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Herbal Salves Oils Butters Balms
Herbal Salves Oils Butters Balms
By Heidi Villegas
I have a discount code for 15% off my new course, The Confident Herbalist:
A Guide to Home Herbalism, just for you!
If you’ve been considering working with herbs for your health but are
overwhelmed with all the information out there or are afraid of messing up
or doing it wrong—-this course will get you started using herbs practically,
in your daily life.
Here is where you can find out more about this foundational, simple, yet
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The author claims no responsibility to any person or entity for any liability, loss, or
damage caused, or alleged to be caused, directly or indirectly, as a result of the use,
application, or interpretation of the material contained herein.
Also, you are responsible for researching the herbs and essential oils used in these
preparations to make sure they will be good for you. Natural health is up to the
individual, so always do additional research. Too, if you are pregnant, elderly, have a
compromised immune system, are taking medications, or are nursing, seek advice from
your physician before using herbs or essential oils. These statements have not been
evaluated by the FDA.
Affiliate Disclosure: There may be affiliate links here and there in this publication, which
means if you click through and make a purchase, I may earn a small commission at no
extra cost to you.
I’ve been working with herbs and essential oils for many years, and I love plants! I believe plants
heal, whether they are in herbal form or essential oils. Having had some health issues, I know
that for me, the natural way to do things is best.
Once I learned about the toxins in body care products and over the counter medications lining
market shelves, I decided then and there that I would make my own. It’s been a process of
many years, with lots of experiments. At this current time, I am able to say that Mr. V. and I have
not had to use any over the counter medications and very few body care products for several
years. It’s my goal to reduce our purchase of all these products to zero!
I wrote this book so you will have some useful information about using herbs and essential oils
to create your own body care and medicinal salves, infused oils, body butters, and different
kinds of balms. You’ll find out my favorite herbs and oils to use for different kinds of
preparations, and step by step instructions so you’ll be successful every time.
I’ve separated the recipes into two sections: A Medicinal Salve section and a Basic Body Care
section. This way, you’ll be able to easily find the perfect recipe to try.
It’s a simple, yet comprehensive book for you if you want to learn how to make your own herbal
salves, infused oils, butters, and balms….and still be able to use your own creative license to
make these preparations unique to you!
Note: Many of these recipes can be found on my blog with detailed directions and lots of
pictures. Feel free to visit www.healingharvesthomestead.com and do a search for “salve.”
Blessings,
Heidi
P.S. If you find you enjoy this book, you may also be interested in my other eBooks on the
website. I’d love for you to check out the shop!
Herbs: 15
Essential Oils: 15
Hanging Them: 17
Screen Drying: 17
Using a Dehydrator: 18
Using an Oven: 18
Ointments: 31
Salves: 31
Balms: 31
Lavender Salve 38
Arnica Salve 41
Anti-Itch Salve 52
Natural Deodorants: 57
** Keep a Notebook 76
Resources 78
Black Drawing Salve is one that should be in everyone’s first aid kit!
Herbs that can be safely used to enhance the benefits of your salves, oils,
butters, and body balms grow all around us! You might have some growing
in your own garden right now, or perhaps they grow in nearby areas. There
are so many plants that can be used to create useful medicinal or beauty
products. In fact, if you can eat a plant, it is probable that it can be used in
your herbal body care creations.
Like herbs and flowers, essential oils can also be used to enhance the
actions of the products you create. These concentrated volatile oils can be
combined in a product along with herbs for a synergistic product with some
remarkable healing and supportive powers. I’m always amazed at how my
herbal salves out-perform the common store-bought ones.
Here is a list of some of the plants and essential oils you can use for your
own herbal salves, and many are used in the recipes here. There are many
more you can use, too, so be sure to do some of your own research for
other herbs you might like to try.
ARNICA: Arnica montana is a fabulous herb for making oil infusions. It’s
used primarily for helping with bruising and surface inflammation and pain.
Arnica should not be taken internally unless under the advice of a medical
practitioner or experienced herbalist.
CAYENNE: Ouch! You might be thinking! That’s a hot herb! And yes, it is.
But cayenne contains capsaicin, which is excellent for soothing joints and
sore muscles. It also has analgesic properties.
CHAMOMILE: This sweet-smelling plant has small white flowers which are
used along with the leaves to make teas, tinctures, and topical preparations
such as salves. There is some evidence that chamomile may have effects
similar to cortisone. Like Calendula, Chamomile also has anti-inflammatory
and antiseptic properties. Used internally, it is soothing to the nervous
system and is a relaxing herb commonly used in teas. The essential oil can
be used as well as the herb.
LAVENDER: Just about everyone loves lavender! And even if you’re not a
fan of it’s pungent floral scent, you can’t deny its healing properties.
Lavender is used for calming and supporting the nervous system and is
emotionally uplifting. Lavender also has excellent antibacterial and anti-
fungal properties. It’s useful for soothing headaches caused by stress and
helping the body relax for sleep.
MINT: Both peppermint and spearmint are wonderful for using in salves.
The plant can be infused in oil, and the essential oil is useful for cooling
and refreshing the mind as well as helping relieve common headache.
ROSE: Roses are not just lovely and sweet smelling. They also help with
inflammation, and they make the heart happy. I’d love to try using rose
essential oil in skincare products, however, it is extremely expensive.
Therefore, I have to stay happy simply infusing the petals in oils I can use
to create salves.
ST. JOHN’S WORT: I love using St. John’s Wort as a seasonal aid against
the winter blues, but it also has some exceptional antiviral, antibacterial,
and anti-inflammatory properties when used topically. I love to use it for
neuralgia in topical preparations, and it is useful for herpes and shingles. It
is an excellent remedy for helping the skin heal from traumas such as
bruises, sprains, and burns. NOTE: St. John’s Wort may cause
photosensitivity in some people.
Herbs:
The best way to gather your herbs is to grow your very own. When you
grow your own herbs, you know exactly how they were raised and whether
or not any chemicals were used. Most of the herbs listed above are easy to
grow and make beautiful and fragrant additions to your garden. Some can
even be grown inside!
Another way to gather your herbs is to forage for them. Take a look at the
eco-system around you. I’ll bet there are useful plants you can gather for
creating your salves. Even when I lived in the harsh Mojave, I found many
wonderful plants to use in my herbal creations.
If you don’t have time for foraging or growing your own herbs, that’s ok. You
can purchase high quality herbs from small growers or quality bulk sellers.
