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Wednesday, May 26, 2010 EXPLORE

Generator Tan-Delta Test search

WHY to know the TAN DELTA precisely ?
Every Power electrical appliances in use, undergo stress from Operating Voltage, Mechanical
Vibration, Temperature, Gaseous and Solid Metallic Impurities. Under these stress, the degradation
of the insulation takes place, in the Electrical equipment. This stress lead to the continuous ageing of
the appliance, with regard to its Electrical Properties. Sometimes there will be an avalanche of
Insulation breakdown. In the total complex network of Power Generation, Transmission, Distribution
System ageing of a simple insulation may lead to a disastrous breakdown of the system, causing
heavy loss.

To avoid such unexpected breakdowns and for the un-interrupted service, from electrical power it is
very essential to know the insulation quality of the equipment that is going to be used in the power
system. And it is also essential to periodically monitor the Insulation property of equipment, that in
use in this Power Network.

In Electrical AC System the Dissipation Factor Tanδ or Power Factor Cosø is considered as the
indicate of quality of insulation. Hence it is very essential to measure the tanδ of dielectric material of
the equipment precisely. The factory “pre-despach measurement results” are considered to be the
most important as these are taken as the “reference” while determining ‘Aging Effect’. A very
important factor is that, the instrument that is used for measuring the “reference” shall be precise and
producing the repeatable results for many years.

Hence the tanδ of dielectric materials of High Voltage Electrical Appliances like Power Transformers,
Distribution Transformers, High Voltage Bushings, Transformers, Instrument Transformers, Power
Capacitors, Power cables, Oil etc is measured precisely using highly reliable methods and
instruments. The data on Dielectric Properties of Insulating material used in High Voltage Electrical
Appliance gives us an idea of the Insulation Strength of the Appliances. Continuous “degradation”,
“ageing” due to above mentioned stress will change these data continuously. In practice, to judge the
degradation of the system in operation, the periodically recorded data are compared with a reference
value, or with the value obtained by studies.

WHAT IS “DISSIPATION FACTOR”?

Dissipation Factor Tan Delta is the ratio of useless current in the Electrical system to a useful current
in it. That means this is the ratio of Wattloss current to the Reactive current in it.

i.e tanδ = IR/ Ic

For the voltage applied V

tanδ = Watt-loss (Active) Power

Hence tan delta is considered as the measure of quality of insulation in dielectric material.

In some countries Cosø is measured to know the Insulation Quality.

Watt loss in Power System

It is required to monitor the watt loss through the insulation of Power System, A Generator,
Transformer, Cable even a Power Capacitor used in the Electric circuit of Generation, Transmission
and Distribution shall have very low power loss.

Eg1 . The Capacitors, that to be used for Power Factor Correction, or a Power Cable that is used in
Electric Power Circuit are very essential to have very low wattloss.
i.e. 0.2/ kVAR for Power Capacitors and tan delta of 0.0005 for Power Cables.

The Dissipation Factor tanδ is the direct measure of watt loss (VAcosΦ) in the total reactance of the
Power Capacitor. i.e. The nominal tan delta value of 0.0002 shall be kept for Power Capacitor under
use. Content

Unit Master Edit 02

To ensure the correct wattloss /KVAR, the tan delta shall be measured with high precision i.e with the
accuracy 0.00005 or better and this measuring system shall be producing repeatable results for Unit Master Edit 01
many years.
Turbine Governing System
Eg2 All over the world for years together the data on Dielectric Material have been recorded and
Governor and Load Limit Control
monitored. Normally the Insulating Oil contributes major part as the dielectric material, in a Electrical
Power Appliance. Hence it is very essential to precisely know the different Electrical and Chemical
Free Governor Mode
properties of Insulating Oil.
Start-Up Power Plant
To know the electrical properties of the Insulating Oil, the tan delta test and to know the chemical
impurities the Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) of the oil is conducted. These two tests are considers Boiler
as is the perfect yard stick for Failure Analysis and also for ‘Aging Effect’ of the Power Equipment
under use. Boiler Tube Bottom Slope Research

For fresh insulating Oil the Dissipation Factor is noted using very precise instrument. In this case the Boiler Water Steam
Dissipation Factor is as less as 0.0001 and this measurement shall be with accuracy of ± 0.00005
Boiler Tube Leak
(0.005%) of reading (as per IEC 250).
Condenser
This table was real tan delta test on generator after fixed from floaded of seal oil. The test result
should be less that 2 %. Condensate Pump

Boiler Feed Pump

Feed-Water Heater

Turbine

Generator

Coal Combustion

Excess Air

Air Combustion

Circulating Water Pump

Condenser Vacuum Pump

Coal Handling

Submerged Chain Conveyor

For more details on Failure Analysis of Power Energy

Appliances using DGA of Oil
SHIVATTI SOLUTIONS FGD
NO 12, 12TH B MAIN
Dryer
MUTHYALNAGAR
BANGALORE – 560054
Electrostatic Precipitator

Please visit Generator theory.

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