UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG

BKU2032 PROBABILITY & STATISTICS

TUTORIAL 3 (CHAPTER 3: HYPOTHESIS TESTING)

1. Test the hypothesis that the random variable

30.4 31.2 30.8 29.9 30.4 30.7 29.9 30.1
come from a normal distribution with mean of 30.5. The standard deviation of the measurements is known
to be 0.1.

2. The standard deviation of the breaking strengths of certain cables produced by a company is given as 240
kg. After a change was introduced in the process of manufacturing of these cables, the breaking strengths of
a sample of 8 cables showed a standard deviation of 300 kg. Investigate the significance of the apparent
increase in variability. Use   0.01 .

3. Two types of soil namely S1 and S2 at certain district solutions were tested for their gamma radiation dose.
A random sample of 6 measurements of S1 showed a mean of 7.52 with a standard deviation of 0.024. A
random sample of 7 measurements of S2 showed a mean of 7.8 with a standard deviation of 0.03. Assume
that the both population variances are equal. Determine whether the two types of soil have difference in the
variability of gamma radiation doses. Use   0.03 .

4. Most water-treatment facilities monitor the quality of their drinking water on an hourly basis. One variable
monitored is pH, which measures the degree of alkalinity or acidity in the water. A pH below 7.0 is acidic,
above 7.0 is alkaline and 7.0 is neutral. One water-treatment plant has target a pH of 8.5 (most try to
maintain a slightly alkaline level). The mean and standard deviation of 1 hour’s test results based on 17
water samples at this plant are 8.42 and 0.16 respectively. Does this sample provide sufficient evidence that
the mean pH level in the water differs from 8.5? Use a 0.05 level of significance. Assume that the
population is approximately normally distributed.

5. In an effort to increase production of automobile parts, the factory manager decides to play music in
manufacturing area. Eight workers are selected, and the number of items each produced for a specific day is
recorded. After one week of music, the same workers are monitored again. The data are given in the table.
At   0.05 , can the manager conclude that the music has increased production? Assume that the
populations are approximately normally distributed.
Worker 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Before 6 8 10 9 5 12 9 7
After 10 12 9 12 8 13 8 10

6. A battery-operated digital pressure monitor is being developed for use in calibrating pneumatic pressure
gauges in the field. It is thought that 95% of the readings it gives lie within 0.01 lb/in 2 of the true reading.
In a series of 100 tests, the gauge is subjected to a pressure of 10,000 lb/in 2. A test is considered to be
success if the reading lies within 10,000  0.01 . We want to test
H 0 : p  0.95
H 1 : p  0.95
When the data are gathered, it is found that 98 of the 100 readings were successful. Can H 0 be rejected at
the   0.05 ?

7. The life in hours of a battery with brand X is to be approximately normally distributed, with standard
deviation of 1.25 hours. A random sample of 30 batteries has a mean life of 40.5 hours. Test at 1%
significance level to support the claim that the mean life of battery with brand X exceeds 40 hours.

8. In the past the standard deviation of weights of certain 40.0 oz packages filled by a machine was 0.25 oz. A
random sample of 20 packages showed a standard deviation of 0.32 oz. Is the apparent increase in
variability significant at the 0.05 level of significance?

1
9. When we deal with two independent random samples from normal populations whose variances seem to be
unequal, the following test, called the Smith-Satterthwaite test can be used instead of the two sample t
test. The test statistic

t' 
X 1  X2 
s12 s 22

n1 n 2
is a random variable having approximately t distribution with degrees of freedom estimated from the
observed values of the sample variances s12 and s 22 as
2
 s12 s 22 
  
  n1 n2 
 s12 / n1  2   s22 / n2  2
n1  1 n2  1
Use this test in the following problems;
The following data is the Brinel hardness values obtained for samples of two magnesium alloys:
Alloy 1: 67.3 64.5 63.9 61.8 62.5 61.7 62.4 67.1 61.2
Alloy 2: 70.3 72.5 63.9 66.4 65.8 71.5 72.6 66.2 69.9
Use the 0.05 level of significance to test the claim that mean of Alloy 2 is less than the mean of Alloy 1 by
  0.5

10. The chemical benzene is highly toxic to humans. In any production process involving benzene,
the water in the output of the process must not exceed 7950 parts per million (ppm) of benzene
because of government regulations. For a process that concern on that particular in a factory,
the water samples from production A and production B were randomly selected and the results
are as shown in Table 1.
Production Sample size Sample mean Sample standard deviation
A 26 7970 ppm 100 ppm
B 26 7990 ppm 110 ppm
Table 1
By using assumption that the distribution of benzene concentration is normal,
a) construct a 99% confidence interval on the mean of production B.
b) is there significant evidence that the population mean for the process from production B
exceeds the government limit? Use   0.05 to test the hypothesis.
c) determine whether the two productions have difference in the variability of benzene
concentrations at the 0.05 level of significance.
d) can we conclude that the mean benzene concentration from production A is less than the
mean benzene concentration from production B at 5% significance level? The assumption of
the condition of variances (equal or unequal) is based on your answer in (b).

11. Two different gauges can be used to measure the depth of bath material in a Hall cell used in smelting
aluminum. Each gauge is used once in seven cells by the same operator. Data (in inch) for the two gauges are as
follow:
Gauge A: 46 50 47 53 49 48 54
Gauge B: 47 53 45 50 51 43 45
By assuming the bath depth readings are normally distributed,
(a) find the mean and standard deviation for the data and use appropriate notation to represent the values.
(b) determine whether the two gauges have difference in the variability of bath depths readings at 0.05
level of significance.
(c) construct a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the mean bath depth readings of Gauge
A and the mean bath depth readings of Gauge B. The assumption of the condition of variances (equal
or unequal) is based on your answer in (b).

2
(d) can we conclude that the mean bath depth readings from Gauge A is more than the mean bath depth
readings from Gauge B at 5% significance level? The assumption of the condition of variances (equal
or unequal) is based on your answer in (b).