One of my favorite sources of dried bulk herbs is Starwest Botanicals.
Essential Oils:
As far as essential oils go, I feel you need to do some due diligence to be
sure you are purchasing pure essential oils that are not adulterated at all.
This means being sure to look at the labels and being comfortable with the
company you are choosing.
You can see there is a definite cost in the production of quality essential
oils. So if you come across very inexpensive essential oils, you can be
pretty sure they are either poor quality or have been adulterated with
chemicals or other additives.
There are other companies that provide quality essential oils that are not
mentioned here. These are simply the companies I use most often. You can
read more about how I choose an essential oil company in this article.
It’s best if you can use fresh herbs just picked from your garden or foraged
in a nearby field. However, you’ll have to dry them first.
Drying your herbs has a number of benefits. They can be used all year
long, and dried herbs have more uses in herbal preparations. For example
—you should not use fresh herbs to infuse in oils because the moisture in
the herb can cause bacteria to grow. You don’t want that!
There are many methods for drying your herbs. Here are some of my
favorite ways:
Hanging Them:
You can hang them upside down in bunches tied together with twine. If
there are small plant parts (like with chamomile), hanging them inside a
brown paper bag allows oxygen to reach the plant. When the plant begins
to release its petals, seeds, or leaves, they will fall into the bag, making it
easy for you to use them.
Drying herbs this way has some neat advantages. One I just love is that
you can see them (if they are not in a paper bag), lending kind of a “folk”
look to your home. The herbs do double duty as decoration while they dry!
Screen Drying:
Just lay out your herbs, and allow them to dry! If you like, you can separate
the plant parts you plan to use first. The length of time this takes depends
on the environment (heat, humidity, air flow).
I prefer to dry them inside the house because I’m not a fan of excessive
dust or bugs. If you do choose to dry them outside, keep them out of the
direct sun—a partially shaded or completely shady area is fine.
Using a Dehydrator:
This is one of the simplest methods. Like screen drying, just lay the herbs
out on the dehydrator trays. Be sure you use the “herb” setting, which
should be around 115 degrees. You can dry them as low as 95 degrees, or
even as high as 125 degrees (if you live in a very humid area).
Using an Oven:
Honestly, I don’t recommend using an oven for drying herbs because most
ovens don’t have low enough temperatures. You’ll end up with some pretty
crispy herbs!
When I first started making my own salves, butters, balms, and ointments
for our family's skincare needs, I often asked the question, "How much oil
or butter should I buy...and what kinds of oils should I keep on hand all the
time?"
Questions raced through my mind: Which is the best oil to use for acne?
Which is the best oil for infusing herbs? What butter should I use for super
dry skin? How long do these oils last before going rancid, anyway? And do
I REALLY need all these oils?
Besides not knowing very much about the characteristics of different oils
when I first started dabbling years ago, the other trouble I ran into was the
cost. Some oils are often expensive, and the recipes I was using or that I
wanted to try often called for a wide variety of different oils.
Or, the recipe called only for small amounts of oil, leaving a great deal left
over. It's a terrible thing to purchase a $20 bottle of Kukui Nut Oil, use just a
little bit, and have most of that bottle sitting around until it goes rancid.
WASTE! Ahem...Ask me how I know.
Here are my top recommendations for oils and butters you might want to
consider starting out with, especially the first seven. I separated my top
seven out for you just to make things easier.
These are the oils or butters I use most often, and don't want to run out! If
you just start with these seven, you’ll have a good variety for your herbal
body products.
Unless you go hard core and start experimenting like a crazy mad-scientist
(like I did there for awhile), there is no reason to purchase a large number
of different or exotic oils when you first start out. Really, olive oil and shea
butter may just be perfect for you to begin!
CASTOR OIL: Castor Oil is useful for creating that shiny gloss in lip balms.
Castor oil also has some anti-fungal properties, and won’t clog your pores
as easily as other oils may.
COCONUT OIL: Coconut oil is one of the first choices many people new to
creating body care products and soap try and use. Indeed, the benefits of
coconut oil are touted practically everywhere you turn. I have discovered
that some people are highly allergic to coconut oil. I happen to be one of
these folks, so you won’t find recipes with coconut oil in them here. But you
can easily substitute coconut oil for the other oils, especially shea butter.
OLIVE OIL: Olive oil is absolutely incredible for your skin. There's really not
many other oils better than olive oil. It's rumored Sophia Loren slathered it
on every day, hence her lovely, glowing skin even into old age.
One thing to be aware of when purchasing olive oil is you want to try to
purchase a good quality brand. Grocery store olive oils have been found to
sometimes be adulterated with canola or other cheaper oils. You can
purchase high quality olive oil from body care suppliers. Or, like me, I try to
either purchase from Costco or try to find a reputable brand in the shops.
SHEA BUTTER: Shea Butter is a softer butter than cocoa butter. Like
Cocoa butter, Shea Butter is also a solid fat. It comes from the nuts of the
shea (karite) tree. Shea butter is one of my favorite butters for creating
body care recipes such as deodorants, body creams, and just using alone.
SWEET ALMOND OIL: Almond Oil is very high in Vitamin E, and even
though it is fairly emollient, it's also highly moisturizing. What a great
combination! I’m never without almond oil in my home for making body care
products.
SUNFLOWER OIL: Sunflower oil doesn't have the shelf life of other oils, so
if you plan to use some in a recipe, you should also plan to get it used up
within about six months or so. Rancid oils are really pretty gross. It’s high in
APRICOT KERNEL OIL: is a great substitute for Almond Oil if you are
allergic to tree nuts. Apricot kernel oil is highly moisturizing, too.
ARGAN OIL: There's been a lot of hype about Argan oil in recent years
and for good reason. It is said to help promote hair growth, and it is anti-
aging and anti-inflammatory for skin care uses. It’s a very lovely, but pricey
oil.
AVOCADO OIL: is rich in fatty acids. It comes from the fruit, so if you are
allergic to tree nuts, it's a great choice for both soap and salve-making. It's
incredibly good for dry skin.
BABASSU OIL: comes from a kind of palm in South America, but it is not
the same palm species that is being ecologically affected by overproduction
of palm oil. Babassu oil is high in lauric acid, just like coconut oil, and it can
make a good substitute if you are allergic to coconut oil (as I am) in your
skin care products.
