing with Corrosion

 Metallurgy selection (grades, expensive alloys)

An example of a Completion Metallurgy Selection Chart
 Inhibition

 Lining / cladding

Optional class activity:

 Tutorial 3

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Types of Threaded Couplings. Drift

An Internally An Integral
Flush, Internally
premium Upset
Coupling Coupling

Types of Threaded Couplings. Seal

1. Internal pressure necessary to produce a pressure seal.

 Examples:- API round thread, buttress connections, etc.
 Thread compound (pipe dope) coating the threads will fill
any void spaces in the coupling when compressed by
pressure acting on the coupling
2. Premium metal-to-metal or elastomeric connections
 Examples: Extreme Line, Hydril, VAM, etc.
 Seal is generated by torque bringing together seal
shoulders or a tapered surfaces within the thread itself
– E.g. VAM developed for completing high pressure gas
wells where rigorous sealing & pressure integrity is
essential

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Tubing String is More Than Tubing

Joints
Well Completion Example
Completion string facilities:
Flexibility vs risk = fit-for-purpose
(Risk and contingency matrix
example) FAILURE EVENT OPERATIONAL CONCERN
CONSEQUENCES IF NOT REPAIRED

Tubing failure (leak) in wall Tubing - Well safety*

or via coupling Annulus communication

Packer failure Annulus - Well safety*

Reservoir communication

Downhole Seal failure Annulus - Well safety*

Reservoir communication

Tubing hanger leak Tubing - Well safety*

Annulus communication

Xmas tree seal failure External leak Well safety*

Wellhead seal leak External or annulus Well safety*

leak

Circulation sleeve seal failure Tubing -

Annulus communication Well safety*

Sub - Surface Safety Valve Inability to isolate well Well safety*

failure in an emergency

Gas lift valve leak Tubing - Well control limitation

Annulus communication

Gas lift valve closure Inability to gas - lift well at No or limited

valve depth production

Downhole pump failure Failure to lift well No production

production

The General Well Completion

Scheme

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Casing Spool Wellhead Assembly

• Suspends casing and tubing strings

• Supports surface closure/flow control device:
i) Blow-out preventer stack whilst drilling or
ii) Christmas tree for production or injection
• Provides Hydraulic access to the annuli between :
(i) Casings for cement placement
(ii) Production casing & tubing for well circulation

Example of Other Types of Wellhead

Compact spool

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Christmas tree placed on top of well

head assembly

A basic Xmas Tree

• Xmas tree controls the flow of produced or injected fluids

• Attached to wellhead (or riser) after installing the production tubing.
• Two wing valves - for production and/or well killing (injection)
• Swabbing, wireline or coiled tubing access via swab valve
• Master valve controls all hydraulic & mechanical access to well
• Often duplicated to increase well safety
• Valves may be manual, electrical or hydraulic operated.

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Annular Pressure Seal (Packer)

Annular seal:
1. Improves flow stability & production
control
2. Protects the production casing &
wellhead from produced fluids
3. Selectively isolates reservoir zones
– two or more producing zones
with different fluid properties,
GOR, pressures, etc.

Packer Types: - Retrievability

• Retrievable Packers can be easily retrieved.

– Packer integral part of the tubing string
– Run to the setting depth
– Setting mechanism actuated

• Permanent Packer cannot be easily retrieved.

– Run & set separately e.g. on tubing, wireline, etc.
– Run with or without a tailpipe
– Tubing is run later. Pressure seal achieved by
elastomer sealing on packer’s polished surface
– Packer retrieved by milling, allowing the rubber
element to collapse & the packer retrieved

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Packer Setting Mechanism

 Packer setting involves compression & extrusion of a

rubber element:
 Mechanically – e.g. by rotation of tubing string.
 Compression or Tension - based on weight of tubing
– A mechanical device transfers the force to
compress the rubber element.

A Compression Set Packer

 Sealing elements compressed against casing wall

 Slips grip casing wall due to downthrust of lower cone
 Unidirectional sealing & resistance to tubing movement
Optional class activity:
 Tutorial 4

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Packer Setting Mechanism

Packer setting involves compression & extrusion of a rubber

element:
 Mechanically – e.g. by rotation of tubing string.
 Compression or Tension - based on weight of tubing
– A mechanical device transfers the force to
compress the rubber element.
 Hydraulic – Ball plugs tubing below the packer. Pressure
sets the packer without being exerted on the formation or
annulus
 Electrical - Packer & tailpipe lowered on electric line to
the setting depth. A small explosive charge is detonated to
actuate the packer setting mechanism
 Swellable (elastomer) packers

