CHAPTER 5 INDICES AND LOGARITHM FORM 4

PAPER 1

1. Solve the equation 3(53 x1 )  36 [3marks]

2. Solve the equation 323 x  47 x 4 [3marks]

3. Solve the equation 32 x 1  5x [4marks]

4. Solve the equation 165 x  49 x 6 [3marks]

3 x 3 1
5. Solve the equation 27  [3marks]
9 x 3

6. Solve the equation 22 x 1  13(2 x )  24  0 [4marks]

7. Given that log 3 K  log 9 L  2 , express K in terms of L. [4marks]

 49 p 
Given that log p 3  r and log p 7  s , express log p   in terms
8.  27  [4marks]
of r and s.
Given that log 5 2  q and log 5 9  p , express log 5 8.1 in terms of
9. [4marks)
q and p.

10. Solve the equation 3  log 3 (2 x  1)  log 3 x . [3marks]

 56 
Given that log x 2  p and log x 7  q , express log x  2  in terms
11. x  [4marks]
of p and q.
12. Given that log 3 mn  3  2 log3 m  log 3 n express m in terms of n. [4marks]

13. Given that log 9 y  log 3 18 , find the value of y [3marks]

 81m 
Given that log 3 m  v and log 3 n  w , express log 9   in
14.  n  [4marks]
terms of v and w.
15. Solve the equation log 3 x  log 3 (4 x  1)  2 . [3marks]

4
16. Solve the equation 5x 1  5x   . [3marks]
25

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CHAPTER 5 INDICES AND LOGARITHM FORM 4

ANSWERS (PAPER 1)

1. 53 x1  12

log 53 x1  log12 1

(3 x  1) log 5  log12 1

log12
3x  1 
log 5
1.0792
3x  1 
0.6990

3x  1  1.54392

3 x  0.54392

x  0.1813
1

2 
5 3x
  22 
7 x 4
2.

215 x  214 x8 1

15 x  14 x  8
1

x8 1

3. log 32 x 1  log 5 x 1

 2 x  1 log 3  x log 5 1

2 x log 3  log 3  x log 5

2 x log 3  x log 5  log 3

x  2 log 3  log 5   log 3

log 3
x 1
2 log 3  log 5

x  1.8691 1

2 
4 5x
  22 
9 x 6
1

15
CHAPTER 5 INDICES AND LOGARITHM FORM 4

4.
220 x  218 x12

20 x  18 x  12 1

x  6
1
1
273 x 3   9 x 3 

2
5.

 
1

3 
3 3 x 3
 3 
2 x 3 2
1
1
39 x 9   32 x 6 

2

9x  9  x  3 1

10 x  6

3
x 1
5

6. 22 x 1  13(2 x )  24  0

22 x.21  13(2 x )  24  0

2 
x 2
.2  13(2 x )  24  0 1

Let u = 2x

2u 2  13u  24  0

 2u  3  u  8  0
3
u or 8 1
2

But 2x must be positive, so 2x = 8

 2 x  23

x =3 1

log 3 L
7. log 3 K  2 1
log 3 9
log 3 L
log 3 K  2
2
16
CHAPTER 5 INDICES AND LOGARITHM FORM 4

2 log 3 K  log 3 L  4

K2
log 3 4 1
L
K2
 34 1
L

K 9 L 1

8. log p 7 2  log p p  log p 33 1,1

2 log p 7  log p p  3log p 3 1

2 s  1  3r 1

81
9. log 5 8.1 = log 5 1
10

= log 5 81  log 5 10 1

= log 5 92  log 5  2  5  1

= 2 log 5 9  log 5 2  log 5 5

= 2 p  q 1 1

10.
3log 3 3  log 3 (2 x  1)  log 3 x

log 3 33  log 3 (2 x  1)  log 3 x

log 3 27  2 x  1  log 3 x 1

27  2 x  1  x 1

54 x  x  27

27
x 1
53
 56 
11. log x  2  = log x 56  log x x 2 1
x 

= log x (7  8)  2 log x x

= log x 7  log x 8  2 log x x 1

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CHAPTER 5 INDICES AND LOGARITHM FORM 4

= log x 7  log x 23  2 log x x

= log x 7  3log x 2  2 log x x 1

= q  3p  2 1

12. log 3 mn  log 3 33  log 3 m 2  log 3 n 1

27m 2
log 3 mn  log 3 1
n
27m 2
mn  1
n
n2
m 1
27
log 3 y
 log 3 18 1
13. log 3 9
log 3 y
 log 3 18
log 3 9
log 3 y
 log 3 18
2

log 3 y  2 log 3 18

log 3 y  log 3 182 1

y  324 1

 81m 
14.  81m  log 3  
log 9   =  n  1
 n 
log 3 9
log 3 81  log 3 m  log 3 n
= 1
2 log 3 3
1
=
2
 log 3 34  log 3 m  log 3 n  1

1
=  4  v  w 1
2

15. log 3 x  log 3 (4 x  1)  2  0

log 3 x  log 3 (4 x  1)  2 log 3 3  0

x(9)
log 3 0 1
4x 1

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CHAPTER 5 INDICES AND LOGARITHM FORM 4

9x
 30 1
4x 1

9x  4x 1

5x  1

1
x 1
5
4
16. 5x.51  5x  
52
1  4
5 x   1   2 1
5  5
 4 4
5x      2
 5 5
4  5
5x   2    
5  4

5x  51 1

x  1 1

19