GRAPE SEED OIL: is a lightweight oil that is very high in anti-oxidant plant
compounds. It's slightly astringent and emollient, meaning it soaks into your
skin well. Some people believe it has good anti-aging properties and it may
also speed wound healing of the skin. It's widely used in many cosmetics
and skin care products, and I think it's a great oil for use in making salves,
etc., especially for people with oilier skin.
JOJOBA OIL: is actually a wax that has similar properties to the surface
layer of oil on human skin. It provides a wonderful protective barrier for
over-washed hands or dry skin. It's great for both dry and oily skin types.
KUKUI NUT OIL: is thought to be one of the oils very useful in treating
difficult skin conditions such as eczema or psoriasis. It is highly
moisturizing, too. This oil comes from the seed of a tree in Hawaii, and it is
wonderfully moisturizing.
MACADAMIA NUT OIL: is wonderful for you, both inside and out. It's a
light oil with a pale yellow color, and is extremely sensitive to heat and light.
It will turn rancid more quickly than other oils, so if you plan on using
Macadamia Nut oil, you might want to purchase it in smaller amounts---or
plan on cooking with it. Macadamia Nut oil is high in monounsaturated fatty
acids, and like jojoba oil, it is similar to the natural oils created by our own
skin.
MEADOWFOAM SEED OIL: is great for using in salves, balms, etc. It's a
very stable oil, and can help lengthen the shelf life of a product.
Meadowfoam seed oil is high in anti-oxidants and can be helpful for mature
skin. It also is absorbed quite quickly. I like using it in homemade beard
oils.
ROSEHIP SEED OIL: I love this stuff! It’s exceptional for aging and mature
skin. It is a more expensive oil, but if you are creating salves and body
products for dry or mature skin, this oil can’t be beat.
If you want to make herbal salves, you need to infuse your herbs in oil first!
Making herb infused oils is so fun and easy. Plus, you’ll have all these cool-
looking jars of herbal oils hanging around in your windows. People love
asking me about them. Like the hanging herbs drying around the house,
they provide a decorative factor.
More importantly, infusing herbs in the oils you plan to use for your body
care products creates a wonderful, medicinal oil, depending on the qualities
of the specific herbs you choose to infuse. These qualities are then part of
the salves, butters, and balms you’ll be making!
It’s important to only use dried herbs in your infusing oils. This is because
the moisture from fresh plants can create a breeding ground for bacteria.
Yuck!
There are a couple of handy methods for making an infused oil. One is fast.
The other is slow. Keep in mind, fast is not always best! My favorite way is
the slow way because it’s more traditional, and I always get a wonderful
infused oil this way.
This is the traditional way folk herbalists of old infused their oils with herbs.
It’s also my favorite way.
There are two trains of thought on the slow way. Some herbalists believe
you need to keep the jars of infusing herbs in a dark cupboard, away from
heat and light. Heat and light will affect the herbal matter to a degree.
Other herbalists believe harnessing the power of the warm sun by placing
your jars in a sunny window is the better way. The heat from the sun
extracts more of the plant constituents. Plus, they look lovely.
Either way, in my experience, several weeks are needed whether you use
the dark cupboard or the sunny window. You’ll probably need a few extra
weeks for the dark cupboard, too, because those infusing jars won’t have
the benefit of the warmth from the sun to help out.
Plan on this process taking from three to six weeks, depending on the
herbs used and where you decide to place your jars during the processing
time.
Sometimes you just need that infused oil in more of a hurry. That’s when
the quick method can come in handy.
I’ve heard some folks use a crock pot to infuse the oils in. In my
experience, this just doesn’t work because the herbs actually get cooked if
the oil gets too hot. You do not want your herbs cooked in your oil.
The better way to warm your infusing oil quickly is to create a double boiler
system by placing your herbs and chosen oil into your jar as in the slow
method described above. Then place that jar in a pan filled with two or
three inches of water. Set the temperature on low, and allow the heating
water to warm the oils gently.
You don’t want the water to simmer, and definitely not to boil. This will
create too much heat, and once again, you’ll have cooked herbs. A good
temperature to shoot for is between 100 and 120 degrees. Allow your herbs
to process for two or three hours, keeping a close eye on them.
One advantage to using the quick way is that you can actually infuse oils
that are solid at room temperature with the herbs. I haven’t tried this myself,
because I prefer to use just plain olive oil or almond oil to infuse my herbs,
but I have heard other herbalists do this.
You’ll know your oil is fully infused by a couple of signs. The oil should have
changed color somewhat. When the color stops becoming darker, it’s most
Once you’ve determined that your oil has had enough time to obtain the
herbal constituents, it’s time to strain the oil from the herbs. What I do is get
a wide mouth Mason jar, place a strainer over the mouth of the jar, and
pour my oil into it, leaving the herbs behind.
If you are using an herbal powder or finer herbs, you may need to use a
few layers of cheese cloth so your infused oil is clear and devoid of plant
matter.
** The picture below shows organic beeswax pellets—the best kind to use for making salves. If you end
up with a beeswax block, you can shave it to fit measuring tools.
Besides oils and herbs, you’ll need beeswax to make your salves, butters,
and balms. Beeswax thickens up the oil, making your resulting product a
soft ointment or a harder balm, depending on what you are making.
Beeswax is also wonderful for soothing and protecting the skin. Besides the
protection factor, beeswax has incredible humectant properties, which
means it helps draw moisture toward the skin. It smells really good, too.
If you are vegan or allergic to high levels of pollen then beeswax may be
problematic for you. You can substitute candelilla wax with a couple of
things to keep in mind.
I have personally not tried candelilla wax, although I did purchase some
and have been meaning to get around to it.
I was reading an article about this one time, and the writer was making a
huge deal out of the differences between them all. Really, they are all pretty
much the same thing and are made the same general way. The biggest
difference between an ointment, salve, and a balm is the ratio of beeswax
to oil used and how hard or soft the resulting product turns out.
Salves (which will be the term I use to stand in for all of them) are basically
made out of beeswax and oil. The oil you use to infuse your herbs is
actually a solvent that holds the medicinal properties of the herbs. The
beeswax provides the firmness. And both the oil(s) and the wax give the
salve a healing, soothing, emollient base for the herbs to do their work!
Ointments:
An ointment is the softest kind of salve and uses the least amount of
beeswax. Think of a very gooey salve that your finger goes right through. A
basic ratio of oil to beeswax for an ointment is approximately 6:1 or 7:1.