Completion Annular Seal

• This completion
allows Tubing
Movement
• Protects the
production casing
be seal achieved by
the polished packer
bore and
elastomeric seals at
the bottom of the
tubing

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Seal Types

• Polished Bore (b,c,f)

• Expansion Joint (d)
• Travel Joint (e)

Seals: elastomer
elements (O, T, V, …)

Subsurface Safety Valve: Completion

Downhole Closure

ScSSSV: Surface
controlled
SubSurface
Safety
Valve

• ScSSSV closes
‘Double-barrier’ well control policy once control line
Installation depths: scales, control line
length, etc. pressure released
Pressure equalization functionality

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Subsurface Safety Valve

Provides a remote, failsafe, shutdown system of sub-surface isolation for

catastrophic Xmas tree failure

Manages:
 Xmas tree removal while preparing to pull tubing
 Removal of valves or valve components for servicing
 Accidental damage to Xmas tree
 Wellhead leaks at the Xmas tree flange seals
Types:
1. Direct Controlled SSSV (SSCSV or "storm chokes“) close well when
preset pressure drops or flow rates exceeded OR
2. Surface Controlled SSSV (SCSSSV) closes well by loss of hydraulic
pressure to the downhole valve assembly.
Tubing or wireline retrievable

Flapper type SCSSV

closed

Valve fully open Valve fully closed

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Side Pocket Mandrel

– Many types of Valve can be installed in

a Side Pocket Mandrel:
 Gas Lift Valve
 Dummy Valve
 Chemical Injection Valve
 Circulating Valve
 Differential Dump/Kill Valve
 Water Injection Control Valve
Valve Body

Setting & Retrieving a Gas lift Valve

in a Side Pocket Mandrel

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Sliding Side Door

Completion Functions
- Opening the Sliding
Side Door (SSD)
allows circulation
between tubing &
annulus
E.G. for well killing
Wireline Entry Guide

Wireline Operated Sliding Side Door

Aligning the outer & inner ports by moving the sleeve allows
circulation from tubing to annulus. E.g. for well killing

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Landing Nipples
1. Isolate the tubing string
2. Ported device for tubing & annulus communication
3. Emergency closure of tubing
4. Downhole regulation or throttling of the flow.
5. Install downhole P or T recording gauges
Two types of application
Nipples installed at various points in the string for:
(a) Plugging the tubing for:
Pressure tests, Setting Hydraulic packer & Zonal isolation
(b) Hosting a device, e.g.:
Velocity string, SSSV, gauge, …

Types of Nipples
Landing Nipple

 Nipples can be of two types:

- No-go nipples: nipple size
decreases down string with the
largest nipple on top
- Selective Nipples
Multiple, same size nipples use
selective locking mechanism

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Tailpipe Assembly

Tailpipe Facilities

Wire Line Entry

Perforated Flow Tube
Guide (WEG)

• Allows fluid to
enter when an • Provides easy
e.g. a gauge is re-entry of
installed at the
base of the tail wireline tools into
pipe tubing

Courtesy Schlumberger

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The General Well Completion

Scheme Overview

Completion Installation Practices

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Completion Installation Practices Example

Example installation steps:

1 Drill, log, case, cement, p test,
clean, displace to completion
fluid, CBL, perforate
2 Wireline packer, RIH tubing
string, pressure test
3 Space up + RIH w/ control line
4 BOP -> Xmas tree, p test
5 Connect flowline and choke
6 Displace to light fluid, close
SSD, bean up, well clean up

Completion Schematic (View)

Haggis Field, Well 3 Figure 1
Completion Schematic
Dev Min Max MD-RKB TVD-RKB
degs ID" OD" ft ft
Tubing hanger 350

10 3/4" Casing 5.5", 17 ppf tubing 4.767 5.953

1/4" Encapsulated control line

Flow coupling 4.767 5.953
SSV: T-5EMS TRDHSV w / 3.5" AF Profile 3.500 9.200 850

Flow coupling 4.767 6.072

• Schematic covers
5.5" Pup Joint 4.767 5.953
5.5", 17 ppf tubing 4.767 5.953

everything: 10 3/4" x 9 5/8" X-over

5", 18 ppf Tubing 4.151 5.364 1000 1000

•Pup joints 5.5" Tubing 4.767 5.953 1500 1500

• X- Overs etc. 2700 2695

• Details, OD’s, ID’s 5-1/2" Flow Coupling

5-1/2"Pup Joint
5-1/2"Pup Joint
4.767
4.767
4.767
6.072
5.953
5.953
Polished Bore Receptacle 4.872 8.125 3944

