MEDAN ELEKTROMAGNETIK

VECTOR ANALYSIS AND COORDINATE SYSTEM

CONTENTS

 Scalars and vectors

 Vector algebra
 Vector components and unit vectors
 Dot and cross product
 The Cartesian coordinate system
 The Cylindrical coordinate system
 The Spherical coordinate system
SCALARS AND VECTORS

 Scalars
 Only magnitude
 Example : distance, time, temperature, etc
 Symbol : L, T, t, x, y, z (italic)

 Vectors
 Has magnitude and direction
 Example : force, velocity, acceleration, etc
 Symbol : F, v, a (bold)

𝐹, 𝑣 (with arrow on top)

VECTOR ALGEBRA

 Vector Addition  Vector Substraction

 Commutative law
A–B≠B-A
A – B = A + (-B)
 Associative law

 Multiplication by a scalar
 Associative law
 Distributive law
VECTOR COMPONENTS AND UNIT VECTORS

 Vector components

 Vector notation

magnitude Unit vector

THE DOT PRODUCT

 Dot product is vector multiplication that results a scalar  It obeys a commutative law

 Example:

A•B yields the sum of nine scalar terms, each involving the dot product of two vectors
 THE CROSS PRODUCT

 The direction of A x B is perpendicular to the plane containing A and B

 It doesn’t obey a commutative law

 Example:

 Or using the determinants calculation:

CARTESIAN COORDINATE SYSTEM
  Vektor panjang differensial

 Vektor luas differensial

 Volume differensial
CYLINDRICAL COORDINATE SYSTEM
  Vektor panjang differensial

 Vektor luas differensial

 Volume differensial
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CARTESIAN AND CYLINDRICAL
COORDINATE

 Cartesian variables in terms of cylindrical

 Cylindrical variables in terms of cartesian

VECTOR TRANSFORMATION
 Expressing Cartesian in Cylindrical vector

 Expanding the dot products

 Mengapa digunakan dot product?

 Cartesian vector

Karena arti fisis dari dot product yaitu:

 Cylindrical vector  Proyeksi vektor A ke vektor B
 Komponen vektor A di arah vektor B
DOT PRODUCTS OF UNIT VECTORS IN CYLINDRICAL AND
CARTESIAN COORDINATE SYSTEMS
SPHERICAL COORDINATE SYSTEM
  Vektor panjang differensial

 Vektor luas differensial

 Volume differensial
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CARTESIAN AND SPHERICAL
COORDINATE

 Cartesian variables in terms of spherical

 Spherical variables in terms of cartesian

VECTOR TRANSFORMATION