There is more oil involved in relationship to the beeswax in an ointment.
Salves:
A salve is next up. Salves are really my favorite. They have a nice firmness,
but they are not completely soft. Think about that vapor rub you buy at the
store. A basic ratio of oil to beeswax for a salve is approximately 4:1 or 5:1.
For example, if you use 1/4 cup beeswax to a cup of oil, you’ll have a 4:1
ratio because there are 2 ounces in a quarter cup and 8 ounces in a full
cup.
Balms:
A balm is the firmest. A balm is more like a lotion bar or a lip balm. It’s
pretty hard, and it requires a bit of warmth from your skin to effectively use.
The nice thing about making salves, ointments, and balms is you can easily
make your own adjustments depending on how firm or soft you want your
own product.
Let’s say you created a salve, but you’d like it to be softer. You can actually
re-heat it over a double boiler and add a bit more oil. There you go! If you
wanted that same salve to be a little firmer, you’d add a tiny bit more
beeswax.
You can add all kinds of additional ingredients to your herbal products.
Essential oils, clays, finely ground oatmeal, honey, charcoal, and lots more
can be added to create a certain type of product. You’ll see some of these
additions in the recipes to come! I have tried to include things you’ll likely
have on hand or that are easy to find.
As you start experimenting with making your own herbal products, you’ll get
more comfortable adding all kinds of things, making adjustments, and
experimenting until you get the just right herbal product for you. In the
meantime, you’ll have these recipes to use! :-)
Before we get into the recipes, let’s talk about how to make a simple, basic
salve. The process for the recipes is going to be similar, so I’m not going to
go into detail every time. You can refer back to this page for instructions if
you need to, and I’ve placed a reminder in the recipes too.
Step 1) Make your medicinal (herb infused) oil following the instructions on
page 25.
Step 2) Add 1/4 cup beeswax to 1 cup of your infused oil (my favorite basic
ratio).
Step 3) Put these in a glass jar (I use a pint wide mouth jar) and create a
double boiler using a pan filled with a couple inches of water. Place the jar
into the pan and turn the heat to low.
Step 4) Heat on low until the beeswax has melted into the oil completely.
Step 5) This step is optional. If you want to find out if your salve is going to
turn out to be the right consistency, take a spoonful of the mixture and put it
in the freezer for a minute. Check your salve. If it’s ok, then continue on. If
it’s too mushy, add a tiny bit more beeswax. If it’s too hard, add a bit more
oil. Re-heat until all is melted together again.
Step 6) Remove your oil and beeswax mixture from the heat. Add any
additional ingredients such as essential oils, clays, etc. and stir them in
really well.
Step 8) Allow your salve to set up until it’s completely cooled and firm. This
can take anywhere from one to several hours, depending on the
temperature.
I recommend storing your salves in a cool, dark place. Heat and light
degrades the oils, and they will go rancid over a period of time. The heat
and light speed that process up significantly.
With that said, I’ve had some salves last well over a year!
Some herbalists get their panties in a bunch about this topic. In my opinion,
making a salve doesn’t require super exact measurements like other herbal
preparations do, for the most part.
Using weight measurements will give you a more exact recipe, while using
volume measurements will give you more of an approximation. I have
found volume measurements to work just fine when making salves,
ointments, and balms.
Some of the recipes in this book use volume amounts, and some do use
weights. I keep a small digital scale in my kitchen if I need it (and I do for
making soap). You may want to use one, but if not, I have tried to include
approximate volume amounts.
If your salve melts on accident: Just place it in the refrigerator for a short
time. It will set right back up.
If your salve is too runny or gooey: Re-melt it and add a bit more
beeswax.
If your salve is too hard: Personally, I start over again and use less
beeswax the next time if this happens. But I know some people re-melt it
and add additional oil with great success.
If you spill your liquid salve on accident: Spills happen to the best of
us. If you are fortunate to have spilled it on a hard surface, it can be gently
scraped up once it cools.
If you add too much essential oil: The best thing to do is not add too
much in the first place. Start with a smaller amount and keep adding until
you are happy with the scent or amount, if it is for medicinal purposes.
What about the jar used to make salve? How to clean it? I have a
confession to make: I don’t clean my salve jars. It’s a hassle. I just put a lid
on them, label the kind of salve I made, and reuse it when I’m ready to
make more salve. If you really want to clean your jar, the best thing to do is
wipe the oils/beeswax out with a towel while before it has set up. Then
wash with dish soap and very hot water.
Will salve go bad? Like any herbal preparation or anything made without
using a preservative of some sort, there is a shelf life. The shelf life
depends on the kind of oil you use as well as the other ingredients. A year’s
shelf life is a good bet, but your nose knows best!
I’m so excited to share these with you in an eBook format! These are not all
of my medicinal salve recipes by any stretch, but these are my favorites
and the ones we keep on hand all the time.
Be sure to read through the herbs in the recipe and read about them in the
first sections of the book. It’s a good idea to do a little extra research on the
herbs, just to give you some enhanced knowledge. You may choose to
leave some out or add others.
The list of herbs is not all-inclusive, so feel free to use other herbs you are
familiar with and want to try.
Also, you’ll probably note that some of the directions (especially for the
medicinal salves) are somewhat repetitious. That’s because they are so
very simple. I purposely started with my easier salves, and they will get
progressively more difficult. But they are still simple to make, overall.
1) for soothing tension I rub onto my temples, neck, and around my ears
2) to soothe bug bites and small cuts
3) to shorten the healing time of a sunburn
4) rub onto your chest, neck, and temples to improve your sleep
5) rub a bit behind your ears to soothe motion sickness
6) use it around your ears and neck to help alleviate allergy symptoms
7) just use it on your skin because it smells so delicious and moisturizes
like a charm!
You’ll Need:
Directions:
Step 3) Once your oils and beeswax are melted completely, quickly stir in
your lavender essential oil. You can add more or less as you want. Keep in
mind the scent will dissipate somewhat as the salve firms up.
This salve is incredible for soothing and speeding the healing of wounds,
burns, bug bites, and more. There is a mild pain relief factor to this salve,
too.
It includes St. John’s Wort, Plantain, and Comfrey, all of which have
outstanding healing and cell rejuvenation properties.
You’ll Need:
Directions:
Step 1) Create your herb infused oil using equal parts of the St. John’s
Wort, Plantain, and Comfrey. See page 25 for directions.
