cAll of the vocabulary words are important, and many are related to the effects

of drugs. {
  

 
















 



 


  


 



 

 





  





 











  


 




 
  
 
 
 


 

   
 
  





 

    


"Contraindication" is a very commonly used term. Some medical conditions
mean that certain drugs are contraindicated. For example, a drug that is
metabolized in the kidney might be contraindicated in a person with renal
disease. Some drugs are contraindicated in the elderly or children because they
tend to have a PARADOXICAL EFFECT. This term is not on your list, but it's one
you may hear. A paradoxical effect is one that is the opposite of what is
intended. For example, a medication that is given to decrease anxiety may cause
agitation instead. Another term not on your list, but you may hear, is DRUG
cINTERACTION. Typically this is used to describe situations in which two or
more drugs taken at the same time create an unwanted side effect or keep one
or both from working effectively. Finally, placebos are interesting things to know
about. You may have heard these referred to as "sugar pills". ccYou'll note that
types of drugs frequently follow the construction rules we've learned. The
purpose of some drugs is to stop something from happening (anti-, contra-, de-),
and some are intended to cause an action. In some cases, there are drugs to do
both. {
 




It controls nausea and vomitting

{
 


Something that iduces vomitting


 ! !
 "#$% 


 







 






{
  

&






 

 
  

  



 



 

 


 





#$  








{

 
'


  

cRoutes and Methods of Administration: You are probably familiar with most of
these, even if you aren't familiar with all of the terms for them. Try to think of
examples of medications that might be administered in the various ways. All of
them are fairly common in many health care settings except intracavitary and
intrathecal. ccAbbreviations: Need to know - 3x (or x3, 4x, x4, etc.), ā
(meaning before), ac, am, amt, bid, c (this is usually written with a line over it,
as the "a" above), caps, cc, d/c, dx, gr, gtt, hs, i (ii, iii, iv, v, etc.), IM, IU, IV,
mcg, mEq, mg, ml, NPO, NSAID, OTC, oz, p, pc, PO, po, prn, q (& qu, qh, qhs,
qod), qid, qs, Rx, s, sig, stat, tab, tbsp (T), tid, TO, tsp (t), ung, VO. ccI know
these are a lot, but as you've noticed, abbreviations are a huge part of medical
terminology, never more so than in discussing medications! You can see how
sometimes orders or prescriptions can be misread. Start with these, which are
probably the most common ones you'll see if you're reading a prescription, an
order on a medical chart, a patient's medication record, or a medication label. It
might help for you to organize them into categories, like "times to give meds",
"measurements", "directions", etc. You've already learned some of the
abbreviations on this list in previous chapters. c 
Mental Health:Terms related to mental health could use a chapter of their
own, but I know your brains are about full by now, so we'll just have to settle for
this section :-). Truly, though, it barely scratches the surface. Even if you never
work in the mental health field, you're likely to come across some of these
disorders in patients seeking treatment for physiological problems. cAnxiety and
mood disorders occur quite frequently in the general population. Many of the
major categories of mental disorders are listed on pg. 446-447, along with
examples of each. It should be noted that Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) is
now referred to as Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID). DID is frequently
confused with schizophrenia, maybe because this term originates from Greek
words meaning "split mind". DID is most closely related to the anxiety disorders
because the personality fragments into more than one distinct personality usually
as a result of severe trauma. Conversely, schizophrenia is actually a psychotic
disorder affecting about 1% of the population and it is genetically linked.
cBipolar Disorder (BPD) used to be called manic-depression.
& 

 


 

 
"
 
( 

  
  )

 
)%



(


 
(
 

 
  

   
 



 






   


  

  


  
   

  





cc& 

 
 
 

 .
Pschiatry is the branch of medicine the deals with diagnosis, treatment and
prevention of mental disorders. Psychology is the study of human behavior and
thought.
cNew abbreviations to know: ADD, ADHD, BPD, ECT, OCD.
cÔ
*You've seen most of these diagnostic procedures before - just do a
quick review. Concentrate on the procedures on page 453 and their
abbreviations.

Ôehabilitation:Don't spend a lot of time on this section - most is a review,
though some terms may be new.
0

 

 
 


+  

 






Range of motion (ROM) is a common term. {
,  
 

-Ô# 

Ô# { 
  
-Ô#  
½Ô M: passive range of motion
AÔ M: active range of motion
½Ô M might be used when a therapist moves the patients joints
through all ranges of motion, but does not require assistance from the
patient
Surgery:These surgical terms are all pretty frequently used. Note the various
ways to remove tissue. & 




 .

" 
 %
   
    
{
(

 


  
Cauterization: using heat, cold, electricity, or chemicals to scar, burn, or cut
tissue
Cryosurgery: exposing tissue to extreme cold to produce cell injury and
destruction (helpful with malignant tumors)
Laser Sugery: use of a controlled beam of light for cutting
Resection:to surgically cut out or remove

You've probably heard of most of the instruments in Table 14.5 (if not been on
the receiving end...). Many of the instrument names describe their purpose. 
(

  


   


c
ncology: 
  






 

$


 


 






 





 


0






0





  
 
  





 


  
 

 


  
{
,  
 
 

 

  
 (






 
 
 
 






0






 

0
 
 
 


 

{
,  
 













 .
 

{  



 "/-% 
{ 

(