& Depths of ALL 5-1/2" Pup Joint

KC1-22 Anchor
9 5/8" SAB-3 Packer
7" MOE (Mill-Out Extention)
4.767
4.884
4.750
6.185
5.364
6.468
8.150
7.027
3950
3957
3972
3988

installed equipment
X-over, 7" New Vam B x 5" Fox RS P 4.151 7.693 4000 3989
5" Pup Joint 4.151 5.364
5" Pup Joint 4.151 5.364
5" Flow Coupling 4.151 6.072
4.135" AOF Wireline Nipple 4.135 6.050 4102

• Everything
5" Flow Coupling 4.151 6.078
5" Pup Joint 4.151 5.364
5" Tubing Joint 4.151 5.364
5" Pup Joint 4.151 5.364
5" Flow Coupling 4.151 6.077

reported 4.125" AOF Wireline Nipple

5" Flow Coupling
5" Pup Joint
5" Tubing Joint
5" Pup Joint - perforated
4.125
4.151
4.151
4.151
4.151
5.950
5.364
5.364
5.364
5.364
4765

5" Flow Coupling 4.151 6.124

4.000" AOF Wireline Nipple 4.000 5.950 5500
5" Flow Coupling 4.151 6.077
5" Pup Joint 4.151 5.364
5" Tubing Joint w ith centraliser 4.151 5.364
5" Pup Joint 4.151 5.364
5" Tubing Joint 4.151 5.364
Wireline Reentry Guide 4.151 5.451 5600 5577
7" Liner 6.059 7.512 5600 5577
6.059 7.512
6.059 7.512
6.059 7.512
6.059 7.512
6.059 7.512
6.059 7.512
6.059 7.512

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Completion
Installed –
What’s Next?

Discuss
Examples

Advanced Wells

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Multiple Zone Completions

 Comingling the Flow from various

zones in which fluid from more than one
reservoir simultaneously flows into a
single tubing string e.g. two zones
producing up a single tubing string.
 Segregated, Multi Zone Depletion
multiple production conduits are
installed within the same wellbore. Each
tubing controls the production of one
reservoir.
 Alternate Zone Well Completion
Strategy each well is completed on
more than one reservoir. However, only
one reservoir is produced up one tubing
string at any particular time.

Multiple Zone Completions

Key factors:
 Cost, N of wells, flow rate
 Flow assurance
 Well integrity
 Compatibility/interference between
layers
 Selective control
 Complexity and installation risks;
work-overs
 Well conversion SSD

 Well and reservoir monitoring

Choice also depends on:
 Offshore or Onshore Development
 Areal Size
 Fluids
 Well management

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IOR

1. Access otherwise inaccessible reserves

2. Improve recovery factor/sweep efficiency

3. Increase flow rates

4. Enhance profitability invested through reduced CAPEX,

reduced OPEX & accelerated recovery

Advanced Wells

 Advanced wells place require more extensive study

("front end loading"):
1. Well configuration is more complex – an accurate
reservoir description required.
2. Risks identified & contingency planning essential.
3. Costs, economic benefits & associated risks defined
4. Economic Analysis should give “Full Life Cycle” costs
– This includes possible recompletions, workovers & stimulations.

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Horizontal Well Nomenclature

Undulations can result

Geosteering in well flow problems

Horizontal Completions

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Horizontal Well Applications

 Longer reservoir contact

-> lower dP needed ->
higher Q: low k, sand
production, viscous oil,
coning, oil rim

Horizontal Wells and Drainage Area

5 Vertical wells
required for field
development

Only 2 Horizontal wells

required for field
development

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Horizontal Well Applications: Coning &

Cusping Control

Horizontal Well Applications:

Naturally Fractured Reservoirs

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Horizontal Well Applications: Layered

and Compartmentalised Reservoirs

Horizontal Well Types

 Extended Reach Wells have a Horizontal Displacement

to (True) Vertical Depth (TVD) ratio of at least 2:1.

 Maximum Reservoir Contact (MRC) wells are the wells

with the reservoir contact longer than 5 km. This may
be a horizontal well that long, or a multilateral well with
the combined length of all its laterals that long.

 ‘Snake wells’ term is used by some operators to

describe horizontal (or more complex trajectory,
‘designer’) wells producing from multiple, small-reserve
fields or blocks with the ability to control and monitor
zonal production

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Summary of Horizontal Well Benefits

1. Increased exposure to the reservoir

2. Connection of laterally discontinuous features

3. Changes the drainage geometry

4. Extends field appraisal laterally

5. Reduces total drilling costs as well count decreased

Smart Wells

Reasons: zonal flow control and (optionally) monitoring

Types:
• OH and CH
• Flow Control Devices: ICVs, ICDs, AICDs
• Sensors

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Intelligent Well

I-well advantages:
 Monitoring downhole parameters
 Controlling zonal inflow/outflow

Effective flow
control and
monitoring allows
flexibility managing
sweep, control of
unwanted fluids,
managing
uncertainty, etc.