Step 3) Add your essential oils in the quantity you desire, a little more or
less is fine. Keep in mind the lavender and/or tea tree essential oils will add
a synergy to the healing process because they have anti-microbial
properties.
You’ll Need:
• Goldenseal leaves
• Myrrh gum powder
• Frankincense & Myrrh essential oils (both work together to help fight
infection)
• 1 cup herb infused olive oil
• 1/4 cup beeswax
Directions:
Step 3) Stir in your essential oils well and pour into your jars!
Arnica is well-known to help the body heal from bruises. In fact, plastic
surgeons often recommend patients take tiny arnica tablets a few days
before having surgery to minimize swelling and bruising.
You’ll need to make a double infusion for your Arnica infused oil. I feel this
helps increase its impact even more. To make a double infusion, you create
the first infusion like normal. Strain out the spent herbs. Now take the
infused oil and pour it over another batch of the dried herb. Infuse it again,
just as you did the first time.
You’ll Need:
Step 3) Stir in your essential oils well and pour into your jars!
I love calendula. It’s literally one of my favorite herbs. You can eat it, it’s
perfect in all kinds of preparations, including teas, tinctures, infused oils,
vinegars, and more. Plus, it’s a gorgeous flower! This salve is meant to
support skin health. If you are itchy or have a skin condition, try this
calendula salve!
You’ll Need:
Directions:
Step 3) Stir in your essential oils well and pour into your jars!
I created this recipe for cold sore salve because I experience vicious
breakouts on my hip, of all places. They are excruciating. This salve helps
calm and soothe them because of the amino acid, L-Lysine, and the special
nervine herbs it contains. You can read a complete description and to-do
list for cold sores in this article, if you like. Cold Sore Pain Relief Salve and
Why It Works
This cold sore salve is effective because of several factors. The L-Lysine is
an essential amino acid that has been proven to help with herpes, shingles,
etc. Along with the calming Lemon Balm, this is a power-packed duo to
fight against the pain and the length of time the sore is active.
NOTE: You can also take L-Lysine internally. In fact taking it every day is a
good idea because it helps bolster your body against the onslaught of cold
sore outbreaks.
You’ll Need:
Directions:
Step 2) Take 4 or 5 *1,000 mg L-Lysine tablets and grind them into as fine a
powder as you can.
Step 3) Create your basic salve using the infused oil and beeswax like
normal. See page 32 for complete directions.
Step 4) Remove your oil and beeswax mixture from the double boiler and
immediately add your essential oils.
Step 6) Pour the liquid into your salve tins, stirring as you need to in
between pours.
To Use:
Dab this salve onto cold sores, shingles, or herpes that occur on skin (not
in an area with mucous membranes, like the genital area—-that would be a
burning no-no).
For adults, do not lick your lips while using salve. For children, consider
leaving out the Wintergreen if you think they will lick their lips. Wintergreen
(and any essential oil, for that matter) should not be taken internally. Also,
wintergreen is thought to be toxic in different amounts for different people
when taken internally.
This salve is just wonderful for helping clear the sinuses during cold, flu, or
allergy season. It contains powerful and effective essential oils that help
open and soothe sinus passages.
Although there are no herbs involved in this original recipe, next time I
make this salve I plan to use Mullein and Marshmallow herbs infused in the
oil. Mullein is a wonderful herb for supporting bronchial health, and
Marshmallow is soothing to the sinuses, due to its demulcent properties.
You’ll Need:
• 1 cup almond oil (I used almond oil in this recipe because it soaks into
the skin better than olive oil)
• 1/4 cup beeswax
• Essential Oils:
• 15 drops eucalyptus
• 15 drops camphor
• 15 drops peppermint
• 10 drops pine
• 5 drops clary sage
• 5 drops ginger
• 5 drops lavender
• 5 drops rosemary
Yes, I know this is a lot of different essential oils. But these work
synergistically together to relieve congestion supremely well. You are
welcome to make adjustments, though! Also, this is also heavy on the
essential oils. You can cut the amounts roughly in half, especially if you are
using with children. It is better to start out lighter with essential oils and
increase their strength little by little.
Directions:
Step 1) Unless you choose to infuse mullein and/or marshmallow, there are
no herbs to infuse in oil.
Step 2) Melt your oil and beeswax together (see pg. 32)
To Use:
Rub this salve on your chest, around your ears, and neck.
This formulation is one of my favorites for helping with arthritic joints, sore
joints, twisted joints, back pains in the spine, and just being a nice-smelling
warming, soothing salve. The lovely orange color is just beautiful too!
The medicinal properties of this salve come from the Cayenne and Ginger
herbs. Cayenne contains capsaicin, which is wonderful for the joints, and
the ginger is anti-inflammatory, while also being warming. I have heard that
using Cayenne daily on joints may actually improve arthritic symptoms.
Be careful with this salve, because it is HOT if you accidentally get it into
your eyes. And definitely do not use this on sensitive areas on your body or
those with mucous membranes.
Also, be prepared for this salve to itch a little, initially, especially if you use
cayenne with a higher heat unit rating. The itchy feeling will subside, but it
may be uncomfortable for some. You might want to start out with a lower
heat rating, see how that does, then increase it if you need more relief or if
it’s not working well.
NOTE: The cayenne powder comes in something called “heat units.” It’s
basically an indication of how hot the cayenne is. The greater the heat
units, the more effective (and warm on your skin) it may be.
You’ll need:
• Cayenne powder, at least 90K heat units, and I’ve used up to 160K heat
units
• Dried Ginger chips (optional, but I like to infuse them with the Cayenne if
I have them)
• 1 cup total infused oil (see page 25)
• 1/4 cup beeswax
• Ginger essential oil, about 30-50 drops
Directions:
Step 2) Follow the directions to make your basic salve on page 32.
Step 3) Add your essential oil at the end, stir well, and pour into your
containers.
To Use:
Massage into painful areas, such as your finger joints, knee, elbow joints or
your back. I use this on my lumbar area because I have back issues in my
L4-and L5 discs. This is one of the ways I manage that pain naturally.
**Be sure to wash your hands REALLY well, and again, don’t touch your
eyes, mouth, or other areas that are highly sensitive. Trust me on this.
This simple salve contains Wintergreen essential oil as the main pain
easing component.
Arnica herb also helps with surface inflammation, so I use the infused oil for
this salve. You can also use St. John’s Wort infused oil, or a combination of
Arnica and St. John’s Wort to infuse your oil.
