Osias Colleges INC.

Tarlac City

S.C 2010-2011

Submitted to: Ms. Andrea G. Patdu

Submitted by: Monique Anne N. Sevilla

The Singing pipes

This heavy, black iron pipe, about 4 pounds, has a metal alloy
screen fitted into one end. By heating the screen with a flame
from a burner for about 10 seconds, the vertical pipe will produce
a loud tone for as much as 30 seconds. The noise is produced
because certain frequencies of sound from the turbulent flow of
heated air resonate within the tube cavity. Turning the tube
horizontally disrupts the flow of air and the sound stops; rotating
the tube to the vertical position returns the sound. Consequently,
it is possible to give the illusion of pouring sound into a beaker
and then returning it to the pipe. In addition, a matched pair will
produce a clearly audible beat frequency. This incredible
demonstration was featured at the 1996 Clemson Biennial
DivCHED Convention and at the 1996 NEACT Summer
Convention. Full instructions and explanation provided.

Plasma Spear
 The plasma sphere is composed of a spherical glass shell
containing a low pressure gas (1-10 mm mercury) and a central
electrode. The base where the ball is leaned contains an
oscillating circuit that feeds the central electrode with a voltage of
about 10 000 Volt and a reversing polarity at about 35 000 Hertz
of frequency.
After having connected the device to the electric grid, many
"bright filament" form inside the sphere. Some interesting
phenomena can be observed, such as: a) the filaments slowly
move up; b) approaching a finger to the sphere, the filaments
thicken towards it and follow the finger if it moves; c) approaching
a low consumption electric bulb to the sphere, you can see its
ignition.
These pages demonstrate visual phenomena, and »optical« or »visual illusions«. The latter is
more appropriate, because most effects have their basis in the visual pathway, not in the optics
of the eye. When I find the time I will expand the explanations, to the degree that these
phenomena are really understood; any nice and thoughtful comment welcome.

You may be glad to know: There are no tasteless surprises here; you know, these infantile
pranks where you scrutinize a picture and suddenly an ugly face (or the opposite end)
screams at you…

Don’t distress yourself if you don’t see the effect described, even if trying carefully. For many
illusions, there is a small percentage of people with perfectly normal vision who just don’t see
it, for reasons currently unknown.

Most visitors of this site are not vision scientists, so you might find the explanatory attempts
too highbrow. That is not on purpose, but, like any science, vision research just is not trivial.
So, if the explanation seems gibberish, simply enjoy the phenomenon ;–). Otherwise, there is
a short paper: Bach & Poloschek (2006) Optical Illusions prime»Optical illusion« sounds as
bringing out particular good adaptations of our visual system to standardviewing situations.
These adaptations are »hard-wired« in our brains, and thus under some artificial
manipulations can cause inappropriate interpretations of the visual scene. As Purkinje put
it:»Illusions of pejorative, as if exposing a malfunction of the visual system. Rather, I view
these phenomena the senses tell us the truth about perception« (cited by Teuber 1960).

Money Detector
A currency detector is a device that determines if a piece of currency is,
or is not, counterfeit. These devices are used in vending machines that
accept payment and dispense a product to a customer. They are also used
in change machines and in slot machines.
The process involves examining the currency that has been inserted, and
by using various tests, determine if the currency is counterfeit. Since the
parameters are different for each coinor paper money, these detectors
must be programmed for each item that they are to accept.
In operation, if the item is accepted it is retained by the machine and placed
in a storage device. If the item is rejected, the machine returns the item. If it
is a coin, it usually drops into a container for the customer to take back. If it
is a bill, the machine pushes the bill out and the customer must remove it
from the slot in which it was placed.