Well Control Philosophy

1. Reactive control policy

Reactive
• Decisions are based on the
system’s current condition
• Considers Short-term (current)
objectives 
Production Improvement
• Fast reaction to recognised
situations

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Well Control Philosophy

2. Proactive control policy

Proactive
• Starts earlier
• Mitigates future undesired
problems and/or states.
• Long-term objectives 
increased Oil Recovery
• Computationally demanding
• Large number of control variables
• Requires a reservoir model (with
large uncertainty)

Autonomous Flow Control Devices

30 0%
(bar)
(bar)

25 10%
% = (water, gas, steam)
(bar)

20%
20
drop
drop

30%
drop

15 40%
Pressure
Pressure

50%
10
Pressure

60%
5 70%
0 80%
90%
0 20 40 60
100%
Flow rate
Flow (m3/d)
rate (m3/d)

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Smart Wells

• Smart Wells are a completion technology that

• Allows more efficient reservoir management by
dividing the well into a number of segments
• Each segment monitored & controlled separately.

• Also Reduced OPEX since the risks & costs of a

conventional workover are avoided:
• Timing: Waiting for (workover) rig availability
• Cost: Completion zone change takes ~10 days rig
time plus deferred oil. Subsea 10 X platform job cost.
• Risk: Problems can occur during workover.
• Constraints: Deepening the well completion requires
drilling out plugs etc.

Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage

(SAGD) Wells

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HP/HT Completion

With the advances in the technology equipment becoming widely

available that has been qualified for pressure up to 15,000 psi and
temperature up to 350˚ F.

Challenges in the HP/HT

environments:
• Lack of experience
• Severe negative long-term
deterioration of sealing and
metallic materials.

Multilaterals single & multiple reservoirs

Single reservoir Multiple reservoirs

– Laterals drain the same reservoir – Laterals drain different reservoirs
interval (same hydraulic unit) – Number of production strings,
- most common type pressure isolation & fluid
compatibility becomes important

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Multilateral Well Example

 Junction Complexity Levels (TAML)

Large scale application of Multilateral wells

 Multilateral Wells favoured in Viscous oil, high

permeability reservoirs
 Well productivity is constrained by poor fluid mobility i.e.
Permeability/Viscosity (k/µ) is low
 High drawdown & maximum formation exposure required
for economic flow rates.
 Borehole area (i.e. length) more important than borehole
diameter when frictional pressure losses low
 Similar considerations apply to Low Permeability
reservoirs
 Multilatrals also used in fractured, low permeability
carbonates

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Well Productivity Index & Production Rate

increases with extended reservoir contact

Multi-laterals:- Mutual Interference

• Multi lateral accelerates production compared to horizontal

• Interference in the reservoir leads to overlap of the drainage
areas and earlier decline compared to single lateral

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Mutual interference of multi-lateral in different

layers

Water Breakthrough
affects the performance
of both zones in a
multilateral well via the
well’s “outflow”
performance

• Multi lateral accelerates production compared to single bore

• Interference in the tubing unless separate completion used
• Similar considerations (pressures, GOR’s etc.) as for
conventional commingled completion

Learning Objectives

• Describe the basic well completion design principles and decision areas involved.

• Evaluate for a given reservoir scenario the bottom hole completion options and make a recommendation based on well integrity and
reservoir management requirements.

• Identify, evaluate and recommend functional capability of completion strings for a variety of situations.

• Explain the principles of the tubing grade selection, and the calculations involved.

• Describe the purpose and generic operating principles for major completion equipment components.

• Assess well safety requirements and capabilities inherent in well design. Identify potential failure mechanisms/operational
problems with equipment.

• Outline the basic logic behind the completion installation practices, and be able to propose a conceptual installation program for a
given well completion.

• Describe the options, and their inherent constraints/advantages, for producing multiple reservoir units.

• Propose general completion options for producing two, three or more zones simultaneously.

• Assess and recommend geometrical configurations for drilled wellbores for both production and injection applications.

• Describe the application of horizontal wells.

• Describe the requirements for and operational principles of intelligent well completions.

• Evaluate for a given reservoir scenario the advanced well completion options and make a recommendation based on reservoir
management requirements.

• Understand the basics of Multi-Lateral technology and list their applications.

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