Again—I keep stating this, but it’s worth repeating: If you are using
medications, are elderly, have a compromised immune system, are
pregnant, nursing, or for children: be sure to seek advice from your medical
doctor.
A 5% dilution rate is fairly strong and some say should not be used
consistently. It’s only for very acute conditions. And for further reference, 1
teaspoon of essential oil is roughly equivalent to 100 drops of essential oil.
And, 1 teaspoon of wintergreen essential oil (I have read in the past) is
about the same as 20 aspirin tablets.
When I make this salve for our personal use, I do a higher amount of
essential oils, but I am educated about the risks, and we are not on any
medications or have health issues, and only used topically. Just be sure to
do your due diligence.
And just one more note about wintergreen: It should never be used
internally, as it can be toxic in even small amounts for some people. Just be
With all that said, this salve can be used for typical pains such as frozen
shoulder, rheumatoid arthritis, sore muscles, back and neck issues,
cartilage injury, and bone spurs.
You’ll Need:
• 1 cup Arnica and/ St. John’s Wort infused oil (see page 25)
• 1/4 cup beeswax
• Wintergreen essential oil.
Directions:
Step 1) Infuse your oil with the herbs, Arnica and St. John’s Wort if you
wish. See page 25 for directions.
Step 3) Add your chosen amount of essential oil once the oil and beeswax
has melted together. Stir well, and pour into your containers. Allow to set up
until firm.
To Use:
I make this with calendula infused oil, but you can also use chickweed,
which is wonderful for the skin. You can combine the herbs together, too! :-)
The honey used in this recipe is naturally soothing and healing, as well as
having anti-microbial properties. Oatmeal is soothing for the skin.
I chose the essential oils especially for their helpfulness and support for the
skin. Patchouli is soothing and anti-inflammatory, frankincense is just an
overall fabulous essential oil for the skin (I use it daily on my face),
peppermint is cooling and soothing, tea tree essential oil helps with the
itching and has a slight numbing action, and lavender is one of the best all-
around healing essential oils.
You’ll Need:
Directions:
Step 3) Allow it to cool slightly after removing it from the heat. Stir in the
honey really well.
Step 5) Now add in your finely ground oatmeal. You’ll have to keep stirring
as you pour it into your containers to keep it from settling. I poured the
containers about half full. Then I came back around and (stirring rather
constantly still) filled them up. It’s a trick to keep it suspended as long as
possible while the salve sets up.
Here is another of my favorite salves, and I make sure to have this around
ALL the time. As homesteaders, we are always out working with our hands,
and that means splinters! Besides helping draw out splinters, this salve will
help draw out all kinds of foreign bodies, including glass, cactus spines,
rocks, etc. It’s great for pulling out toxins, cleaning up your skin, and for
general healing too. Try it on acne and pimples, as charcoal is a good
detoxifier for the skin in general.
The primary ingredient in this salve that gives it its “drawing” nature is
activated charcoal. It’s been used for thousands of years as a detoxifier
and purifier. The charcoal helps clean the wound and literally draw out the
object.
The herbs: St. John’s wort and plantain are for speeding wound healing.
You can even make a poultice out of plantain by chewing up a couple of
leaves and applying it to the wound if you are out in the woods or fields and
something happens! (Just a little tip I thought I’d throw in there—)
Other ingredients: The addition of castor oil helps give this salve a bit of
slip, besides being anti-microbial. The bentonite clay enhances the action
of the charcoal.
My husband swears by this salve, and he uses it often. It’s never failed,
and we have seen some pretty remarkable things with it.
You’ll Need:
Directions:
Step 2) Liquify the beeswax and the infused oil (see page 32)
Step 3) Add the charcoal and bentonite clay. Stir really well. Some will
settle, but that’s ok for now.
Step 4) Immediately add your essential oils and stir, stir, stir!
Step 5) Pour your salve into your containers, stirring between pours to help
alleviate settling of the heavier ingredients.
Step 6) I like to put this salve in the freezer for a few minutes so it can set
up quickly. If it’s really runny, this is a necessary step.
Using herbs and essential oils in your salve and balm creations not only
gives you some pretty incredible medicinal remedies, but you’ll find in this
next section some fun ways to create salves for beauty and fun!
Many of these recipes make excellent gifts too. For example, when paired
up with matching soap or sugar scrub, a nice salve makes a great addition
to a cute gift basket! (If you want to learn how to make hot process soap
and customize it using herbs, clays, essential oils, and more, take a look at
my eBook, Creating Hot Process Soap.)
Making salves and balms pretty much follows the same general directions
as the medicinal salves. However, I use different containers for some of
these recipes, and rely more heavily on essential oils for scent.
For the medicinal salves, a tin or container is just fine, and those will also
work for these body and beauty salves/balms. However, you might want to
experiment with making push up sticks, like you see with deodorant and lip
balm tubes. You can find push up sticks in all sizes for pouring salves into
for stick deodorant, bug repellents, and lip balms. I can’t link to Amazon in
my book (due to regulations), but here is my resource page that may help.
If you’ve been using commercial deodorant for a long time, you may need
to give your body a chance to detox from the chemicals. You may sweat
more, break out in a rash for a little while, or you may be fortunate and not
experience any of this!
You’ll Need:
Directions:
Create a salve as described on page 32 with the olive oil and beeswax.
Add in your essential oils and stir well. Pour this into a salve container.
NOTE: Because this deodorant doesn’t have any powders to soak up the oil, you may
end up with a greasy area on your clothes. Go easy on this deodorant.
This has been my go-to deodorant recipe for many years. It never fails. I
love this stuff! If you want to read a little about my personal natural
deodorant history, you may enjoy this article: Antiperspirants and
Deodorants: Should You be Worried?
You may have noticed that many natural deodorants contain coconut oil. I
have learned through some uncomfortable trial and error that I’m allergic to
it on my skin. So all my body care recipes do not contain it, including my
deodorant. If you would like to use coconut oil, go ahead and substitute it
for the shea butter if you like.
You’ll Need:
Note about the essential oils: The BEST anti-bacterial (and therefore smell
repelling) essential oils I’ve tried are lavender, tea tree, rosemary, and
eucalyptus. Feel free to use these alone or in blends.
Directions:
Step 1) Place the butters into your double boiler (see page 32) and melt
together.
Step 3) Pour into your container. Stir as you go, if you can, to keep the
powders suspended in the liquid.
Step 4) Place your container(s) into the freezer or fridge for about 20
minutes to an hour to completely set up.
Step 5) Enjoy! If you let your deodorant get too cold, that’s ok. It will thaw.
It’s also firmer in the winter time because of the colder temperatures. That’s
ok. It will melt with your body heat.
To Use:
Sometimes a girl just wants to be a little fancy. I got tired of using my good
old same old Favorite Deodorant a couple of months ago, so I came up
with this variation!
You’ll Need:
Directions:
Step 1) Melt your butters in your double boiler set up (see page 32)
These are salves that are firmer, to the point we can actually call them a
balm. They are not going to be super soft, and they require body heat to
help them melt into your skin. The good thing about this is that you’ll get the
perfect amount of product!
Hard balms are wonderful for helping heal cracked skin, such as dry heels,
elbows, knees, and cuticles. They can also be used as a general
moisturizer on your body and for chapped skin and lips.
I like to tuck my lotion bars into small tins that screw shut (so they won’t
accidentally leak melted product if the day is hot) and carry them with me
instead of bulky bottles of lotion.
You can experiment with the scents, too, and create the perfect lotion bar
for you! I’ve included three of my recipes, the basic, a scented, and one for
repelling insects. These will give you the basics along with some ideas!
Branch out and get creative. Consider making your own solid perfume
balms!
To make lotion bars, it’s best if you have small silicone molds (like the
Wilton candy molds) unless you are using the stick style container. Flat tins
work well too.
You’ll Need:
Directions:
Step 1) Melt your butter, infused oil, and beeswax together in your double
boiler, just as you did with your salves (see page 32).
Step 2) Remove from the heat and stir your essential oil choices in well.
Step 3) Pour into your small candy molds or stick and allow to set up for a
few hours until completely hardened.
Here’s a fun lotion bar recipe that smells just divine. The tangerine uplifts
the senses, and the slight cocoa scent comes from unrefined cocoa butter,
which is supremely moisturizing.
You’ll Need:
Directions:
Step 1) Melt your butter, infused oil, and beeswax in your double boiler (see
page 32)
Step 4) Enjoy!
I created this insect repellent stick after a serious infestation of wasps this
summer. It was horrible. There were three scents that worked well, so I
came to create a spray with them that worked fabulously. Then I decided to
also turn it into a convenient carry around balm!
I put mine into a stick, but you could also use the silicone molds for this too.
This recipe makes about 2 1/2 ounces, which will fill two one ounce push
up tubes.
You’ll Need:
Directions:
Step 1) Measure out the olive oil, shea butter, and beeswax into your
double boiler (pg. 32)
Step 3) Remove from heat and add your essential oils and neem oil.
Step 4) Carefully pour into your push up tubes or silicone molds. Leave
alone until they are completely hardened and set.
To Use:
Rub over your exposed skin, and the wasps and mosquitoes will stay away!
If you find it doesn’t work, just increase the amount of essential oil used.
The next few recipes are those I use for my skincare and tired feet. I think
you’ll like these!
These are freshly picked Calendula flowers. To infuse, be sure they are completely
dried. The flower is what you place in the oil, and the petals hold most of the herbal
benefits.
I love this simple recipe for under eye cream. The caffeine from the coffee
infused oil actually helps tighten up the skin and helps reduce bags. The
other oils add even more skin rejuvenating effects.
NOTE: The herbal oil infusion used here is created with fresh caffeinated
coffee grounds. Just fill your jar about 1/3 of the way and cover with almond
oil. I recommend almond oil because it soaks into your skin well.
This salve will be a light brown color, but don’t worry. It won’t show up on
your skin. And…if you love the smell of coffee, you’ll love this salve!
You’ll Need:
• 2/3 cups coffee infused almond oil (you could also add some chickweed
to this oil infusion as it has great skin benefits too) See page 25 for
complete directions on infusing oils with herbs.
• 1/3 cup beeswax
• 1 tsp Jojoba oil
• 1 tsp Vitamin E
• Optional: A few drops of Frankincense or Helichrysum essential oils,
which are terrific for the skin.
Directions:
Step 1) Melt your infused oil and beeswax together (see page 32 for
complete directions)
Step 2) Remove from heat and stir in the jojoba oil, vitamin E, and essential
oils if using.
Step 3) Pour into your tins and allow to set up.
NOTE: This makes a four ounce salve jar full, which is a LOT. If you don’t
want this much, just reduce the amount proportionately.
This is a basic body butter recipe for you to play around with. I started out
making it with coconut oil instead of the shea butter, and my skin couldn’t
take the itching (as I’m allergic to coconut oil). So, if you love coconut oil
and want to use it, go ahead and substitute it for the shea butter.
You’ll Need:
Directions:
Step 1) Melt your infused almond oil, shea butter, cocoa butter, and
beeswax together in a double boiler (see page 32)
Step 2) Remove from heat and stir in your essential oils if using
NOTE: This makes about 8 ounces of product. If you only want about 4
ounces, just cut it in half.
To Use:
A little of this goes a LONG way, so start out with a small amount. It’s a
great cream for those cold winter days when your skin gets really dry.
This recipe contains menthol crystals, which are extremely cooling. This
salve will refresh and invigorate your legs and feet at the end of a long
tiring day or first thing in the morning as you head out the door! Don’t use it
right before bed, though, because the tingling menthol may keep you
awake!
Another difference with this recipe, is you’ll have to measure out the
ingredients by the ounce using a digital kitchen scale (except for the
beeswax—I just use about a tablespoon). This is so the menthol is not too
overpowering.
The essential oils serve a few purposes: a lovely scent that goes along with
the menthol, invigorating (peppermint), circulation enhancing (rosemary),
and anti-fungal (tea tree).
You’ll Need:
Directions:
Step 1) Melt your butters, almond oil, and beeswax together (see page 32)
Step 2) Add the menthol crystals while still on low heat and stir until they
are completely melted into the liquid.
Step 3) Remove from the heat and add your essential oils.
To Use:
Start out with a small amount and see how your feet and legs do. The
menthol can be REALLY cooling to some people with sensitive skin, so be
aware of this.
Slip on a comfy pair of socks, put your feet up (if you are able—I know we
are all so busy), and enjoy!
These are flower infused oil based salves, much like the medicinal salves
at the beginning of the book. But they smell wonderful, are moisturizing,
and I will often just use these instead of lotion. Enjoy!
Soothing and sweet, this salve is a wonderful way to relax at the end of
your work day or before bed. You can use it all over, or just rub it into your
temples.
You’ll Need:
• 1 cup chamomile & lavender infused almond oil or olive oil (see page 25
for directions)
• 1/4 cup beeswax
• 30 drops lavender essential oil
• 15-20 drops chamomile essential oil
Directions:
Step 1) Melt your infused oil and beeswax together (see page 32)
Step 3) Pour into your container(s) and leave alone until set up and
completely cooled.
Roses help your emotions, soothe grief, and heal the heart. Although I
didn’t use any true rose essential oil because it is WAY too expensive, the
oils I did use smell similar and provide similar properties without denting
your pocket book too much. This recipe makes about 5 ounces—a four
ounce jar plus a little extra.
You’ll Need:
• 1/2 cup rose petal infused almond or olive oil. **Be sure the rose petals
you use are organic and not sprayed with pesticide. See the directions
for infusing oil on page 25)
• 1 tablespoon powdered dried rose petals (optional, but I love them in this
salve)
• 1/2 tsp Alkanet infused olive oil for a hint of color (optional)
• 1/8 cup beeswax
• 40 drops geranium (rose geranium) essential oil
• 60 drops Love Vanilla essential oil blend from Plant Therapy OR 40
drops vanilla essential oil and 20 drops ylang yang essential oil)
Directions:
Step 1) Combine the infused oil and beeswax in a double boiler (see page
32)
Step 3) Remove from heat and stir in your essential oils and your rose petal
powder (if using).
Step 4) Try to stir occasionally as your are pouring your salve mixture into
your jars to keep the petal powder suspended as much as possible.
The little brown bits in the picture are pieces of the rose petal powder. It
doesn’t affect the salve, and I think it gives it a little extra plant power. If you
don’t like the appearance, just leave it out.
It can be a little intimidating to start trying to create your very own recipes,
but it’s worth doing it! Is everything always going to work out perfectly?
Probably not. My own experiments haven’t all been perfect, and I’ve
scrapped quite a few of them, while figuring things out. And that’s ok! This
is how you improve and learn, right?
Here are the basic steps to keep in mind as you begin creating your very
own salves, balms, and ointments.
Think about what purpose you want your salve to fulfill? Do you want it to
be medicinal? For skincare? For just plain fun? Use the herb chart at the
beginning of this book and do a little research to find herbs you want to use
specifically for your own salve. Then start infusing the ones you want to try
You may have a good idea about what kind of oil you like to use. Think
about the properties you would like your salve to have, and choose oils and
butters that will help you reach your goals. Do some further research if you
like. The list at the beginning of this book is just a start!
Is there something else you’d like to try adding? Honey? Oat powder?
Clay? Spirulina? Charcoal? It’s endless, my friend!
And essential oils? They just add more impact to your salve creations! Be
sure to do research (I know I keep saying that, but this book is definitely not
the be-all, end-all) to be sure the essential oils you will be using are
suitable for your needs.
First, combine your infused oils and beeswax and melt together in your
double boiler (pg. 32)
Then remove from the heat source and quickly stir in your other
ingredients.
Finally, pour your liquid into your containers and let them firm up and cool
completely.
Make adjustments if you need to! You can always make changes—-
If you are going to begin experimenting, please don’t skip this! I neglected
to write quite a few of my experiments down in the beginning and I regret
that. It’s really fun to go back over your old notebooks and remember what
you did back then. Also, you’ll remember what did and didn’t work well, and
that will help you build your own foundation!
Right now, I have seven notebooks filled with recipes for teas, tinctures,
soaps, salves, beauty items, liniments, vinegars, home brews, and more. It
seems crazy, but over the years, I have compiled quite a collection. When I
was perusing them for recipes to include in this book that I had long
forgotten, I was so surprised at how much knowledge these notebooks
contained.
These notebooks are some of my personal treasures, and I hope you will
create and keep your own notebook treasures too.
Thank you for purchasing my book! I hope you’ll consider keeping in touch!
I’d love to hear from you about your own herbal journey and creating your own salves,
oils, butters, and balms! You can join our community by following me on Instagram,
Facebook, and Pinterest.
Another way to keep in touch is by signing up to receive the weekly newsletter. I provide
valuable tips, recipes, or information not found on the blog; an section for inspiration; a
behind the scenes look at our life; and the current week’s articles of note!
When you subscribe to receive the weekly newsletter, I will also send you three free
eBooks. One is “How to Use Herbs to Relax,” which is filled with recipes and remedies.
Another is a small collection of favorite essential oil blends, and the last one is a mini-
eBook about how to start your own homestead no matter where you live.
I hope you have fun making your herbal creations and sharing them with friends and
family. Some of my own friends have even begun selling their products to make a little
extra income!
However you decide to use your knowledge, I hope you experience all the joy that
comes with learning this new skill.
Heidi
Herbs:
Most of the items in this book can be purchased on Amazon. However, I like to get my
dried herbs from Starwest Botanicals. I even use them for my tea blends I don’t make
myself and culinary spices.
Essential Oils:
My favorite companies to purchase good quality, decent priced essential oils are
Starwest Botanicals, Plant Therapy, and Rocky Mountain Oils in no particular order.
Containers:
I generally shop through Amazon, however Specialty Bottle Company has some great
options and no minimums. Here is a link to the Resources page on my website, which
will have Amazon links.
Some, like coconut oil and olive oil, I buy at Costco. Others that are more difficult to find
I either purchase at Starwest Botanicals, Bulk Apothecary, or Mountain Rose Herbs.
Specialty Ingredients:
These I generally find on Amazon for good prices. However, I will visit one of the online
shops mentioned above too. Here is my resource page on the website for ideas.
Education:
Want to learn more about using herbs? I recommend The Herbal Academy of New
England. They have classes for literally everyone from beginner to advanced, as well as
smaller courses on specific topics. I love this online school!
Books:
These are all great resources for your salve-making, and ones I refer to all the time:
101 Easy Homemade Products for your Skin, Health, & Home by Jan Berry
And there are many other books I own and love to use. These seem to just pop off my
shelf the most often! I’ve got these and others listed in my Resources page too.
Hot Process Soap: How to Create Your Own Handmade Soaps with Confidence
Natural Cold & Flu Care—-Get Your Homemade Remedies Ready Now
How to Create Your Own Herbal Teas for Health & Pleasure